| HS Code | 693862 |
| Appearance | Milky white liquid |
| Solid Content Wt | 55 ± 1 |
| Viscosity Mpa S | 1500 - 3000 |
| Ph Value | 7.0 - 8.5 |
| Density G Cm³ | 1.05 - 1.10 |
| Particle Size Nm | 100 - 300 |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature C | 5 - 10 |
| Glass Transition Temperature C | 10 - 15 |
| Residual Monomer Wt | < 0.1 |
| Voc Content G L | < 10 |
| Freeze Thaw Stability | 5 cycles stable |
| Mechanical Stability | Excellent |
| Film Clarity | Transparent and glossy |
| Water Resistance | Good |
| Wet Scrub Resistance | Satisfactory |
As an accredited VAc-Acrylate Emulsion for Interior Latex Paint factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 200 kg drums or 1,000 kg IBC totes, tightly sealed, labeled, and ready for interior latex paint formulation. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL: VAc-Acrylate emulsion in drums/IBCs, palletized, secured, with proper labeling for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Ship VAc-Acrylate Emulsion in sealed, moisture-proof drums or IBC totes. Protect from freezing, extreme heat, and direct sunlight during transit. Use covered, dry containers with adequate ventilation. Secure loads properly to prevent leakage. Handle as a non-hazardous industrial chemical, following standard spill response and labeling requirements. |
| Storage | Store VAc-Acrylate Emulsion in tightly sealed original containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Protect from freezing (ideal 5–40°C) and from contamination. Keep containers off ground, clearly labeled, and separate from incompatible materials. Stir gently before use; avoid prolonged storage beyond manufacturer’s recommended shelf life. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months when stored sealed, cool, and above freezing; stir before use. |
High-PVC interior flat wall paint is the largest downstream segment for VAc-acrylate emulsion. Paint with PVC between 68% and 78% uses the emulsion primarily as a binder for ground calcium carbonate, calcined clay, and titanium dioxide. A representative 1,000 L batch contains 250–320 kg water, 8–15 kg polymeric dispersant, 100–160 kg titanium dioxide, 280–360 kg ground calcium carbonate, 40–80 kg calcined clay, 130–180 kg wet VAc-acrylate emulsion, 0–8 kg coalescent, 3–7 kg medium-viscosity hydroxyethyl cellulose, 1–2 kg in-can biocide, and 0.5–1.5 kg anionic surfactant. The millbase is dispersed in a 15 kW high-speed disperser with a 450 mm Cowles blade at 20–23 m/s tip speed until Hegman fineness reaches 4–5 under ISO 1524. The VAc-acrylate emulsion is introduced only after the millbase has cooled below 50 °C; letdown agitation is switched to a slow pitch-blade turbine at 100–150 rpm because high shear above 50 °C can destabilize vinyl acetate-rich copolymer dispersions. pH is adjusted to 8.0–9.0 with ammonia or 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; pH above 9.5 is avoided because acetate ester hydrolysis increases, producing acetic acid that can reduce thickener efficiency and cause yellowing in dried films. Finished high-PVC flat paint is checked for contrast ratio under ASTM D2805 above 0.95 at 400 µm wet film, 85° sheen under ASTM D523 below 5 units, and wet scrub resistance under ASTM D2486 between 150 and 350 cycles with a 0.25 kg weighted nylon brush and standardized scrub medium. VOC content is controlled below 30 g/L under EU Directive 2004/42/EC Category A/a for water-borne interior matt wall paints and verified below 50 g/L by ASTM D2369 for United States EPA AIM flat interior coatings.
The differentiation between interior latex endpoints using a single VAc-acrylate emulsion platform is summarized in the matrix below. Values represent starting-point formulation ranges for laboratory drawdowns and 1,000 L pilot batches, not optimized production lock-ins.
