| HS Code | 500965 |
| Chemical Name | Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer |
| Cas Number | 24937-78-8 |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 28 wt% |
| Melt Flow Rate 190 C 2 16 Kg | 75 g/10 min |
| Density | 0.950 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point Dsc | 75 °C |
| Vicat Softening Point | 55 °C |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 13.8 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 750 % |
| Flexural Modulus | 28 MPa |
| Hardness | 84 Shore A |
| Brittle Temperature | -100 °C |
As an accredited ELVAX 3175 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | ELVAX 3175 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer is supplied as pellets in 25 kg net bags, ensuring dry, contamination-free delivery. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: ELVAX 3175 EVA copolymer loaded as 25-kg bags on pallets, secured for safe, dry transport. |
| Shipping | ELVAX 3175 is shipped as solid pellets in sealed bags or drums, protected from moisture and contamination. Transport should avoid high heat, open flames, and incompatible oxidizers. Ensure proper labeling, ventilation, and secure loading. Handle with PPE to minimize dust exposure and prevent static discharge. |
| Storage | Store ELVAX 3175 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, sparks, and open flames. Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers. Protect bags from physical damage and implement proper stock rotation to maintain material quality. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically two years when stored in sealed, original containers under cool, dry conditions, away from heat and sunlight. |
Corrugated case and tray sealing lines using wheel applicators, nozzle dispensers, or slot-coat systems require a thermoplastic melt that develops rapid green strength, delivers clean adhesive cut-off, and provides a compression window in the 0.2–0.5 s range. ELVAX 3175 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is supplied with a nominal vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% and a melt mass-flow rate of 6.0 g/10 min when measured under a 2.16 kg load at 190 °C in accordance with ISO 1133-1:2022. A standard hot-melt formulation for corrugated case closing contains 30–35 wt% ELVAX 3175, 35–45 wt% fully hydrogenated C9 hydrocarbon tackifying resin, 20–30 wt% microcrystalline or Fischer-Tropsch wax, and 0.5–1.0 wt% hindered phenolic antioxidant. The EVA fraction increases cohesive strength and adhesion to recycled corrugated medium. The tackifier controls wetting of kraft and clay-coated linerboard. The wax component adjusts open time and set speed. Production-scale melt tanks are operated under nitrogen blanket at 165–175 °C, with adhesive delivered to the applicator at 170–180 °C. When the melt temperature exceeds 200 °C for extended periods, acetic acid is liberated from the vinyl acetate comonomer. This accelerates char formation, increases viscosity drift, and corrodes unalloyed aluminium or bronze machinery components. Viscosity stability is monitored over an 8 h production shift by ASTM D3236 using a Brookfield Thermosel. A viscosity increase greater than 10% relative to the start of the shift indicates thermal degradation and requires a lower setpoint or reduced pre-melt inventory. The adhesive may be used in indirect food packaging applications under FDA 21 CFR 175.105, provided the complete formulation is evaluated for migration limits and functional barrier requirements. In high-humidity plants, EVA pellets are pre-dried at 60 °C for 4 h before melt blending to reduce hydrolytic chain scission and melt viscosity inconsistency.
In paraffin wax modification, ELVAX 3175 is introduced at 1.5–6.0 wt% of the total wax compound to increase melt viscosity, reduce cold flow, and improve scuff resistance on board and paper surfaces. The blend is prepared in a jacketed vessel equipped with a low-speed turbine agitator at 135–145 °C. Fully refined paraffin wax is melted first, and EVA pellets are added gradually over 20–30 min. Dispersion is considered complete when the melt clears and agitator torque stabilizes. The modified wax is applied through curtain coaters, roll coaters, or immersion dip tanks at 70–100 °C. Terminal products include wax-coated corrugated containers, fruit and vegetable transport boxes, and moisture-resistant paperboard wraps. Ring-and-ball softening point of the cooled compound is measured according to ASTM E28. Raising the EVA content to 8 wt% increases hardness but may push melt viscosity beyond the operational range of roll-coating equipment. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, and preliminary laboratory blending is required to confirm cloud point and phase compatibility. The cooled wax film is evaluated for blocking resistance and coating continuity on production board. Food-contact suitability for paper and paperboard is assessed under FDA 21 CFR 176.170 when the complete wax formulation is finalised. The EVA component alone does not establish food-contact compliance. Wax containing EVA should not be overheated above 160 °C for repeated cycles because thermal oxidation darkens the blend and reduces water resistance.
