| HS Code | 849769 |
| Appearance | Milky white liquid with slight blue tint |
| Solid Content | 55.0 ± 1.0 |
| Viscosity Mpa S 25 C | 3000–5000 |
| Ph | 4.5–5.5 |
| Glass Transition Temperature C | 0 |
| Minimum Film Formation Temperature C | 0 |
| Particle Size Nm | 500–1000 |
| Density G Cm³ 25 C | 1.06–1.08 |
| Surface Tension Mn M | 35–40 |
| Mechanical Stability | Excellent |
| Film Property | Flexible and clear |
As an accredited Dairen DA-104 VAE Emulsion factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Dairen DA-104 VAE Emulsion is packaged in 200 kg drums, providing a stable, water-based copolymer dispersion for adhesive applications. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL loading of Dairen DA-104 VAE Emulsion: securely palletized, properly dunnaged, balanced weight, and stable for safe transport. |
| Shipping | Dairen DA-104 VAE Emulsion ships as a water-based, non-hazardous emulsion in drums, IBC totes, or bulk tankers. Protect from freezing and excessive heat; store between 5–35°C. Avoid contact with incompatible materials, and ensure containers remain sealed to prevent skinning or contamination during transit. |
| Storage | Store Dairen DA-104 VAE Emulsion in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources. Avoid freezing; recommended storage temperature is 5–35°C. Keep containers upright to prevent leakage. Use within shelf life and stir gently before use to maintain uniformity. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is six months from manufacture when stored sealed at 5–40°C and protected from freezing. |
In high-frequency edge-glued panel lines processing 45–60 panels per hour, Dairen DA-104 VAE emulsion is integrated as the base fluid in a two-component crosslinking PVAc system, where its approximately 55±1% solids content and 0°C glass transition temperature facilitate roller coatability at viscosities between 1500 and 3000 mPa·s without additional plasticizer. The formulation typically consists of 85–92 wt% DA-104, 5–15 wt% polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) hardener, and 0–3 wt% calcium carbonate filler (≤10 μm particle size) to control penetration into open-grain hardwoods. Application is carried out via a four-roller spreader delivering a wet coat weight of 150–200 g/m² per single face, followed by ambient cold pressing at 0.8–1.2 MPa for 15–30 minutes or radio-frequency curing at 27.12 MHz with a cycle time of 90–120 seconds to achieve bondline temperatures of 65–75°C. Compliance with EN 204:2016 durability class D3 is verified through 48-hour water immersion at 23±2°C followed by tensile shear testing per EN 205:2016, where the bond must retain ≥7 N/mm² on European beech substrates. Finished goods include finger-jointed stair treads, laminated butcher-block countertops, and three-layer engineered solid wood panels for interior joinery. Critical process boundary: the pot life of the catalyzed mixture remains below 45 minutes at 25°C; exceeding this window results in a viscosity build-up that clogs the doctor blade gap and generates uneven spread, while application below 10°C retards isocyanate crosslinking and risks class D3 failure upon soak test. The emulsion must not be pre-mixed with amine-functional flow modifiers, as amine-catalyzed hydrolysis of the acetate groups triggers premature coagulation within the circulation loop of the roller coater.
