| HS Code | 884561 |
| Chemical Composition | Vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer |
| Physical Form | Free-flowing white powder |
| Bulk Density | 400-600 g/L |
| Particle Size | ≤10% residue on 125 μm sieve |
| Solids Content | 99% ± 1% |
| Ash Content | ≤15% |
| Ph Value | 6.0-8.0 (10% aqueous dispersion) |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature | 0°C to 5°C |
| Water Redispersibility | Forms a stable emulsion upon mixing with water |
| Tensile Adhesion Strength | ≥1.0 MPa in cement-based mortar |
| Flexural Strength | ≥5.0 MPa in standard mortar blend |
| Water Resistance | Retains at least 70% of initial adhesion after water immersion |
| Viscosity | 1000-3000 mPa·s in 10% aqueous solution |
| Storage Stability | Stable for 12 months in original sealed packaging |
As an accredited DA-1400 VAE Copolymer RDP factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | DA-1400 VAE Copolymer RDP is packaged in 25 kg multi-wall paper bags with inner plastic liner for moisture protection. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | DA-1400 VAE Copolymer RDP loaded in 20′ FCL: palletized, shrink-wrapped bags, container stuffed securely to prevent shifting during transit. |
| Shipping | DA-1400 VAE Copolymer RDP is shipped as a free-flowing powder in 25 kg multi-layer paper bags or 1000 kg bulk bags on pallets, shrink-wrapped for protection. Keep sealed, dry, and away from moisture during transit. Non-hazardous, suitable for standard container or truck transport. |
| Storage | Store DA-1400 VAE Copolymer RDP in its original, unopened packaging in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from moisture, rain, direct sunlight, and high temperatures. Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use. Avoid excessive pressure or stacking damage. Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically 12 months from manufacture. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is 12 months from production when stored unopened in a cool, dry place. |
In C2-class tile adhesives used with porcelain stoneware conforming to ISO 10545-3 water absorption class BIa (≤0.5%), DA-1400 VAE copolymer RDP is dry-blended at 2.0–4.0 wt% of total formulation. The binder system commonly contains CEM I 42.5 R at 30–40 wt%, graded silica sand 0.1–0.6 mm at 55–65 wt%, and cellulose ether at 0.3–0.5 wt%. During wet mixing in a 5 m³ ribbon mixer with a shear tip speed of 3–5 m/s, redispersion of DA-1400 should occur within 60–120 seconds; incomplete redispersion produces agglomerates that lower wet-film cohesion and reduce open-time tensile pull-off. The critical process window is the velocity of water uptake by the substrate. On low-porosity porcelain, water remains at the interface longer, delaying film coalescence while cement hydration proceeds. On high-suction aerated block, water loss accelerates skin formation before polymer film interpenetration. Open-time adhesion is evaluated according to EN 12004-2:2017, Table 1; classified C2 adhesives must retain ≥1.0 MPa tensile adhesion after water immersion, heat ageing, and freeze-thaw cycling. Production batches formulated with DA-1400 at 3.0 wt% and mixing water locked at 22–24 wt% are expected to remain above 1.0 MPa at 30-minute open time, but validation on the actual substrate is required. Dry blending is conducted at 21–23°C and below 60% relative humidity; if silica sand moisture exceeds 0.2%, the powder may pre-coagulate and form rubbery lumps during screw conveying.
The ETICS/EIFS base coat is typically batch-blended from white or grey CEM I 42.5 at 25–35 wt%, graded calcium carbonate or quartz at 60–70 wt%, cellulose ether at 0.3–0.5 wt%, and DA-1400 VAE copolymer RDP at 2.0–4.0 wt%. The dry powder is mixed with water at 20–24 wt% to obtain a spreadable mortar applied over expanded polystyrene at 3–5 mm thickness with a toothed trowel; glass fibre mesh is embedded within the first 50–70% of the wet layer thickness. Production-scale experience shows that insufficient RDP below 2.0 wt% results in fibre imprinting and reduced impact resistance after 7-day ambient curing, while above 4.0 wt% the fresh mortar may stiffen on continuous mixer blades due to surface film formation. The hardened base coat must demonstrate adhesion to EPS, tensile strength of the composite, and 3–10 J impact resistance under EAD 040083-00-0404 and EN 13499. DA-1400 contributes to crack-bridging capacity by lowering the glass transition temperature of the cementitious matrix, which is relevant when the top coat is exposed to 80°C surface temperature and −20°C winter cycling. Avoid combination with calcium aluminate cement accelerators that shift pH outside the typical stability window for VAE latex film; published data for this specific configuration is limited, and such combinations should be pre-tested for 28-day tensile adhesion.
