| HS Code | 537014 |
| Product Type | Vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer emulsion |
| Appearance | Milky white liquid |
| Solids Content | 55% by weight |
| Viscosity | 1500 cps (Brookfield RVT, #4 spindle, 20 rpm, 25°C) |
| Ph | 5.0 |
| Density | 1.08 g/cm³ (9.0 lb/gal) |
| Glass Transition Temperature Tg | 0°C |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature Mfft | 0°C |
| Particle Size | 0.5 μm typical |
| Residual Monomer | <0.5% vinyl acetate |
| Shelf Life | 6 months when stored at 10-30°C |
As an accredited Dur-O-Set C-335 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Dur-O-Set C-335 is supplied in 55-gallon drums, a vinyl acetate ethylene copolymer emulsion, ready for industrial use. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Dur-O-Set C-335 is packed in drums, palletized, and securely stowed in a 20-foot FCL container to prevent shifting during transit. |
| Shipping | Dur-O-Set C-335 is an aqueous polymer emulsion shipped in drums, IBC totes, or bulk tankers. Protect from freezing and excessive heat; store between 40–100°F. It is non-hazardous for transport under DOT when properly labeled. Avoid contamination and keep containers sealed to maintain stability and shelf life. |
| Storage | Store Dur-O-Set C-335 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Keep the container tightly closed to prevent contamination and evaporation. Avoid freezing; protect from temperatures above 50°C to maintain stability. Use proper bonding and grounding when transferring to prevent static discharge. Follow all local regulations for safe storage. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 6 months from manufacture when stored properly, protected from freezing, and kept between 40–90°F. |
Dur-O-Set C-335 is a self-crosslinking vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer emulsion supplied for nonwoven and paper converting applications. It is handled as an anionic binder dispersion with a pH of 4.5–5.5 and typical delivery solids of approximately 52%. Freeze-thaw stability is not claimed, and storage below 0 °C must be avoided. The following application scenarios are separated by converting method and expected downstream performance boundary, not by end-use certification.
In air-laid cellulosic web formation for household and industrial wipes, Dur-O-Set C-335 is introduced as a spray- or foam-applied binder at addition levels of 18–25 wt% solids calculated on final fabric mass. The lower boundary is set by wet tensile retention after 24 h water immersion, evaluated under EDANA/INDA WSP 70.5; production trials on a 60 g/m² fluff pulp/polyethylene terephthalate blend showed that webs treated below 18 wt% lost more than 40% of dry tensile strength when rewet, producing fiber release during repeated high-rub wiping cycles. The upper boundary is constrained by absorbent capacity and bending stiffness: at binder solids above 25 wt%, film bridges between cellulose junctions reduce strike-through time and increase stiffness, which is process-limiting for consumer wipe converting. The curing sequence uses a through-air oven with web surface temperature of 130–150 °C for 60–120 s; thermocouple profiling is required because surface skinning occurs when the first drying zone exceeds 160 °C before 40% of initial moisture has evaporated. In humid production locations where incoming web moisture exceeds 10%, drying capacity must be increased by 15–20% to maintain the same cure profile. Production-scale failure modes include nozzle clogging when unfiltered emulsion is processed through spray booths with orifice diameters below 0.5 mm; a 100 mesh bag filter upstream reduces particulate above 150 µm and lowers grit-related line stops. Terminal product types include dry household dusting wipes, moist toilet tissue, and adult incontinence acquisition layers. The relevant chemical control framework is EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, and for wipes intended to remain on skin the finished nonwoven is assessed under OECD Test No. 439 only after downstream preservative and lotion introduction. Material-level cytotoxicity is evaluated by the converter under ISO 10993-5 when medical end use is claimed.
Hydroentangled carded webs of 45–55 g/m² containing viscose and polyethylene terephthalate staple fiber are overprint-bonded with C-335 at 3–6 g/m² dry binder solids through a rotogravure print unit installed after the main drying section. The dry add-on is measured gravimetrically after the final steam-can pass and expressed as mass per unit area rather than percent of fabric mass because the base web has already been hydroentangled and drying shrinkage changes basis weight. The gravure cylinder is specified with 40–60 mesh chrome-plated screens; line speed is limited to 120–180 m/min for the tested configurations because higher speeds trap binder at the fabric surface and produce visible strike-through on the reverse side. Binder surface tension is monitored by du Noüy ring at 30–40 mN/m; a surface tension above 40 mN/m reduces gravure pick-up by 10–20% and produces intermittent dry spots. The printed fabric passes through a flat belt oven at 135–150 °C for 20–40 s to trigger crosslinking without yellowing cellulosic fibers; residual moisture above 8% at the oven exit causes blocking in wound rolls. Terminal products include surgical drapes and face mask outer layers; the finished article is tested under EN 13795-1 for particulate cleanliness and ISO 9073-3 for tensile strength after steam sterilization. The process is subject to EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, and medical-use converters verify biocompatibility of the finished device under ISO 10993-5.