Spirally wound paper tube and composite canister manufacturing applies DA-104 as a 100% solids emulsion or diluted with 5–8% deionized water to reduce Brookfield viscosity to 800–1200 mPa·s for curtain-coating nozzles. The adhesive is deposited at a dry film weight of 3.0–5.5 g/m² onto 160–300 g/m² virgin kraft or recycled linerboard, with an open time of 12–18 seconds before the web enters the winding mandrel. Wet tack values exceeding 2.5 N/25 mm measured per TAPPI T 549 om-20 are necessary to prevent layer spring-back during plying. Conformity to indirect food-contact regulations is established under FDA 21 CFR 176.170 for aqueous and fatty foods up to 66°C, and EU Regulation No 10/2011 overall migration limit < 10 mg/dm² via migration testing with simulant B (3% acetic acid). Downstream converting involves a fully-automated line with unwind stations, a gravure applicator set to a cell volume of 18–22 cm³/m², and an infrared pre-dryer maintaining a web surface temperature of 55–60°C before entering the mandrel station where 2–6 MPa nip pressure consolidates the layers. End products consist of paper cores for aluminum foil and stretch film, composite canisters for dry beverage powders, and frozen juice concentrate tube bodies. Limitation: storage of coated reels at relative humidity > 70% leads to re-emulsification of the acetate domains and a drop in lap shear strength below 1.2 MPa, making the bond unfit for heavy-gauge spiral machines.
DA-104 is formulated into elastomeric exterior wall coatings designed for crack-bridging across hairline cracks up to 1.5 mm under dynamic movement. The baseline grind contains water (80–100 kg), sodium hexametaphosphate dispersant (2–4 kg), cellulose ether thickener (3–5 kg), and 100–130 kg of calcium carbonate extender (d₅₀ = 12 μm) dispersed to a Hegman gauge reading of 4–5 via a Cowles blade at 15–18 m/s tip speed for 20 minutes. The letdown phase mixes 280–340 kg DA-104 (net emulsion, corresponding to 25–31% by total formula weight), coalescent such as texanol at 2–4% on binder solids, and a benzimidazolone carbamate biocide dose of 0.15%. Pigment volume concentration is maintained at 35–42%; surpassing 45% PVC incurs a drastic reduction in elongation at break at -10°C from ≥300% to below 120% when tested per ASTM D2370-16, rendering the film unable to pass the cyclic crack-bridging requirement of ASTM C1305/C1305M-16 at 1.0 mm crack width. Dirt pickup resistance measured by ASTM D3719-22 shows ΔE values below 3.5 after 500 h of south-facing exposure at 45° tilt only when the PVC is kept at 38–42% and a hydrophobic surface modifier such as a siloxane oligomer is post-added at 0.5–1.0 wt%. The coating is spray-applied with airless equipment at 160–180 bar using a 0.021-inch tip, resulting in a dry film thickness of 250–350 μm in two passes. Compliance documentation relies on EN 1062-1:2004 for vapor permeability (Class V₁, Sd < 0.14 m) and GB/T 9755-2014 for exterior emulsion paints. An operational incompatibility arises when the coating is tinted with iron oxide pigments in concentration above 8% on total solids: the photocatalytic degradation pathway of the polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid accelerates chalking within 18 months in subtropical climates.
| PVC (%) | Elongation at Break (%) at -10°C | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Dirt Pickup ΔE (24-month) | Crack Bridging (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 | 450 | 1.3 | 5.8 | 2.0 |
| 38 | 340 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 1.5 |
| 45 | 120 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 0.8 |
| 50 | 55 | 4.2 | 1.8 | 0.4 |
For thermally bonded airlaid webs destined for hygiene absorbent cores, DA-104 is incorporated into a phosphoric acid-catalyzed binder bath where the inherent formaldehyde content of the emulsion is < 5 ppm as measured by the acetylacetone method (ISO 14184-1:2011), qualifying it for baby diaper and feminine care articles under the OEKO-TEX® Standard 100 Class I requirement of < 16 ppm formaldehyde. The pad bath is prepared at 12–18% solids using DA-104 diluted with deionized water and adjusted to pH 3.0–3.5 with 0.3–0.8% ammonium chloride catalyst on binder solids; a nonionic polyethoxylated wetting agent (HLB 13–15) is added at 0.05% on bath weight to ensure strikethrough times below 3 seconds per EDANA NWSP 070.3.R0(15). The fiber web composed of 55% fluff pulp and 45% bicomponent PP/PE staple is passed through a two-roll padder at a nip pressure of 2.5–4.0 bar, achieving a wet pickup of 180–220% (dry add-on 22–30 g/m²). Curing is performed in a through-air oven with a residence time of 50–70 seconds and air temperature of 140–150°C; deviation below 135°C results in incomplete crosslinking and a wet tensile strength reduction of more than 40% when tested by NWSP 110.4.R0(15). The finished nonwoven achieves a cross-direction wet tensile of > 380 g/in at 55 gsm basis weight, sufficient for conversion into wet wipes, disposable absorbent top sheets, and sterile medical draping. Special caution: the acidic binder bath is corrosive to bronze or copper-alloy padder rollers; only 316L stainless steel or PTFE-coated rollers are approved, otherwise copper ion leaching catalyzes oxidative degradation of the ethylene sequences, generating aldehydes that exceed 10 ppm threshold.