| Interior latex endpoint | PVC (%) | VAc-acrylate solids on total formula (wt%) | Coalescent on binder solids (%) | Stormer viscosity (KU) | Primary performance criterion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-PVC flat wall paint | 68–78 | 14–18 | 0–2 | 90–100 | ISO 11998 Class 3 film loss after 200 cycles |
| Ceiling flat | 60–72 | 12–16 | 0 | 95–105 | ASTM D4400 sag above 300 µm |
| Primer-sealer | 45–55 | 20–25 | 0–4 | 70–80 | ASTM D3359 cross-hatch 4A–5A |
| Low-odor low-VOC eggshell | 38–48 | 22–28 | 0–2 | 85–95 | ISO 11998 Class 2 film loss after 200 cycles |
| Tint base | 40–62 | 14–18 | 0–3 | 85–95 | ASTM D5326 rub-up ΔE<0.5 |
Airless application subjects VAc-acrylate paints to high shear rates at the spray tip. Piston pumps operating at 1,200–2,200 psi with reversible tungsten carbide tips of 0.015–0.019 in generate transient shear rates estimated at 10,000–20,000 s-1. The emulsion should maintain a mean particle size of 0.20–0.35 µm, a Brookfield LV viscosity of 2,000–5,000 mPa·s at 25 °C, and a finished-paint high-shear viscosity of 1.0–2.0 Pa·s at 10,000 s-1 using an ICI cone-and-plate viscometer. Formulation thickener combinations for spray use typically place Krebs viscosity at 85–95 KU on a Stormer viscometer; sag resistance measured by ASTM D4400 is maintained above 300 µm at 90 KU by pairing 3–6 kg/1,000 L medium-shear hydroxyethyl cellulose with 0.5–1.5 kg/1,000 L low-shear associative thickener. The manifold filter is sized at 60 mesh and the gun filter at 100–200 µm to protect the tungsten carbide tip from calcium carbonate agglomerates. Recirculation in production spray rigs can raise paint temperature above 35 °C and reduce pH by hydrolysis; pH should be monitored at 8.0–8.5 after 4 h of continuous recirculation, and cooling or fresh letdown adjustment should be applied if pH falls below 7.8. Spray-grade interior flat paint based on VAc-acrylate emulsion is applied at 10–15 m²/L wet film thickness of 100–150 µm per pass, with set-to-touch under 1 h at 23 °C and 50% RH; recoat interval is 2–4 h. End product is new-construction interior wall and ceiling flat sprayed over primed gypsum board.
Where reoccupancy within 24 h is specified for schools, healthcare corridors, and occupied residential repaint work, low-odour VAc-acrylate formulations use a minimum film-forming temperature below 10 °C to reduce coalescent demand. A 1,000 L low-VOC eggshell batch contains 200–260 kg wet VAc-acrylate emulsion, 100–150 kg titanium dioxide, 60–100 kg fine calcium carbonate, 25–40 kg extender clay, 0–5 kg low-odour coalescent, 5–10 kg rheology modifier, and 1–2 kg in-can biocide. Total VOC is held below 30 g/L using ISO 17895-1:2022 gas-chromatographic determination or EPA Method 24; low-emission performance is verified by CDPH v1.2 indoor air sampling at 96 h after application. Wet scrub resistance under ISO 11998:2006 remains within Class 2 film loss after 200 scrub cycles, while block resistance under ASTM D4946 is rated 4–5 on a 0–10 scale after 60 °C contact for 30 min. Alkylphenol ethoxylate-free surfactants are specified because EU Ecolabel requirements for indoor paints restrict APEO additives; formulation viscosity is set at 85–95 KU after 24 h equilibration to prevent brush drag and roller spatter. The paint is filled into low-permeability plastic containers at 20–30 °C, with storage maintained above 5 °C and below 35 °C to avoid freeze-thaw degradation. End product is low-odour interior eggshell or satin for occupied repaint and institutional maintenance painting.
For gypsum wallboard, tape joint compound, and previously coated interior surfaces, a VAc-acrylate primer-sealer is formulated at PVC 45–55% and VAc-acrylate solids at 20–25 wt% of total formula to seal porosity and equalize suction before flat or eggshell topcoats. A 1,000 L batch includes 200–280 kg water, 50–120 kg titanium dioxide, 150–250 kg ground calcium carbonate, 20–40 kg talc, 200–260 kg wet VAc-acrylate emulsion, 0–10 kg coalescent, 2–5 kg hydroxyethyl cellulose, and ammonia to pH 8.0–8.5. The slurry is dispersed with a high-speed dispermat to Hegman 4 under ISO 1524, cooled below 45 °C, and let down with the emulsion under a helical agitator at 80–120 rpm. Adhesion is determined by ASTM D3359 cross-hatch over dried gypsum and over existing alkyd with a rating of 4A–5A; wet adhesion is checked after 24 h immersion in deionized water. Fresh cementitious plaster is limited to surfaces aged at least 28 days or until surface pH measured by phenolphthalein indicator is below 10.0; application over higher-pH substrates can generate calcium carbonate efflorescence and loss of tape-joint bond. The primer is applied by 9.5 mm nap roller or airless spray at 8–12 m²/L and dry film thickness 25–50 µm. Recoat is permitted after 2–4 h at 23 °C and 50% RH. The finished primer-sealer is packaged for interior use below 30 g/L VOC content under EU Directive 2004/42/EC water-borne primer provisions.
