| HS Code | 980269 |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 9% |
| Melt Flow Rate | 400 g/10 min (190°C/2.16 kg) |
| Density | 0.935 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 85°C (DSC) |
| Freezing Point | 50°C (DSC) |
| Vicat Softening Point | 49°C |
| Tensile Strength | 7 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 90% |
| Flexural Modulus | 98 MPa |
| Shore D Hardness | 38 |
| Brittleness Temperature | -76°C |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.34 W/m·K |
| Volume Resistivity | 1 x 10^15 ohm·cm |
| Dielectric Constant | 2.8 at 1 MHz |
As an accredited ELVAX 410 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | ELVAX 410 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer is supplied as pellets in 25 kg polyethylene-lined paper bags. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loaded with ELVAX 410 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer in sealed bags on pallets, properly secured and ventilated. |
| Shipping | ELVAX 410 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer is shipped as solid pellets in multi-wall paper bags, drums, or bulk containers. It is non-hazardous under transport regulations, but avoid dust accumulation, moisture, and excessive heat. Keep containers dry and well-ventilated; no special dangerous goods classification applies. |
| Storage | Store ELVAX 410 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, flames, and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture pickup. Avoid generating dust; prevent accumulation, which may create a fire hazard. Follow manufacturer’s recommendations for temperature and shelf life. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 2 years from shipment when stored in original packaging under cool, dry conditions. |
Compounding lines that supply packaging hot-melt adhesives to case-erecting, tray-forming, and bookbinding converters use ELVAX 410 as the low-viscosity ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer fraction when open time must fall below 1.5 s on high-speed carton-sealing equipment. The grade carries a nominal vinyl acetate content of 18 wt% and a melt mass-flow rate of 500 g/10 min at 190°C/2.16 kg under ASTM D1238-20 or ISO 1133-1:2022, a combination that permits wheel-and-slot nozzle application at 150–165°C without solvent thinning. Typical addition ratios place ELVAX 410 at 15–25 wt% within a formulation containing 35–45 wt% hydrogenated rosin ester or C5/C9 hydrocarbon tackifier, 20–35 wt% paraffin wax having a congealing point of 54–58°C, and 0.5–1.0 wt% hindered phenolic antioxidant. On a 40:1 L/D co-rotating twin-screw compounding line with an atmospheric vent, the wax and tackifier are melted in zones 1 and 2 at 130°C and 140°C, ELVAX 410 pellets are introduced into zone 3 at 145°C, and the final three zones are held at 150–155°C; die pressure remains between 18 bar and 30 bar, with the strand pelletizer water bath maintained at 8–12°C. Production-scale failure modes include batch viscosity drift when tackifier moisture exceeds 0.1 wt%, skin formation in open melt tanks when nitrogen blanketing is omitted, and acetic acid evolution from the vinyl acetate comonomer when bulk melt residence time exceeds 90 min at 165°C. Finished adhesive quality is assessed against ASTM D3236-88(2022) for Brookfield Thermosel viscosity at 175°C, ASTM D4498-07(2021) for heat-fail temperature in shear, and ASTM D1876-08(2023) for T-peel on flexible laminates. Compliance references include 21 CFR 175.105 for adhesives used in food-packaging laminates, 21 CFR 177.1350 for ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer components in food-contact layers, and EU Regulation 10/2011 Annex I for authorized ethylene and vinyl acetate monomers. Terminal product forms are hot-melt slugs, pillows, and bulk tank-truck adhesive for case and carton closing, one-shot bookbinding, graphic paper-to-board lamination, and tray erecting.
At addition levels of 2–4 wt%, ELVAX 410 reduces crystalline shrinkage voids and oil syneresis in fully refined paraffin candles without producing the fuel starvation and wick char observed when its concentration reaches 6 wt% or above. The polymer is first dispersed as a 10–20 wt% side-stream concentrate in a separately heated 100°C paraffin vessel, then diluted into the main anchor-stirred blending tank at 85–95°C to prevent localized gels. Candle production downstream of blending includes pumping the finished blend through 100–200 μm filters to multicavity moulding machines or tealight presses; cooling is controlled at 0.2–0.5°C/min under ambient humidity below 60% to prevent surface bloom and wick displacement. Compliance references include ASTM F2417-22 for candle fire safety, the IFRA fragrance safety standard in force for scented candle systems, and EU CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 for labelled fragrance allergens. Terminal candle types produced with this modifier include container candles, pillar candles, votive candles, tealights, and wax melts; operational limits for wick-fed systems are governed by paraffin melt viscosity rising above 90 mPa·s at 90°C when the EVA content approaches 5 wt%, at which point production trials on 45 mm diameter container candles show reduced flame height and increased wick char.