Applying Dairen DA-104 as a primary pre-coat compound for tufted carpet stabilization involves formulating a high-filler slurry where the emulsion serves as the sole binder to lock tufts into a polypropylene primary backing. A typical compound comprises 100 parts (dry) DA-104 to 400–600 parts ground calcium carbonate (GCC, 40–50 μm top-cut) and 1–2 parts of a polyacrylate sodium salt dispersant; the mixture is stirred under vacuum at 60 rpm in a planetary mixer until a homogeneous viscosity of 15,000–30,000 mPa·s is obtained. The filled compound is applied via a knife-over-roll coater set to a gap of 1.0–1.8 mm, delivering an add-on of 700–1200 g/m² onto the secondary backing of action-back carpet tile constructions. Curing in a festoon dryer at 130–140°C for 8–12 minutes produces a dry film that exhibits a tuft bind of ≥22 N per ISO 4919:2012 and a velcro-faced dimensional stability with ≤0.2% planar shrinkage after a 60-minute heated exposure at 60°C. Fire performance compliance is validated to IMO 2010 FTP Code Part 2 with critical radiant flux ≥0.45 W/cm²; for European markets, EN 1307:2014 classification for textile floor covering use is achieved. Semi-finished goods include 50 cm x 50 cm commercial carpet tiles, automotive interior floor coverings, and entrance matting systems. Process vulnerability: the GCC loading must not exceed 650 phr, as exceeding this ratio causes the compound to phase-separate under the knife, leading to blister defects at the exit of the festoon where rapid steam formation in the filler matrix pops the uncured film. Furthermore, the compound must be consumed within 4 hours post-mixing because the continuous slow hydrolysis of VA groups at the GCC’s alkaline surface (pH 9.5) raises the overall pH above 7.0, initiating premature coagulation that plugs the delivery lines.
In two-component polymer-cement waterproofing systems (2K-PMC), DA-104 is the liquid component that blends with a dry-mix powder containing Ordinary Portland Cement 42.5R, silica sand (0.1–0.5 mm), and cellulose ether. The liquid part is composed of 55–70 wt% DA-104, 28–42 wt% water, and 2–3 wt% of a polycarboxylate ether superplasticizer; the overall liquid-to-powder ratio is maintained at 0.32–0.38 by mass to achieve a flow of 140–160 mm per GB/T 2419-2005. Upon mixing in a forced-action paddle mixer at 250 rpm, the acetate groups of the emulsion undergo partial saponification in the high-pH pore solution (pH > 13), liberating acetate ions that retard cement hydration slightly, extending the open time to 35–45 minutes compared to 25 minutes for unmodified cement. The slurry is troweled onto concrete slabs at 1.5–2.0 kg/m² per coat in two coats with an interval of 4–6 hours, yielding a dry film thickness of 1.2–1.8 mm. Mechanical performance under JC/T 984-2011 Type I registration shows a tensile strength of ≥1.9 MPa and elongation at break ≥80% at 7 days standard cure; adhesion to moist concrete substrates exceeds 1.5 MPa (bond failure always cohesive within the concrete) per GB/T 16777-2008. The system is recognized under ETA guideline ETAG 022 for external waterproofing of basements. End applications include interior wet-room waterproofing beneath ceramic tile, balcony and terrace membranes, and external tanking for below-grade foundation walls.