Point-of-sale tint bases using VAc-acrylate emulsion are formulated as white, pastel, deep, and clear bases to accept 0–360 mL of universal colorant per 3.785 L. Titanium dioxide loading shifts from 200–250 kg/1,000 L in white base to 0–20 kg/1,000 L in deep-clear base, while VAc-acrylate solids remains at 14–18 wt% on total formula and PVC ranges from 40% to 62% depending on colorant load. Universal colorants introduce glycol and surfactant into the base after tinting; the formula reserves 2–4 kg/1,000 L of anionic dispersant above the grind demand and maintains an HLB of 13–15 to prevent phthalocyanine blue and carbon black flocculation. Colour development is evaluated by ASTM D5326 rub-up against a fully tinted standard, with ΔE under 0.5 measured by ASTM D2244; viscosity after 24 h tint equilibration is 85–95 KU on a Stormer viscometer. Gyroscopic shaker processing is limited to 5–10 min because longer agitation can destabilize viscosity in surfactant-rich deep bases; foam is controlled with 0.2–0.5 kg/1,000 L silicone-free defoamer added post-tinting. Hydrophobic associative thickener above 1.5 wt% on total formula causes colour rub-up failure in deep bases; hydroxyethyl cellulose or alkali-swellable emulsion thickeners are used instead. The tint base is filled into batch cans at 20–30 °C, and tinted paints are stored above 5 °C and below 35 °C to avoid freeze-thaw degradation. End product is retail and contractor point-of-sale tinted interior latex paint for wall and ceiling application.
Ceiling formulations based on VAc-acrylate emulsion target one-coat dry hide over gypsum board and joint compound, using PVC between 60% and 72% and VAc-acrylate solids at 12–16 wt% of total formula. A 1,000 L batch contains 280–340 kg water, 80–120 kg titanium dioxide, 300–380 kg coarse and fine calcium carbonate, 40–60 kg talc, 120–160 kg wet VAc-acrylate emulsion, 3–6 kg hydroxyethyl cellulose, and ammonia to pH 8.0–8.5. The formulation is produced under low-shear letdown below 50 °C to avoid destabilizing the emulsion; a Cowles disperser is used only for the pigment stage at 18–22 m/s tip speed. Contrast ratio under ASTM D2805 is above 0.95 at 400 µm wet film, and ASTM D523 85° sheen is below 3, preventing photometric highlighting of taped joints under critical lighting. Sag resistance measured by ASTM D4400 is held above 300 µm through low-shear thickener selection; high-shear ICI viscosity is 0.8–1.5 Pa·s at 10,000 s-1 for airless spray with 0.017–0.023 in tips. At 23 °C and 50% RH, set-to-touch occurs within 30–45 min and recoat is acceptable after 2 h. The finished ceiling paint is packaged with VOC content below 30 g/L under EU Directive 2004/42/EC water-borne interior matt ceiling coating limits. Published data for this specific configuration is limited to formulation development records; production lock-in requires laboratory drawdowns over actual joint compound because dry hide is influenced by substrate suction variance.
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The product designated IA-550 is a vinyl acetate–acrylate copolymer emulsion supplied as an anionic, surfactant-stabilized aqueous dispersion for interior latex paint. The non-volatile matter is 50 ± 1% by mass per ASTM D2369-20. Brookfield viscosity at 25 °C is 500–1500 mPa·s using spindle 3 at 60 rpm per ASTM D2196-20. The pH is 4.5–5.5 per ISO 976:2013, and density is 1.08 g/cm³ per ISO 2811-1:2016. The copolymer exhibits a glass transition temperature of approximately 18 °C and a minimum film formation temperature of 12 °C per ASTM D2354-10e1. These characteristics place the dispersion in the hard VAc-acrylate segment used for interior flat, eggshell, and low-sheen wall paints at pigment volume concentrations from 25% to 60%. The emulsion is intended as the primary binder in architectural latex paints where its coalescent demand is lower than that of styrene-acrylic dispersions and its block resistance is higher than that of vinyl acetate–ethylene binders. The product is not designed for exterior topcoats or high-alkali masonry without an appropriate sealer.