Solvent-borne contact cements and primers prepared with ELVAX 410 use 20–30 wt% resin solids in toluene, xylene, or methyl ethyl ketone/ethyl acetate blends for applications where waterborne systems cannot meet initial tack, peel strength measured under ASTM D1876-08(2023), or open-time requirements. In a jacketed glass-lined dissolver, the solvent is charged first and heated to 40°C, then EVA pellets are added under high-shear dispersion at 600–900 rpm; complete dissolution for a 30 wt% solids batch is obtained in 3–5 h depending on the aromatic fraction of the solvent. The formulation addition ratio places ELVAX 410 at 20–30 wt% of total solids, with the balance made up of rosin ester or phenolic tackifier and 0.2–0.5 wt% antioxidant; final solution viscosity at 25°C typically ranges from 800 mPa·s to 2,500 mPa·s, but ketone-containing blends below 30 wt% aromatic solvent produce haze and reduced peel strength. Production controls include a nitrogen pad to keep moisture below 0.05 wt%, 100 μm bag filtration, and closed-loop solvent-vapour condensation. Compliance references include EU Solvent Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU for volatile organic compound release, US 40 CFR Part 63 for hazardous air pollutant control where toluene or MEK is emitted, REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 for substance registration and safe-use communication, and ASTM D3132-84(2013) for polymer dissolution behavior in selected solvents. Terminal products are brush- and roller-applied contact adhesives for EVA foam footwear assembly, decorative laminate to medium-density fibreboard lamination, and primer layers for automotive interior trim bonding. Aliphatic-only diluents are incompatible at room temperature and cause phase separation; toluene-containing solutions sold to general consumers are restricted under Annex XVII to REACH, requiring reformulation with non-restricted solvent packages.
Used at 1–3 wt% in paraffin and microcrystalline wax blends, ELVAX 410 raises curtain stability and reduces pinholing on a 1,200 mm-wide curtain coater running at 80–100°C, but concentrations above 3 wt% narrow the curtain gap and increase draw resonance at line speeds of 100–180 m/min. The production process melts the wax-EVA blend in a jacketed circulation tank at 95°C, filters it through 150 μm stainless steel mesh, and delivers it to a Weko or Bachofen curtain head with slot gap set between 0.2 mm and 0.5 mm for 200 g/m² corrugated or molded-fiber substrates. Compliance references include 21 CFR 176.170 for paper and paperboard components in contact with aqueous and fatty foods, 21 CFR 176.180 for dry food contact, ASTM D1653-13(2021) for water vapor transmission rate, and TAPPI T454 for turpentine-based pinhole detection in waxed paper. Terminal products include wax-coated corrugated cases for wet ice shipment, molded fiber trays for fresh produce, and sandwich wrap. Board moisture above 8 wt% produces steam bubbles at the curtain nip; preheating substrates to 60°C before coating is required when warehouse humidity exceeds 60%.
When letdown ratios of 2–6% are required in injection moulding, film, and blow moulding, pigment concentrate lines use ELVAX 410 as the high-flow carrier resin for organic reds, phthalocyanine blue, and carbon black in granules intended for polyolefin and EVA end markets. The addition ratio is 25–40 wt% carrier resin, 40–60 wt% pigment, and 5–15 wt% low-molecular-weight wax dispersant; this balance permits wet-out without excessive specific energy input. The production process runs on a 44:1 L/D co-rotating twin-screw extruder with triple atmospheric venting, barrel temperatures held between 120°C and 140°C, screw speed 300–500 rpm, and a gear pump ahead of an underwater pelletizer maintaining 30–40 bar melt pressure. Compliance references include 21 CFR 178.3290 for colorants used in polymers intended for food-contact end use, EU Regulation 10/2011 for migration limits where the masterbatch is used in food-contact articles, REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 for pigment registration and SVHC restrictions, and ISO 11469:2016 for polymer marking in recycling streams. Terminal products are color and additive masterbatches for EVA foam footwear, polyolefin packaging film, and injection-moulded closures. High-moisture pigments such as iron oxide yellow must be pre-dried at 80°C for 4 h before extrusion because vacuum venting alone cannot remove bound water, and residual moisture causes hydrolytic viscosity loss in the EVA carrier.
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ELVAX 410 ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is a high-flow, low-molecular-mass random copolymer with nominal vinyl acetate content of 18 wt% determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy per ASTM D5594. Melt mass-flow rate is reported as 500 g/10 min at 190°C under 2.16 kg load per ASTM D1238, and density is listed as 0.93 g/cm³ per ASTM D792. The copolymer carries CAS number 24937-78-8. Because the chain contains amorphous ethylene-vinyl acetate segments interrupted by ethylenic crystallinity, differential scanning calorimetry under ASTM D3418 typically shows a broad melting endotherm with a peak near 73°C. The product is supplied in pellet form and is used primarily as a viscosity-reducing binder, wax modifier, adhesion promoter, and processing aid in solvent-borne adhesives, hot-melt adhesives, sealants, and wax-based coatings. The high melt index places this grade at the low-molecular-mass end of the 18 wt% VA series; therefore it should not be specified where high cohesive strength, creep resistance, or film melt strength is required. In production-scale compounding, a starting addition range of 10–40 wt% is common, but exact loading is determined by open time, substrate surface energy, and application viscosity. Published data for grade-specific formulated systems is limited, so fixed-grade comparisons are recommended during product qualification.