Mechanically foamed C-335 at blow ratios of 1:8 to 1:15 yields wet foam densities of 50–120 g/L and is applied through a knife-over-roll coater to air-laid webs of 55–90 g/m². The addition level is 6–12 wt% binder solids on web mass; this range limits moisture uptake in the wet web and avoids collapse of the air-laid structure under the applicator. Because the emulsion is anionic, foam generation with rotor speeds above 1,500 rpm or pH depression below 4.0 creates visible coagulum, increasing pressure drop across the foam distribution manifold and producing streaks. Foam half-life is measured by drainage of 100 mL initial liquid in a 600 mL graduated cylinder and must remain between 5 and 15 min; if half-life falls below 5 min, wet edge migration produces streaks, while a half-life above 15 min produces excessive collapse at the knife. Curing uses a gas-fired tenter at 140 °C for 45–90 s; the foam must be dried to below 5% residual moisture before the second tenter zone to prevent shrinkage. Fabric performance is characterized by loop tensile of 35–60 N/25 mm under ISO 9073-3 and wet tensile retention under WSP 70.5. Terminal products include air-laid tabletop pads, absorbent pads, and pet wipes. VOC release is tested by US EPA Method 24; compliance is assessed under EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 and REACH Annex XVII restrictions on restricted substances.
Wet-laid filtration media impregnated with C-335 show a nonlinear falloff in initial efficiency when binder add-on exceeds 12–15 wt% relative to dry sheet mass. On a fourdrinier or inclined wire pilot line, C-335 is introduced at the size press as a diluted bath of 8–14% solids; the wet pick-up is adjusted to leave 10–15 wt% dry binder on the sheet. Lower add-on fails internal bond tests and reduces pleat formation, while higher add-on decreases air permeability by more than 20% at a face velocity of 2.0 m/s when tested under ISO 9237. After size press application, the web passes over steam-heated cans at 120–135 °C for 30–60 s; final cure is not required for all filtration grades because the binder functions primarily as a stiffening and pleat-holding agent rather than a crosslinked barrier. Binder migration during drying is controlled by limiting the first can surface temperature to 110 °C until 50% of the applied water has evaporated. Terminal products include pleated HVAC filter media, cabin air filter substrates, and vacuum cleaner bag paper. The filtration performance is classified under ISO 16890-1:2016; particle removal efficiency is measured with DEHS aerosol and optical particle counting across the 0.3–10 µm range. For food-contact filtration uses, the finished paper may be evaluated under FDA 21 CFR 176.170 by the converter.
| Application method | Binder solids | Cure condition | Key test method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spray saturation air-laid | 18–25 wt% | 130–150 °C, 60–120 s | WSP 70.5 |
| Rotogravure overprint | 3–6 g/m² | 135–150 °C, 20–40 s | EN 13795-1, ISO 9073-3 |
| Foam knife-over-roll | 6–12 wt% | 140 °C, 45–90 s | ISO 9073-3 |
| Size press filtration | 10–15 wt% | 120–135 °C, 30–60 s | ISO 16890-1, ISO 9237 |
| High-basis-weight saturation | 15–22 wt% | 130 °C, 60–180 s | WSP 70.5, ISO 9073-3 |
High-basis-weight air-laid cores of 80–150 g/m² for feminine hygiene and underpads are saturation-bonded at 15–22 wt% binder solids on dry fabric mass. Thermal profiling with a 10-thermocouple web probe showed that web surface temperatures below 110 °C at the oven midpoint leave wet tensile retention below 60% of dry tensile; increasing residence time from 60 s to 180 s at 130 °C raises retention to above 80% under WSP 70.5. A two-stage cure profile with an initial infrared preheater at 40–60% emitter output prevents case hardening; if the first zone surface temperature exceeds 160 °C, a crosslinked surface film seals moisture and the core reaches only 95–105 °C, producing delamination during subsequent embossing. Production-scale twin-roll saturation with vacuum extraction controls wet add-on to ±2 wt%; batch-to-batch variation is monitored by solids content of the recirculated bath using an inline microwave consistency transmitter calibrated against oven-dry weight. Binder bath pH is maintained between 4.5 and 5.5; dosing with strong acid should be avoided because local pH below 3.5 produces gel specks. Terminal products include ultra-thin feminine hygiene pads, adult incontinence underpads, and wound care absorbent layers. The referenced test methods are ISO 9073-3 and WSP 70.5; wound contact finished materials are evaluated under ISO 10993-5 by the finished device manufacturer.