In solvent-borne adhesive production, ELVAX 3175 is dissolved at 25–40 wt% solids in a blend of toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, or acetone. Dissolution is performed in a jacketed closed mixer with explosion-proof drives at 40–60 °C under slow agitation for 4–6 h. Solution viscosity is controlled between 1,000 and 3,000 mPa·s at 25 °C using a Brookfield RVT viscometer at 20 rpm. The adhesive is applied by gravure roll, reverse roll, or knife-over-roll coating to polyester film, aluminium foil, or treated polypropylene. Dry coating weights range from 10–25 g/m². Solvent removal occurs in a multi-zone convection oven with air temperatures from 60 °C at the entrance to 120 °C at the exit. Drying rate is limited by solvent vapour pressure, lower explosion limit, and the solubility of the EVA in the remaining solvent. Compliance with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 is required for toluene and ketone handling, and exhaust vapours may require carbon adsorption or thermal oxidation. Viscosity instability appears as a slow increase during storage when the solution is contaminated with moisture, acid, or reactive metal ions. Amine-based additives and strong alkali are avoided because they accelerate ester hydrolysis and release acetic acid, further reducing solution stability. The finished adhesive film retains low-temperature flexibility and adhesion. Terminal products include laminating adhesives for printed flexible packaging and heat-seal coatings for foil lidding.
| Standard / regulation | Application parameter or boundary |
|---|---|
| ASTM D1238 / ISO 1133-1:2022 | Melt mass-flow rate at 190 °C / 2.16 kg |
| ASTM D1505 | Density at 23 °C |
| ASTM D3236 | Hot-melt viscosity stability |
| ASTM E28 | Ring-and-ball softening point of wax blends |
| FDA 21 CFR 175.105 | Indirect food-contact adhesives |
| FDA 21 CFR 176.170 | Paper and paperboard in contact with food |
| FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 | Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer food-contact article |
| Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 | REACH registration and downstream use communication |
Polyolefin compounders introduce high-VA EVA at 5–20 wt% into LDPE or LLDPE to improve impact toughness, filler acceptance, and adhesion in masterbatch concentrates. ELVAX 3175 is also used as a carrier resin for pigment and additive masterbatches at 30–50 wt% filler loading. Compounding is conducted in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D 40:1 configuration. The barrel profile is set with a feed-zone temperature of 120 °C and a die melt temperature of 180 °C. Venting after the mixing zone removes moisture and low-molecular-weight volatiles. If storage relative humidity exceeds 60%, pre-drying at 60 °C for 4 h is required before extrusion. The polar vinyl acetate comonomer reduces interfacial tension between the polymer phase and mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate or talc. This improves pigment dispersion in carbon black masterbatches and reduces filter pressure rise measured on a screen pack with 100 µm mesh. The carrier resin contributes a melt viscosity that matches the diluent polyolefin, producing uniform strand pelletizing. Resulting compounds are used in injection moulding and film extrusion, with tensile properties measured according to ISO 527-2:2012 and impact resistance determined by ASTM D256. Barrel temperatures above 220 °C produce acetic odour and yellowing, indicating degradation. Long residence times at high temperature are not used. Published data for this specific grade in high-filler systems is limited; pilot-scale compounding trials are advised before commercial scale-up.
In coextruded flexible packaging structures, ELVAX 3175 is used as a neat tie layer or modified tie resin where adhesion to aluminium foil, paper, PET, or EVOH is required. The vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% provides polar functionality for adhesion to aluminium oxide surfaces and paper fibres. Extrusion lamination with EVA tie resin is run at melt temperatures between 210 °C and 240 °C. Melt temperature is not raised above 250 °C because degradation risk increases rapidly. A typical extrusion laminating line operates with chill roll cooling, a die-to-nip air gap of 15–25 cm, and a coating weight of 12–25 g/m². Adhesion is measured as peel strength according to ASTM D1876. Coextruded structures can include LDPE/EVA/tie constructions for cheese or frozen food pouches. Food-contact use of the EVA layer is subject to FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 provided migration limits and end-use conditions are respected. The EVA tie layer may be blended with LDPE at 10–30 wt% to adjust melt stability and reduce formulation cost. The blend is prepared by dry tumble mixing before feeding to a single-screw extruder with L/D 24:1 or higher. Neck-in and draw-down are controlled by melt temperature, air gap, and line speed. Line speeds above 300 m/min may induce draw resonance, although published data for this specific grade at very high line speeds is limited. Terminal products include foil-laminated flexible packages, lidding films, and multi-layer barrier pouches.
In production of polymer-modified bituminous waterproofing membranes, ELVAX 3175 is dispersed into oxidised or distilled bitumen at 3–6 wt% of the total binder. The copolymer is added to a high-shear rotor-stator mixer at 175–185 °C. Mixing continues for 60–90 min at rotor tip speeds above 15 m/s. The EVA phase raises the softening point, reduces penetration at service temperature, and improves elastic recovery. Process control includes softening point measurement according to ASTM D36, penetration testing under ASTM D5, and elastic recovery evaluation by ASTM D6084. The modified binder is used to impregnate polyester or fibreglass nonwoven carriers for waterproofing membranes. If the blend is over-sheared or held above 200 °C for more than 4 h, viscosity drift and binder gelation may occur. Compatibility with highly paraffinic bitumen can be limited at this vinyl acetate content, and lower EVA concentration or a compatibility agent may be required. Published data for this specific grade in road asphalt is limited; plant-scale viscosity stability and storage stability tests are necessary before use. The finished waterproofing membrane is evaluated under EN 13707 for flexible sheets used in waterproofing.