| DA-104 in Liquid Component (wt%) | Flexural Strength (MPa) at 28d | Elongation at Break (%) | Adhesion to Concrete (MPa) | Water Impermeability (MPa, 24h) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 40 | 6.2 | 45 | 1.1 | 0.3 |
| 55 | 5.5 | 75 | 1.6 | 0.8 |
| 70 | 3.8 | 120 | 1.8 | 1.5 |
| 85 | 2.1 | 190 | 1.4 | 2.2 |
An inherent limitation surfaces when the dry-mix powder contains more than 5% calcium aluminate cement; the accelerated formation of ettringite at the polymer-particle interface consumes polymer-bound water, leading to micro-cracking that drops elongation below 50% after 200 freeze-thaw cycles per GB/T 50082-2009. Additionally, the mixed slurry must be protected from direct sunlight and wind during the first 12 hours of curing; if the surface dries before cement hydration reaches 40% degree of hydration, irreversible blistering occurs beneath the membrane, voiding the waterproofing guarantee.
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Dairen DA-104 is classified as a carboxylated vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) copolymer emulsion, delivered at 55% ± 1% non-volatile content by mass (ISO 3251:2019, method A, 105°C / 3 h). The product is internally plasticized via backbone ethylene incorporation—typically above 15 wt% on monomer feed—and requires no external coalescent to achieve film formation at temperatures as low as 0°C on non-porous substrates. Brookfield LVF viscosity (spindle #3, 30 rpm, 25°C) is controlled within 1,200–3,200 mPa·s, and the pH (ISO 976:2021) is buffered to 4.5–5.5 using a proprietary acetate buffer system. Mean particle size, determined by laser diffraction (Malvern Mastersizer 3000), is 0.5–0.9 µm, giving a semi-gloss to matte film appearance depending on substrate absorption. The minimum film-forming temperature (MFFT) measured per ISO 2115:2000 falls at 0°C ± 1°C, a figure that directly enables cold-weather application without auxiliary solvent boosting. Density at 20°C is approximately 1.07 g/cm³; residual monomer levels are maintained below 500 ppm (GC-headspace, internal method aligned with ISO 13741-1), meeting the voluntary emission class EMICODE EC1 Plus for flooring adhesives.
Unlike homopolymer PVAc dispersions that require dibutyl phthalate or benzoate plasticizers for flexible bonding, DA-104’s ethylene segments provide permanent low-temperature flexibility. Accelerated heat aging (80°C for 168 h) on cast films shows retained elongation at break above 400% (ASTM D882-18), whereas plasticized PVAc grades lose over 60% of initial elongation as plasticizer migrates to the adhesive-substrate interface, quantified by surface tack reduction and FTIR-ATR carbonyl index shifts. This distinction proves critical in lamination of aluminum foil to kraft paper where intermittent exposure to –20°C cold chain logistics would otherwise induce bond brittleness and delamination within 48 h of cyclic conditioning.
In assembly operations where contact adhesives are spray-applied to ABS or polycarbonate housings, immediate green strength governs line takt time. DA-104’s carboxyl functionality — introduced via copolymerized acrylic acid at 0.5–1.5 parts per hundred monomer — interacts with surface calcium carbonate fillers in the substrate matrix to produce a measurable ionomeric crosslink within 15–30 seconds of open-time closure. Dynamic shear adhesion tested by ASTM D3163-01 (lap shear, 2.5 mm/min crosshead speed) on soda-lime glass coupons gives 0.35–0.55 MPa at 100% cohesive failure mode, whereas a non-carboxylated EVA hot melt of comparable melt index yields adhesive failure below 0.15 MPa on identical surfaces without primer. This inherent surface acceptance reduces pretreatment steps: corona discharge treatment to 48 dyn/cm may still be required for untreated polypropylene, but ABS and high-impact polystyrene bond acceptably at as-molded surface energies of 38–42 dyn/cm. Process engineers note that compressed air spray equipment (Kremlin Rexson or Sames) must be flushed within 45 minutes of pot life at 40°C to avoid irreversible gel formation from evaporative skinning at the nozzle tip.