For needled nonwoven interlinings of 30–60 g/m² used in apparel waistbands and collar stabilizers, C-335 is applied by low-liquor spray at 5–10 wt% binder solids on fabric mass. Spray booths equipped with ultrasonic nozzle heads deliver droplet sizes of 20–40 µm; droplet size above 60 µm causes surface pooling and visible resin spots after pressing. The web passes through a stenter at 110–130 °C for 30–90 s; lower temperatures do not fully develop dry-cleaning resistance when the finished interlining is tested under ISO 3175-2 using perchloroethylene. Binder penetration depth is evaluated by cross-section iodine staining and optical microscopy; a penetration of 50–80% of fabric thickness is targeted to retain soft hand while preventing fiber migration. Terminal products include fusible apparel interlinings, shoe counters, and furniture deck pads. Compliance is checked against OEKO-TEX Standard 100 class limits established by the finished article manufacturer; chemical control under EU Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 applies. Published data for this specific product in needled interlining at line speeds above 100 m/min is limited; pilot-scale prequalification is required.
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Dur-O-Set C-335 is supplied as an aqueous dispersion of a carboxylated vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer, stabilized with a nonionic/anionic surfactant package. The product is typically delivered at 54.0–56.0% solids, with a pH of 4.0–5.0 and a Brookfield RVT viscosity of 200–800 mPa·s at 25 °C using spindle 3 at 20 rpm per ISO 2555. Glass transition temperature measured by ASTM E1356 is 0 ± 2 °C, and minimum film formation temperature is below 2 °C; these values permit ambient coalescence without high external plasticizer loadings. The product is used in nonwoven binder systems, paper saturation, textile finishing, and adhesive compounding. Batch-to-batch variation in pH and viscosity should be verified against the certificate of analysis because carboxylic acid monomer distribution affects shear response and crosslink density.
At incoming inspection, solids content is verified by ISO 3251 using a 2 g sample dried at 105 °C for 3 h. pH is measured with a calibrated electrode per ISO 976, and viscosity is determined at 25.0 ± 0.5 °C after 24 h conditioning. Coarse grit retention on a 100 µm sieve must remain below 0.01% to prevent coating streaks in gravure application. If received pH is below 3.8 or above 5.5, the batch is quarantined for crosslinker compatibility testing because the acid-sensitive stabilization responds nonlinearly outside that window.
Addition of a latent crosslinker or use of the carboxyl functionality with external glyoxal or melamine-formaldehyde resins modifies tensile development. In laboratory drawdown films dried at 80 °C for 10 min, tensile strength measured per ASTM D638-14 reaches 3.0–4.5 MPa; cure at 130 °C for 3 min raises tensile strength to 5.0–6.5 MPa and reduces elongation at break from 400–600% to 150–300%, consistent with crosslink formation. Processing on high-velocity air-through dryers at 135–150 °C with residence times of 60–120 s yields sufficient cure for nonwoven binder applications. The pH must be maintained above 3.5 during catalyst addition; acid-driven destabilization leads to filter-plugging in 25 µm bag filtration systems. Avoid direct addition of zinc sulfate or calcium chloride solutions above 0.1 wt% based on binder solids, as rapid ionic gelation occurs. At relative humidity above 60%, pre-drying of cellulosic substrates to 6–8% moisture is required before binder application to prevent film blistering and uneven crosslink distribution.
Conventional PVAc homopolymer binders show dry tensile strength that drops by 50–70% after 1 h water immersion because the polymer is highly plasticized by water and lacks internal crosslinks. Dur-O-Set C-335 contains ethylene comonomer sequences that reduce hydrolytic susceptibility and carboxyl groups that can coordinate to cellulosic fiber surfaces or react with external crosslinkers. Published data for this specific configuration is limited to manufacturer technical bulletins; however, comparative testing using ISO 9073-3 on 45 g/m² carded viscose webs with 15% binder add-on indicates wet tensile retention greater than 70%, whereas a plasticized PVAc homopolymer control retains 30–40%. The lower glass transition temperature eliminates the need for dibutyl phthalate or benzoate plasticizer, reducing volatile organic compound content to < 0.1% by EPA Method 24 in formulated compounds.