Self-levelling cementitious underlayments are applied at 3–10 mm thickness over concrete, and DA-1400 is dry-blended at 0.5–2.0 wt% when the objective is to maintain flow while improving surface tensile strength and edge feathering. The water-to-powder ratio is maintained between 0.20 and 0.22; flow ring test according to ASTM C1708/C1708M-19 typically requires an initial spread of 140–160 mm for pumpable formulations. Above 2.0 wt% DA-1400, apparent viscosity at 50 s⁻¹ increases sharply, and the mix may retain entrained air in small bubbles that do not release. Defoamer dosage must then be adjusted within 0.05–0.15 wt% on a dry-weight basis. Plant records show that the most common cause of batch rejection is overdosing polymer powder while compensating for high sand surface moisture, producing a thixotropic peak that collapses only after 20–30 seconds of high-shear mixing. Continuous twin-shaft mixers with a residence time below 45 seconds should be avoided if the powder is fed downstream of the cementitious stream. Hardened underlayment is assessed under EN 13813; for typical 3 mm applications, compressive strength class C25 to C40 and flexural strength class F5 to F7 are commonly specified. Addition of DA-1400 shifts the failure mode from brittle surface dusting to cohesive polymer-modified failure when a 1 kg steel scratching tool is drawn across the cured surface.
Gypsum-based joint compounds and patching plasters represent a different inorganic binder environment, where DA-1400 is introduced at 1.0–3.0 wt% of dry powder to improve adhesion to paper tape and painted edges while retaining sandability. The setting reaction of gypsum proceeds via calcium sulphate hemihydrate rehydration, and the polymer film must not impede water transport to the plaster crystal surface. Formulations with DA-1400 above 3.0 wt% often exhibit delayed knife-cutting hardness at 24 h when evaluated under ASTM C474-15. In production-scale mixing, the RDP is pre-blended with 0.2–0.5 wt% cellulose ether, 0.1–0.3 wt% retarding or accelerating plasticizer, and 60–70 wt% finely milled calcium carbonate or gypsum filler; water addition is 35–45 wt% of dry mix. The critical quality parameter is the tape-sanding test after 24 h under ASTM C475/C475M-17, where excessive softness or surface powdering indicates incomplete film coalescence due to ambient temperature below 5°C. Because joint compounds are sanded before paint application, the polymer must remain sufficiently brittle at room temperature to avoid streaking on sandpaper. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; factory trials with DA-1400 at 2.0 wt% and a 180-grit orbital sander produced no visible surface glazing at 150 mm/min traverse speed.
Cementitious waterproofing membranes are trowelled, brushed, or spray-applied to concrete substrates, and DA-1400 is incorporated at 3.0–8.0 wt% of total powder to produce a polymer-rich barrier after hydration. The governing standard for liquid-applied cementitious waterproofing products is EN 14891:2017; under this framework, the membrane must resist water penetration at a hydrostatic pressure of 0.5 bar for 24 h and maintain crack bridging under defined displacement. A two-coat application produces a nominal dry film thickness of 1.0–1.5 mm, with the second coat applied after the first reaches a firm set but before complete hydration to avoid delamination. DA-1400 lowers the modulus of the cured cementitious film, enabling crack bridging from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm depending on base formulation and reinforcement. Unreinforced films at the upper dosage of 8.0 wt% may remain tacky under humid conditions and should be verified for dust-free drying after 24 h. The most common field failure is overwatering the dry mix to maintain spray pump pressure, which drives effective polymer solids below the 4.0 wt% threshold and causes pinholes under backpressure. Incompatibility arises when high levels of calcium formate accelerators are used; the VAE film can swell after 7-day water immersion and reduce tensile adhesion below the 0.5 MPa requirement of EN 14891:2017. Accelerator dosage should therefore be capped at 0.5 wt% unless validated by the manufacturer.