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ELVAX 3175 is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer produced by high-pressure free-radical copolymerization and supplied as pellets. The nominal vinyl acetate content is 28 wt%, and the melt flow rate is 6.0 g/10 min determined at 190 °C under a 2.16 kg load in accordance with ASTM D1238 or ISO 1133-1:2022. Density is reported as 0.950 g/cm³ by ASTM D1505 or ISO 1183. The grade belongs to the high-vinyl-acetate segment of the ELVAX ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer line and is specified for hot-melt adhesives, sealants, wax modification, polymer modification, and heat-sealable coatings. The structural difference from an 18 wt% vinyl acetate copolymer is a larger disruption of polyethylene crystallinity, which lowers the crystalline melting point and heat-seal initiation temperature while increasing polarity, ultimate elongation, and energy absorption. Within the high-vinyl-acetate series, the 6.0 g/10 min melt flow rate of ELVAX 3175 provides lower melt viscosity than 3.0 g/10 min grades and higher cohesive strength after cooling than 25 g/10 min grades.
| Parameter | Nominal value | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl acetate content | 28 wt% | Supplier FTIR method |
| Melt flow rate | 6.0 g/10 min | ASTM D1238 / ISO 1133-1:2022 |
| Melt flow test conditions | 190 °C, 2.16 kg | ASTM D1238 |
| Density | 0.950 g/cm³ | ASTM D1505 / ISO 1183 |
| Peak melting temperature | approx. 73 °C | ASTM D3418 |
Adhesion in ELVAX 3175 is governed by the vinyl acetate comonomer distribution along the ethylene backbone. The polar acetate groups raise the solubility parameter of the copolymer relative to polyethylene and improve wetting of aluminum, glass, polyvinyl chloride, and corona-treated polyester film. In hot-melt adhesive compounding, ELVAX 3175 is melt-blended with tackifying resins and waxes in heated sigma-blade mixers, planetary mixers, or continuous twin-screw compounders at mass temperatures between 130 °C and 180 °C. Sigma-blade mixers are used when frequent grade changes and longer residence times are required; twin-screw compounding is used for high-output production of pelletized adhesive compounds. The mixer must avoid localized hot spots because vinyl acetate elimination becomes kinetically significant above 200 °C, and the resulting acetic acid can corrode downstream steel and aluminum tooling. Open time, wet-out, and set speed in the formulated adhesive are controlled primarily by the tackifier-to-wax ratio, substrate temperature, and add-on weight. Published data for a universal open-time value of an ELVAX 3175 formulation is limited because open time shifts with substrate thermal mass, ambient temperature, and production line speed.
Melt processing of ELVAX 3175 in extrusion coating and laminating lines typically uses a single-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 24:1 or 30:1 and a barrel temperature profile from 120 °C at the feed throat to 175 °C at the adapter and die. Screw designs with progressive compression and limited high-shear mixing are preferred because high-shear sections can increase melt temperature by more than 20 °C above the barrel set point. This shear heating can push the melt into the degradation region and produce gel particles that appear as coating defects. In slot-die coating of heat-seal layers, ELVAX 3175 permits lower heat-seal temperatures than a lower-vinyl-acetate EVA of the same melt flow rate. The crystalline melting peak of the 28 wt% vinyl acetate grade is approximately 20 °C to 25 °C below that of an 18 wt% vinyl acetate grade; the exact peak is measured by differential scanning calorimetry according to ASTM D3418. Heat-seal initiation is measured on the finished laminate according to ASTM F2029 or an equivalent seal-strength protocol. Because substrate thickness, coating weight, and corona treatment level alter heat transfer and adhesion, the seal-initiation temperature measured on a laboratory heat-sealer may differ from a production packaging line by several degrees Celsius.