Scrub resistance in the dry film is governed by binder concentration, pigment volume concentration, and coalescent sufficiency. In high-PVC formulations at 55–60%, the critical pigment-volume concentration is approached and wet scrubbing damages the film through interstitial water ingress and pigment-binder debonding. Published data for VAc-acrylate interior flat paints at 35–40 PVC indicate wet scrub resistance of 300–800 cycles when tested per ASTM D2486-17. At 55 PVC, values typically fall below 200 cycles unless calcined clay or opaque polymer reduces binder demand. The failure mode observed on production-scale formulation records is loss of film thickness at the scrub path edges, often associated with under-coalescence rather than bulk binder hydrolysis. Formulators compensate by maintaining coalescent at 3–5% on binder solids and avoiding excessive low-shear viscosity, which can delay film coalescence in thick films. Wet adhesion to aged alkyd primers is evaluated per ASTM D3359-17; ratings below 4B after 24 h water immersion generally indicate insufficient wetting or excessive surfactant exudation.
On high-speed dispersers equipped with Cowles blades operating at tip speeds of 18–20 m/s, the pigment grind is prepared without the IA-550 binder. The binder is added in the letdown phase below 40 °C and at reduced tip speed of 5–7 m/s. Addition during the grind phase has produced shear-induced destabilization and microgrit formation in batch records, visible as filter-clogging particles larger than 100 µm on a 50 µm in-line screen. Because the dispersion is anionically stabilized, multivalent cations and high-acid-value dispersants can strip surfactant from the latex particle surface. The pH after letdown is adjusted to 8.5–9.5 with 28% aqueous ammonia or 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; adjustment above 9.5 has been associated with viscosity drift and increased biological susceptibility in cellulose-thickened paints.
Storage in iron or unlined steel tanks at temperatures above 40 °C accelerates vinyl acetate hydrolysis to acetic acid, lowering pH and increasing conductivity. Storage at 5–35 °C and pH 4.5–5.5 minimizes hydrolysis. The IA-550 dispersion must be protected from freezing because polymer particles coagulate irreversibly after ice-crystal rupture; the typical failure in a frozen product is gelation and grit, not reversible thinning. Formulated paints based on IA-550 can achieve 3 freeze-thaw cycles per ASTM D2243-20 when protected with 4–6% propylene glycol or an appropriate freeze-thaw additive. Headspace analysis for residual vinyl acetate monomer per ISO 13741-1:1998 is typically below 0.1%. The product is APEO-free and does not contain intentionally added formaldehyde-releasing biocides.
Rheology modification in IA-550-based paints follows associative and cellulosic thickener mechanisms. With HEUR thickeners at 0.3–0.6% on total formulation, high-shear viscosity measured at 10,000 s⁻¹ by cone/plate per ISO 2884-1:2006 is typically 0.8–1.2 Pa·s for brush application. With hydroxyethylcellulose thickeners, Stormer viscosity per ASTM D562-10 is adjusted to 90–110 KU; sag resistance per ASTM D4400-18 at 24–28 mils wet film remains acceptable above 95 KU. The conflict between low-shear viscosity and sag resistance is mitigated by adding an acrylic alkali-swellable thickener, but addition of alkali-swellable thickeners before pH adjustment can generate microflocculation at pH below 7.