Tile joint fillers and grouts encounter abrasion, staining, and aggressive cleaning agents. When DA-1400 is dry-blended at 1.5–4.0 wt% into cementitious grout conforming to ANSI A118.7 or EN 13888 CG2W requirements, the hardened joint becomes less permeable and less prone to pigment leaching. The powder is mixed with white or grey cement at 30–35 wt%, quartz or calcium carbonate aggregate at 55–65 wt%, and iron oxide pigments at 0.1–2.0 wt%; water addition is kept at 19–23 wt% to achieve a stiff, pressable consistency. Wet mixing in a high-torque planetary mixer for 60–90 seconds reveals whether the polymer disperses uniformly or forms small rubbery lumps visible as pinholes after the grout is struck from the tile edge. Cured grout is evaluated for water absorption after 30 min and flexural strength after 24 h under EN 12808-2 and EN 12808-3. Formulations with DA-1400 above 4.0 wt% can produce a sticky surface that collects traffic soil during the first 7 days. The polymer powder also widens the tolerances for cleaning time; production-scale installations using a wet sponge after 20–30 minutes experience fewer butt-joint washouts at 3.0 wt% dosage. Because acid-based tile cleaners degrade VAE, the final grout should not be specified for floors exposed to pH below 3.0 in continuous service unless sealed.
Polymer-modified repair mortars used for concrete reprofiling are formulated with DA-1400 at 2.0–6.0 wt% to improve adhesion to prepared concrete substrates and to lower the elastic modulus toward that of the base concrete. The binder typically includes CEM I 42.5 R or CEM II/A-M 42.5, silica fume or fly ash at 5–10 wt%, and graded quartz with a maximum aggregate size of 1.0–2.0 mm. To comply with EN 1504-3 class R2, the mortar must show a minimum compressive strength of 20 MPa and a minimum adhesion of 0.8 MPa by pull-off on a concrete substrate; class R3 requires 30 MPa and higher dimensional stability. DA-1400 at 4.0 wt% reduces 7-day drying shrinkage and shifts the pull-off failure from adhesive rupture to substrate-cohesive rupture when applied to a 5 mm notched surface prepared by sandblasting. Processing constraints include a wet mixing duration of 3–5 minutes in a standard paddle mixer; prolonged mixing above 8 minutes can aerate the mortar and reduce final compressive strength by 10–15%. The polymer film also restricts carbon dioxide penetration, delaying the pH drop at the steel reinforcement interface. Low-temperature application below 5°C is not recommended because film coalescence of VAE powders slows below that threshold, and published data for this specific configuration is limited.
| Application segment | Governing standard | Typical DA-1400 dosage | Critical verification parameter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cementitious tile adhesive | EN 12004-2:2017 / ISO 13007-1:2014 | 2.0–4.0 wt% | Tensile adhesion after water immersion and 20-minute open time |
| ETICS base coat | EAD 040083-00-0404 / EN 13499 | 2.0–4.0 wt% | Impact resistance on EPS |
| Self-levelling underlayment | EN 13813 / ASTM C1708/C1708M-19 | 0.5–2.0 wt% | Flow ring 140–160 mm |
| Gypsum joint compound | ASTM C475/C475M-17 | 1.0–3.0 wt% | Sandability and bond of tape |
| Cementitious waterproofing | EN 14891:2017 | 3.0–8.0 wt% | 0.5 bar hydrostatic pressure, crack bridging |
| Repair mortar | EN 1504-3 | 2.0–6.0 wt% | Pull-off adhesion and shrinkage |
| Tile grout | EN 13888 / ANSI A118.7 | 1.5–4.0 wt% | 30-minute water absorption and flexural strength |
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The model designation DA-1400 identifies a redispersible polymer powder based on a vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer dispersion. The powder is supplied as a free-flowing white solid in which individual polymer particles are protected by a polyvinyl alcohol colloid and separated by a mineral antiblocking agent. Upon mixing with water, the protective colloid rehydrates and the polymer particles redisperse; during cement hydration and air drying, the particles coalesce into a continuous elastic film. The ethylene comonomer lowers the glass transition temperature to approximately -7 °C to 0 °C, which provides low-temperature film formation without external coalescing solvents. The ethylene units also interrupt the polyvinyl acetate sequence, improving resistance to alkaline hydrolysis relative to unmodified polyvinyl acetate powders.