Replacing a lower melt index EVA with ELVAX 3175 changes both application rheology and final adhesive mechanical response. A shift from a 3.0 g/10 min grade to ELVAX 3175 at 6.0 g/10 min reduces melt viscosity and may allow application temperature reductions of 10 °C to 20 °C on wheel or slot nozzle applicators. The reduction in melt viscosity can improve penetration into porous substrates such as corrugated board and nonwoven fabrics, but it can also reduce the cohesive strength of the set bond. In assembly adhesives evaluated by ASTM D1876 T-peel or ASTM D1002 lap shear, the effect of melt flow rate is not predictable from density or vinyl acetate content alone. In tackifier-rich formulations, the continuous tackifier phase may dominate the mechanical response and obscure differences between 3.0 g/10 min and 6.0 g/10 min EVA. In low-tackifier formulations, the higher-melt-index grade can show lower shear adhesion failure temperature when tested by ASTM D4498. Consequently, substitution of ELVAX 3175 must be validated on the production substrate pair, bond-line thickness, and cooling rate. Published data for this exact substitution in a specific adhesive formula is often limited to supplier application bulletins; the relevant failure mode should be generated on production-scale application equipment.
In paraffin and microcrystalline wax modification, ELVAX 3175 is added at 2 wt% to 15 wt% to increase melt viscosity, reduce brittle fracture, and improve scuff resistance in packaging coatings and investment casting patterns. Blending is conducted in heated low-shear tanks fitted with turbine or anchor agitators at 120 °C to 150 °C. Holding the blend above 160 °C for extended periods accelerates copolymer degradation and produces darkening, viscosity drift, and phase separation. The 28 wt% vinyl acetate content improves compatibility with polar waxes and hydrogenated hydrocarbon resins relative to an 18 wt% EVA, but it may reduce compatibility with highly paraffinic waxes if the addition level exceeds the saturation limit of the specific wax. Saturation limits are formulation dependent; cloud point and viscosity stability after 24 h at 120 °C are used to detect incompatibility. Melt viscosity is monitored by rotational viscometry according to ASTM D3236 at 150 °C. In packaging coatings, the wax-ELVAX 3175 blend is applied by curtain coating or roll coating, and viscosity must remain stable over an 8 h shift to avoid coat weight drift.
Polymer modification with ELVAX 3175 is used in polyolefin compounds and bituminous membranes to improve low-temperature crack resistance while reducing flexural stiffness. Addition of 5 wt% to 10 wt% ELVAX 3175 to polyethylene or polypropylene compounds reduces the brittleness temperature and increases impact energy absorption, but it also lowers tensile modulus. Test specimens are prepared by injection molding or compression molding and evaluated by ISO 178 flexural modulus, ASTM D746 brittleness temperature, and ASTM D256 Izod impact. In bituminous waterproofing membranes, ELVAX 3175 is blended with bitumen at 150 °C to 180 °C in high-shear mixing equipment to increase low-temperature flexibility and reduce high-temperature flow. The final membrane is tested by EN 13707 for low-temperature flexibility and by ASTM D5 penetration or ASTM D36 softening point depending on the regional specification. Published data for the exact rheological response of ELVAX 3175 in all bitumen grades is limited because bitumen composition varies by crude source and oxidation level.
ELVAX 3175 is not hygroscopic under standard warehouse conditions, but storage at relative humidity above 60% can introduce surface moisture that forms voids or surface roughness in extrusion coating. Pre-drying at 60 °C for 2 h to 4 h in a desiccant dryer is sufficient when moisture-related defects are observed on the line. The upper processing temperature is 200 °C for short residence times below 15 min; continuous processing above 220 °C is not recommended because vinyl acetate elimination releases acetic acid and promotes corrosion on downstream metal surfaces. The copolymer should not be combined with strong acids, strong bases, or amine-based additives if the formulation is held above 170 °C for extended periods because such additives catalyze ester cleavage. When processed inside these boundaries, ELVAX 3175 can be used in hot-melt adhesives requiring food-contact status under FDA 21 CFR 177.1350, subject to the extraction limits in that section. The resin is typically documented as an exempt polymer under REACH Regulation EC 1907/2006, and supplier declarations list compliance with Directive 2011/65/EU RoHS restrictions for lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB, and PBDE.
| Regulation or standard | Scope | Typical supply documentation |
|---|---|---|
| FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 | Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers for food contact | End-use extraction limits apply |
| REACH Regulation EC 1907/2006 | EU chemical registration | Polymer exemption |
| Directive 2011/65/EU RoHS | Restricted substances | Declaration of conformity |
Compared with EVA grades containing 18 wt% vinyl acetate, ELVAX 3175 is selected when the application requires improved low-temperature flexibility and adhesion to polar substrates. Compared with EVA grades containing 33 wt% vinyl acetate, the 28 wt% comonomer level provides better compatibility with nonpolar waxes and higher melt strength while retaining sufficient polarity for many hot-melt adhesive formulations. The melt flow rate of 6.0 g/10 min represents an intermediate viscosity position: it allows spray and wheel application at lower temperatures than 3.0 g/10 min products, and it provides better heat resistance than 25 g/10 min products in non-pressure-sensitive assembly adhesives. These differences are quantified by melt flow rate, vinyl acetate content, softening point, and shear adhesion failure temperature on the specific formulation rather than by resin specification alone.