Representative specification ranges are listed in the following table. These values are batch-release targets; certificates of analysis provide lot-specific data.
| Property | Typical value | Test method |
| Non-volatile matter, % by mass | 50 ± 1 | ASTM D2369-20 |
| pH at 25 °C | 4.5–5.5 | ISO 976:2013 |
| Brookfield viscosity at 25 °C, spindle 3, 60 rpm | 500–1500 mPa·s | ASTM D2196-20 |
| Density, g/cm³ | 1.08 | ISO 2811-1:2016 |
| Minimum film formation temperature, °C | 12 | ASTM D2354-10e1 |
| Glass transition temperature, °C | 18 | ISO 11357-2:2020 |
| Average particle size, nm | 250 | ISO 22412:2017 |
| Residual vinyl acetate monomer, % | <0.1 | ISO 13741-1:1998 |
IA-550 has a minimum film formation temperature of 12 °C, so film formation at application temperatures below 15 °C requires temporary plasticization. The low-VOC formulation conflict arises because conventional coalescents such as 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate contribute to volatile organic compound content per ASTM D3960-21 and fall under EU Directive 2004/42/EC. The Phase B limit for interior matt wall and ceiling paints is 30 g/L, while interior glossy paints are limited to 100 g/L. To achieve <50 g/L VOC, formulators reduce coalescent demand by using reactive diluents or higher-boiling coalescents exempt in some jurisdictions, but water resistance and early scrub development may be retarded. At 10 °C, a coalescent level of 3–5% on binder solids is typically required for continuous film formation; below 2%, paints display cracking under tensile strain and reduced gloss development in eggshell sheens. Differential scanning calorimetry of coalesced films per ISO 11357-2:2020 shows depressed glass transition temperature immediately after dry, with recovery to 14–16 °C after 7 days at 23 °C as coalescent migration occurs. Compliance testing per ISO 11890-2:2020 or ASTM D3960-21 must account for the contribution of ammonia used for pH adjustment; ammonia is considered a volatile organic compound in some regulatory schemes but is excluded in others.
Published data for this specific IA-550 configuration is limited. The following table provides representative screening ranges from equivalent VAc-acrylate binders and comparison platforms in an interior eggshell formulation at 30 PVC and 35% volume solids. Lot-specific data should be established before scale-up.
| Property | VAc-Acrylate IA-550 | VAE | Pure acrylic | Styrene-acrylic |
| Typical glass transition temperature, °C | 18 | 0–10 | 5–30 | 15–35 |
| Typical minimum film formation temperature, °C | 12 | 0–5 | 0–20 | 15–25 |
| Wet scrub resistance at 30 PVC, cycles, ASTM D2486-17 | 400–800 | 200–400 | 800–1500 | 400–700 |
| Block resistance at 60 °C, ASTM D4946-89 | moderate | low-moderate | high | moderate |
| Wet adhesion to aged alkyd, ASTM D3359-17 | 4B–5B | 3B–4B | 5B | 4B–5B |
| 60° gloss at 30 PVC, ASTM D523-14 | 60–75 | 50–65 | 70–85 | 65–80 |
| Exterior durability | not recommended | limited | recommended | limited-moderate |
| Relative formulation cost | 100 | 85–95 | 130–150 | 90–100 |
The principal differences between IA-550 and VAE are hardness and block resistance. VAE binders with glass transition temperatures of 0–10 °C produce films with lower minimum film formation temperature but exhibit lower block resistance at 60 °C and higher water sensitivity. IA-550 raises wet scrub and gloss at equal PVC but requires coalescent below 15 °C. Compared with pure acrylic, IA-550 shows lower exterior durability and lower alkali resistance because the vinyl acetate repeat unit undergoes hydrolysis under hot alkaline conditions, generating acetic acid and reducing molecular weight. Styrene-acrylic dispersions can provide greater water resistance and lower raw-material cost, but they may yellow on light exposure and may show lower wet adhesion to aged alkyd substrates. IA-550 is selected for interior applications where wet adhesion and low-VOC compliance are controlling.
IA-550 should not be combined with amine-based additives that raise pH above 9.5 before letdown because neutralization of acetic acid groups can generate anionic charge density that increases low-shear viscosity and destabilizes the dispersion. The emulsion is incompatible with solventborne alkyd driers and high-acid styrene-maleic dispersants at concentrations above 0.5% on pigment. Because VAc-acrylate backbones undergo slow hydrolysis under moist, alkaline conditions, exterior exposure and continuous high-humidity environments are outside the intended use. Regulatory status includes compliance with REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and no intentionally added APEO; residual nonylphenol ethoxylate content is below the 0.1% restriction in REACH Annex XVII entry 46. Formulated paints for interior use must be tested by the coating manufacturer for VOC content per ASTM D3960-21 or ISO 11890-2:2020, wet scrub resistance per ASTM D2486-17, and freeze-thaw stability per ASTM D2243-20 before commercial release.