Table 1 lists representative physicochemical control ranges. These values reflect class-typical industrial ranges rather than a certified lot result; the lot certificate should be checked because published data for this specific configuration is limited.
| Property | Representative range | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White free-flowing powder | Visual |
| Bulk density | 400–600 g/L | ISO 60 |
| Sieve retention on 400 µm | ≤2.0% | ISO 3310-1 |
| Residual moisture | 1.0–2.0% | ISO 15512 |
| Ash content at 1000 °C | 8–13% | ISO 3451-1 |
| pH of 10% redispersion | 6.5–8.5 | ISO 787-9 |
| Minimum film formation temperature | 0–5 °C | ISO 2115 |
| Glass transition temperature | -7–0 °C | ISO 11357-2 second heating |
| Viscosity of 10% redispersion at 20 rpm | 50–300 mPa·s | Brookfield rotational viscometer |
In dry-mix cementitious tile adhesives classified under EN 12004 and ISO 13007-1, DA-1400 is commonly incorporated at 1.5–4.0 wt% of total dry mortar mass. The powder is introduced into a twin-shaft horizontal mixer after the cement and aggregates and before the free water; production-scale batches show that reverse addition can generate polymer-rich agglomerates that are not broken by a centrifugal lump breaker and may appear as surface imperfections after troweling. The PVA protective colloid provides wet tack and prolongs open time by reducing the rate of surface skin formation, while the ethylene segment imparts rubber-like deformation to the cured film. Adhesion is verified by EN 1348 initial tensile pull-off and after specified conditioning: water immersion at 20–23 °C for 7 d, heat ageing at 70 °C for 14 d, and freeze-thaw cycling. The obtained classification is formulation dependent; DA-1400 contributes to tensile strength and flexibility but does not by itself determine C2, S1, or S2 status.
The mixing temperature window in tile adhesive production is preferably 15–25 °C. At temperatures below 5 °C, the polymer film remains below its MFFT, and at temperatures above 35 °C, the open time drops rapidly due to accelerated surface water loss. Water dosage is trimmed to maintain a mortar consistency of 140–160 mm under EN 1015-3. The polymer addition reduces bulk density and may require an additional 0.05–0.20 wt% polysiloxane defoamer to keep air void content below 3% by volume under EN 1015-7.
Although the PVA protective colloid is nonionic, it is not completely inert toward cement hydration. Isothermal calorimetry studies on VAE powders of similar ethylene content show a delay in the main tricalcium silicate hydration peak of 1–3 h at 3.0 wt% addition relative to an unmodified mortar. The cumulative hydration heat after 24 h may remain within 5–10% of the control, after which the difference narrows. Film coalescence is driven by water removal from the capillary pore system; as free water is consumed by hydrated cement phases, the polymer particles pack, deform, and interdiffuse. The critical lower temperature for this process is the minimum film formation temperature. For DA-1400, the MFFT is typically 0–5 °C; below this range the polymer remains particulate, and crack bridging, adhesion, and water resistance are not fully developed. In a high-shear dissolver at 700–900 rpm, redispersion of the powder in a cement slurry is usually complete within 30–60 s, as indicated by less than 50 µm speck count on a Hegman gauge.