| Property | DA-104 | DA-101 (standard VAE) | DA-105 (high carboxyl) | Test method | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solids (%) | 55 | 55 | 54.5 | ISO 3251 | |
| Viscosity (mPa·s) | 1,200–3,200 | 2,800–5,500 | 2,400–4,800 | ISO 2555 | |
| pH | 4.5–5.5 | 4.0–5.0 | 3.8–4.8 | ISO 976 | |
| MFFT (°C) | 0 | 3 | 1 | ISO 2115 | |
| Film tensile strength (MPa) | 4.5–6.0 | 3.2–4.8 | 5.5–7.5 | ISO 37 type 2 | |
| Elongation at break (%) | 550–750 | 400–600 | 350–500 | ISO 37 | |
| 24-h water absorption (%) | 8–14 | 12–18 | 6–10 | ASTM D570-22 |
Tile adhesives formulated with 60–75 wt% calcium carbonate (10–45 µm D50) routinely stress emulsion binder mobility. At pigment volume concentration (PVC) exceeding 65% of critical PVC (CPVC), DA-104’s relatively low wet viscosity allows incorporation of an additional 5–8 percentage points of filler compared to higher-viscosity grades, while maintaining trowelability at a stiff consistency of 450,000–550,000 cP as measured by Brookfield Helipath (T-bar spindle C, 2.5 rpm). The ionomeric stabilization of the filler-matrix interface reduces dry shrinkage: 28-day unrestrained linear shrinkage (EN 12004:2007+A1 procedure) registers below 0.05% for a formulation containing 70% filler, whereas a comparable styrene-acrylic latex system commonly records 0.10–0.15%. This directly minimizes tile tenting failure in large-format porcelain tiles (60 × 60 cm) exposed to radiant floor heating cycles from 25°C to 45°C. However, the pH buffering capacity of DA-104 is limited in contact with highly alkaline calcium aluminate cements (pH > 12.5) used in rapid-setting screeds; a blocking agent based on potassium silicate should be applied to the screed surface to prevent ester hydrolysis at the interface, which degrades adhesion below 0.3 N/mm² after 6 months of moisture exposure per EN 1348 tensile adhesion pull-off.
In water-based contact cements for high-pressure laminate (HPL) bonding to particle board, DA-104 is typically blended with 10–20 phr rosin ester tackifier dispersion. Flash-off time on a particle board substrate at 70°F and 50% RH is 8–12 minutes; the open time window before bond strength decays below 80% of maximum is 25 minutes, measured by probe tack test (Texture Analyzer TA.XTplus, stainless steel cylinder probe, 1 mm/s withdrawal). Users report that addition of 0.1% defoamer (mineral oil/silica type) is mandatory because the surfactant package in DA-104 — anionic/nonionic blended, HLB approximately 15 — generates microfoam under high-speed Cowles disperser at 1,200 rpm, leading to microscopic pinholes observable in the dried film at 20x magnification and a 15% reduction in lap shear strength. The product’s mechanical stability is rated for 5,000 cycles on a Red Devil shaker before coagulum exceeds 0.01% on a 100 mesh screen, suitable for continuous process feed lines.