| Parameter | Dur-O-Set C-335 | Plasticized PVAc homopolymer control | Conventional VAE copolymer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glass transition temperature | 0 ± 2 °C | 28–30 °C | -10–0 °C |
| Minimum film formation temperature | < 2 °C | 18–20 °C | 0–2 °C |
| Wet tensile retention after 1 h soak | > 70% | 30–40% | 50–60% |
| Residual vinyl acetate monomer | < 0.10% | < 0.10% | < 0.20% |
On production-scale hydroentanglement lines operating at 120–180 m/min, the binder is applied by kiss roll or foam to achieve 10–18% dry add-on on fiber. Accumulated foam in the recirculation sump has been traced to excessive mechanical shear when rotary screens exceed 900 rpm; defoamer selection based on 0.05–0.15% active content on wet binder prevents pinhole defects in saturated nonwovens. The emulsion exhibits shear-thinning behavior with viscosity recovery within 30 s after shearing at 1000 s⁻¹, allowing stable gravure and reverse roll coating without ribbing. Dryer temperature above 160 °C causes yellowing and loss of wet tensile due to over-crosslinking and degradation of ethylene segments; exhaust moisture should maintain 10–12% relative humidity in the final zone. A 2.5 m wide line with twin kiss roll at 0.15 MPa nip pressure provides uniform add-on distribution across the web, with cross-machine variation held below ± 1.5%.
Formaldehyde release in nonwoven hygiene products is measured by AATCC 112 or ISO 14184-1. In formulations where Dur-O-Set C-335 is combined with glyoxal-based crosslinkers, residual formaldehyde can exceed 16 µg/g unless acetoacetamide or urea scavengers are added at 0.5–1.5 wt% on binder solids. Trials on a 1.2 m wide saturated airlaid line with 18% binder add-on showed that adding 1.0 wt% urea reduces free formaldehyde to < 5 µg/g without lowering wet tensile below 60% retention. Compliance with FDA 21 CFR 176.170 and 176.180 is possible for indirect food contact when the dried film is fully cured and residual monomer is below 0.10%; direct food contact is not recommended. For filtration media, binder add-on should remain at 12–15% to avoid excessive pressure drop; published data for specific filter grades is limited.
| Requirement | Method or regulation | Typical value |
|---|---|---|
| Free formaldehyde | AATCC 112 | < 5–16 µg/g depending on scavenger |
| Residual vinyl acetate monomer | Internal gas chromatography | < 0.10% |
| Indirect food contact | FDA 21 CFR 176.170 / 176.180 | Cured film only |
| VOC content | EPA Method 24 | < 0.1% formulated |
Dur-O-Set C-335 can be compounded into waterborne laminating adhesives for paper and board where EN 204 durability class D2 is required. Addition of 5–10 phr of a phthalate-free benzoate plasticizer reduces open time to 60–90 s on 40 g/m² kraft at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity. Peel adhesion tested by ASTM D903-98(2017) on polyethylene terephthalate film to paperboard yields 1.5–2.5 N/cm with fiber tear. The formulation must avoid amine-based additives because they raise pH above 6.0 and retard acid-catalyzed crosslinking; ammonium hydroxide additions above 0.2 wt% cause a viscosity increase of 300–500% within 24 h. This high pH response differs from standard VAE grades and provides a process control marker for blend contamination. Storage stability under 5–35 °C is 6 months in sealed containers; freeze-thaw cycling below 0 °C causes irreversible grit formation above 100 µm.
Viscosity of Dur-O-Set C-335 is controlled by pH-sensitive carboxyl groups. Increasing pH from 4.0 to 6.5 with sodium hydroxide raises Brookfield viscosity from 300 mPa·s to 1,200–2,500 mPa·s and produces a thixotropic rheology suitable for airless spray application. At pH 7.0, the dispersion becomes translucent and the particle size distribution broadens from 0.25–0.60 µm to 0.45–1.20 µm, indicating particle swelling rather than coagulation; this state remains mechanically stable under a Cowles high-shear disperser with a 40 mm blade at 3,000 rpm for 15 min, corresponding to a tip speed of approximately 6.3 m/s. Addition of borax or boric acid above 0.2% is not recommended because gelation with polyvinyl alcohol stabilizer can occur. The product is compatible with styrene-butadiene and acrylic emulsions at blend ratios up to 30%; phase separation appears above this level when the other latex pH differs by more than 1.5 units.
Paper saturation with Dur-O-Set C-335 at 20–30% resin pick-up on 80 g/m² phenolic-free filter base stock increases wet tensile index by 25–40% when measured by ISO 3781. The low minimum film formation temperature allows saturation at 40–50 °C without external plasticizer, minimizing volatile organic compound emissions during drying. In textile print paste, the emulsion serves as a low-crock binder at 8–12% solids in paste; dry crock fastness of 4–5 on the AATCC 8 scale is obtained after curing at 140 °C for 2 min. Saturation bath solids are maintained at 20–25%, and nip pressure of 2 bar on a two-roll padder prevents excess liquor carryover that would raise drying demand and increase binder migration to the sheet surface.