For exterior insulation and finishing system base coats, DA-1400 is added at 2.0–4.0 wt% to provide adhesion to expanded polystyrene and improve impact resistance. In a continuous dry-mix line with a twin-shaft mixer operating at 120–200 rpm, the powder is dry-blended with cement and fine filler before water addition. If the powder is injected simultaneously with the metering water, streaks of concentrated polymer solution can form on the mixer wall; these streaks are not easily corrected by extended mixing and may reduce tensile adhesion at the coat-substrate interface. The resulting base coat is checked for bond strength to EPS under EN 1348 or ETAG 004 after water immersion and heat-humidity ageing, and for crack bridging under EN 1062-7 when fire-protection or renovating systems are specified.
In cement-based self-leveling compounds regulated by EN 13813, the dosage of DA-1400 is held between 1.0–2.5 wt% to limit viscosity build-up and preserve flow. At higher addition levels, the PVA colloid raises the viscosity of the wet mix and can reduce the spread flow measured by ASTM C1708 below the required 140–160 mm for typical self-smoothing compounds. The powder increases tensile adhesion to prepared concrete but may reduce EN 196-1 compressive strength by an amount that depends on the cement content and water-to-cement ratio; no universal correction factor applies.
In repair mortars, the powder is used at 2.0–4.0 wt% to improve low-shrinkage behaviour and adhesion to damp substrates. On a vertical patch repair, field pull-off strengths measured after 7 d at 20 °C and 65% RH generally exceed 1.0 N/mm² when the concrete surface has been prepared by shot blasting and primed according to EN 1504-3. The product is not compatible with amine-based curing agents or solvent-borne primers, which can interfere with the PVA colloid and produce film delamination at the polymer-cement interface.
DA-1400 has a bulk density of 400–600 g/L, which is lower than Portland cement and silica sand. This density differential creates a segregation potential in long pneumatic conveying lines if the transport velocity exceeds 20 m/s. Production-scale experience shows that dense-phase conveying below 8 m/s and 1.5 bar reduces particle attrition and fines generation. The product is hygroscopic because of the PVA protective colloid; storage should be below 30 °C and below 60% relative humidity. In tropical warehouse conditions with nighttime condensation, open bags have developed a non-redispersible crust within 24 h. If residual moisture exceeds 2.0%, screw feeders may arch or block, causing batch-to-batch variance in polymer content. Pre-drying is performed in a fluidized-bed dryer at 40–50 °C, with an exhaust air dew point below -10 °C, to remove surface moisture without plasticizing the polymer particles.
The powder should not be combined with solvent-based wetting aids, strong oxidizing agents, or high-alkali sodium silicate solutions. These materials can destabilize the PVA colloid and cause premature flocculation before the polymer film can form. In silo installations, the powder hopper should have a minimum cone angle of 60° from horizontal and be equipped with a rotary valve rather than a slide gate to prevent bridging. Operators on production-scale dry-mix lines have observed that slide gates can pack the powder at the throat; rotary valves maintain discharge at a metered rate and reduce dusting. The bag weight loss should be monitored every 20–30 min during long production runs to detect early blockages in the loss-in-weight feeder.
The primary differences between DA-1400 and other redispersible polymer powders are observed after wet storage, alkaline exposure, freeze-thaw cycling, and long-term UV exposure. The distinction is chemical: ethylene is non-hydrolysable and hydrophobic enough to reduce water uptake, while acrylic esters provide greater hydrolysis resistance and UV stability, and butadiene-styrene powders provide high elastic recovery but limited color stability. Table 2 summarizes these comparative boundaries at the class level.