Unlike etherified melamine formaldehyde crosslinked systems, DA-104 films rely on the hydrophobic ethylene microblocks to limit water ingress. When a 50 µm wet film drawn down on glass is immersed in deionized water at 23°C for 1 hour, the change in haze (ASTM D1003-21 Procedure A, BYK-Gardner haze-gard i) is 5–8 points, reverting to original clarity within 20 minutes of drying. This is inferior to a 2K waterborne polyurethane (haze change < 2 points) but far exceeds PVAc homopolymer films that blanch irreversibly with haze deltas above 40 points. Consequently, DA-104 is specified for interior furniture edge-banding lacquers where a short water contact event (spill wipe-up within 5 minutes) must not leave permanent optical defects. The compatibility with coalescing agents is limited: addition of 3% texanol ester alcohol on emulsion weight depresses MFFT to below –5°C but retards through-dry excessively, giving blocking resistance (ASTM D4946-89, face-to-face, 1 psi, 50°C) failing at 4 rating on a 1–10 scale after 24 h. Where deeper penetration into open-grain wood is needed for anchoring, a 2% dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether pre-wipe on the substrate is more effective than latex-phase coalescent addition, yielding 60% improvement in cross-cut adhesion (ASTM D3359-23, method B) on ash and oak.
Production-scale storage stability at temperatures above 35°C deserves caution. The carboxylated polymer backbone in DA-104 undergoes slow esterification with polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid (partially hydrolyzed, 88% degree of hydrolysis) at elevated temperatures, leading to an upward viscosity drift of approximately 10–20 mPa·s per week at 40°C. Totes stored in direct sunlight in tropical climates have exhibited skinning inside the IBC liner vent after 3 months. Therefore, nitrogen blanketing of holding tanks and storage below 30°C is recommended. Freeze-thaw stability is poor: one cycle of –5°C freezing irreversibly coagulates the dispersion; shipment during winter must be in insulated, heated trailers. These constraints do not apply to the conventional Dairen DA-101 grade which tolerates 3 cycles with marginal viscosity increase, but sacrifices ethylene content and low-temperature flexibility.
Zinc oxide added at 0.5–2.0 phr to accelerate carboxylate crosslinking can induce an abrupt viscosity rise within 10 minutes of incorporation, transitioning the emulsion from a Newtonian to a Bingham plastic rheology with yield stress exceeding 50 Pa at pH above 5.8. This is exploited intentionally in tufted carpet pre-coat applications where high wet strength immediately after drying is needed. However, in roll-to-roll wet lamination of nonwoven fabrics (cellulose/polyester hybrid mats), the viscosity escalation narrows the coating window on a knife-over-roll coater to ±2 µm gap tolerance. To maintain stable rheology, formulators substitute 50% of ZnO with ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC) crosslinker added as a separate component just prior to the coating head via static mixer, providing comparable wet tensile strength increase (from 1.2 N/5 cm to 4.5 N/5 cm, WSP 110.4) without instantaneous bodying. This two-part approach is incompatible with DA-102 because the lower carboxylic acid density yields insufficient reaction sites for AZC chelation, leaving residual free zirconium ions that trigger dermatological concerns under EU Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC for skin contact materials.
Films formed from DA-104 exhibit a glass transition temperature (Tg) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, midpoint, 10°C/min heating rate, second scan) at –5°C to +2°C, depending on drying history. This sub-ambient Tg is the primary differentiator versus styrene-acrylic emulsions (Tg commonly +15°C to +35°C) and enables crack-bridging capability in waterproofing membranes tested under EN 1062-7 dynamic crack bridging at 0°C. The membrane withstands a 500 µm crack opening at a 1 mm/min extension rate without failure, a performance level unreachable with higher-Tg alternatives unless plasticizer content exceeds 15%, which then compromises dirt pick-up resistance and leads to premature coating degradation. Published data for this specific configuration in fully formulated cementitious two-component (2K) slurries remains limited, but preliminary on-site trial reports from flat roof renovation projects in Scandinavia indicate acceptable crack bridging at substrate temperatures of –10°C when the DA-104 liquid component is diluted to 33% solids with water and combined with a blend of Portland cement (CEM I 42.5) and calcium aluminate cement at a 3:1 ratio.