| Performance boundary | DA-1400 VAE RDP | VAc/VeoVa RDP | Acrylic RDP | SBR powder |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-temperature film formation | Good; MFFT 0–5 °C | Good; MFFT 0–5 °C | Excellent; MFFT frequently <0 °C | Formulation dependent |
| Alkaline hydrolysis resistance | Good | Moderate | Very good | Moderate; double bonds may oxidize |
| Water resistance after cure | Good | Moderate | Very good | Good |
| Adhesion to damp cementitious substrates | High | High | Moderate to high | High |
| UV and color stability | Good | Good | Excellent | Limited |
| Elongation at break of unblended film | Moderate; ethylene content dependent | Moderate | High | High |
Replacement of an acrylic RDP with DA-1400 in a cementitious repair mortar changes wet-state rheology and cured film elasticity. Because the PVA protective colloid is more hydrophilic than many acrylate stabilizers, the mix may show longer open time but lower initial viscosity at identical water demand; water dosage is typically reduced by 2–5% to maintain a mortar flow of 170–190 mm under EN 1015-3. In a comparative test of films cast from redispersions and dried for 7 d at 23 °C and 50% RH, DA-1400 produced lower elongation at break than an acrylic RDP under ISO 527-3, but showed higher adhesion to damp concrete after 7 d water immersion when evaluated by pull-off following EN 1542. A VeoVa-based powder may show lower water absorption at identical film thickness, but the VAE grade has a less tacky surface and easier powder handling in silos.
In tile adhesives, switching from a VAc/VeoVa powder to DA-1400 often requires adjustment of the cellulose ether dosage. The VAE powder contributes less initial viscosity, so the cellulose ether is increased by 0.02–0.05 wt% to maintain the same wet slump and troweling characteristics. Production line operators report that this adjustment prevents sag on vertical surfaces and reduces clean-up time on the trowel. The reverse substitution, from VAE to VeoVa, may require a slight reduction in water demand and closer monitoring of tack during the open-time window.
In flexible cementitious waterproofing membranes, DA-1400 is incorporated at 2.0–4.0 wt% to improve crack bridging under EN 14891 and EN 1062-7. The polymer film remains rubbery at ambient temperature, which allows the membrane to bridge hairline cracks up to 0.3–0.5 mm in class-typical formulations. However, film crack bridging is highly dependent on membrane thickness, curing conditions, and polymer content. For an impermeable barrier under hydrostatic pressure, a two-component polymer-modified system is preferred; DA-1400 is not a substitute for reactive bituminous or epoxy coatings.
In cementitious tile grouts, the powder is used at 1.0–2.0 wt% to reduce surface dusting and improve color consistency. The lower dosage reflects the need to maintain compressive strength and avoid excessive stickiness during tooling. Powder addition above 2.5 wt% can produce a sticky mix that adheres to rubber floats and increases cleaning time. Field observations from high-humidity installations indicate that the higher PVA content can remain slightly tacky after cure, which attracts dirt if not properly finished.
Exterior thin-layer cementitious coatings containing DA-1400 can show slight surface chalking after 1000 h of accelerated weathering under ASTM G154 cycle 1, whereas acrylic powder films generally retain more gloss and show less chalking. However, the VAE grade maintains better elastic recovery than SBR-modified mortars after 50 freeze-thaw cycles under ASTM C666 or EN 13687-5, provided the air void content is below 3% and the polymer content is not below 2.0 wt%. In a production-scale comparison of two repair mortars, the VAE-modified formulation had a lower reject rate after 28 d outdoor exposure because of reduced dusting at the surface, but it required stricter control of the water-to-powder ratio to prevent microcracking at the trowel finish. The operational boundary is not the powder itself but the formulation balance among air control, water dosage, and substrate moisture state. DA-1400 is not intended for continuous hydrostatic water exposure above 0.1 MPa or for chemically aggressive acid environments. Its adhesion retention is acceptable for intermittent water contact, but permanent immersion applications require a different polymer class or a reactive waterproofing system.
When used in cementitious grouts and waterproofing slurries, the powder reduces water uptake and improves scratch resistance, but formulators should avoid combining it with borate-containing setting retarders that can complex with the PVA colloid and reduce redispersibility. The powder is not classified as hazardous under REACH or CLP; compliance statements for food-contact and drinking-water applications require lot-specific testing against the relevant national approvals.