At 18 wt% VA, ELVAX 410 retains enough polar character for adhesion to paper, wood, and surface-treated polymer films while maintaining compatibility with paraffin wax and many hydrocarbon tackifying resins. The lower residual crystallinity, compared with low-density polyethylene homopolymer, reduces spherulite dimensions and improves optical clarity. The same VA units interrupt crystallisable ethylene sequences, lowering modulus and increasing low-temperature flexibility. These properties are achieved through the copolymer architecture rather than through plasticiser addition, which reduces migration risk in hot-melt and solvent-borne systems.
Within the same VA series, melt index is the primary variable controlling melt viscosity, molecular weight, and solid-state mechanical performance. ELVAX 410 at 500 g/10 min is the high-flow member; ELVAX 420, ELVAX 450, and ELVAX 460 provide progressively lower melt flow and higher molecular weight at the same nominal VA level. The table below lists nominal supplier values under the same ASTM D1238 procedure, so the values are directly comparable.
| Grade | Vinyl acetate (wt%) | Melt index (g/10 min, ASTM D1238, 190°C/2.16 kg) | Process consequence |
|---|---|---|---|
| ELVAX 410 | 18 | 500 | Lowest melt viscosity; fastest substrate wet-out; limited cohesive strength. |
| ELVAX 420 | 18 | 150 | Reduced viscosity but higher melt strength than 410. |
| ELVAX 450 | 18 | 8 | Intermediate melt strength; improved heat resistance in non-crosslinked systems. |
| ELVAX 460 | 18 | 2.5 | Highest molecular weight among common 18% VA extrusion grades. |
The practical difference is observed as lower application viscosity and reduced cohesive strength when ELVAX 410 replaces ELVAX 450 or ELVAX 460. Tensile strength and elongation at break measured on compression-molded sheets per ASTM D638 or ASTM D1708 generally decrease as melt index rises within a fixed VA family. Therefore the 410 grade is specified when a hot melt is dispensed at high line speed through narrow slot nozzles, or when a solvent adhesive requires higher solids at a target coating viscosity. Conversely, ELVAX 450 or ELVAX 460 is used where a non-crosslinked EVA adhesive must retain load-bearing properties at elevated temperatures and where melt strength is necessary for thick film or profile application. In capillary rheometry per ASTM D3835, ELVAX 410 exhibits lower shear viscosity across normal adhesive shear rates than ELVAX 420 or ELVAX 450; this supports lower pump pressure but also shortens the time available for tackifier dissolution in a single-pass compounding extruder.
Hot-melt compounding with ELVAX 410 is conducted on heated sigma-blade mixers or modular co-rotating twin-screw extruders, often with L/D around 40:1. The resin is charged with wax and stabiliser after the tackifier has begun to melt; melt temperatures between 120°C and 150°C are typical during early mixing, increasing to 170–200°C for final homogenisation. Because the 410 grade has a melt index of 500 g/10 min, drive current and torque are lower than with ELVAX 450 at equivalent screw speed, which can increase throughput on existing lines. The same property reduces the pressure generated in a melt pump and can make strand pelletising less stable; production equipment may require lower water temperature, reduced line speed, or a gear pump with tighter clearances to prevent pellet fracture. Application viscosity is measured on a Brookfield Thermosel viscometer under ASTM D3236; typical hot-melt targets fall between 1,000 mPa·s and 5,000 mPa·s at 180°C. A 410-based formulation can produce a viscosity reduction of 20–40% relative to a 150 g/10 min 18% VA grade at identical resin loading, but the precise reduction depends on tackifier type, wax melting point, and stabiliser level. Processors should operate below 220°C; prolonged residence above that threshold can initiate acetic acid elimination, causing viscosity drift, odour, and acid corrosion on exposed steel surfaces.
Thermal stabilisation is required for sustained hot-melt service. Hindered phenol antioxidants at 0.5–1.0 phr with phosphite secondary antioxidants are standard; amine-based stabilisers are generally avoided because of colour development at sustained melt temperature. Adhesive producers monitor viscosity drift over 24–72 h at 180°C in a Brookfield Thermosel to detect premature deacetylation or oxidative chain scission. A viscosity change of more than 10% generally indicates inadequate stabilisation or excessive residence time in the production tank. On continuous hot-melt lines, vented extruders are preferred to remove trace moisture and any acetic acid from prolonged hold-up.
Substitution of ELVAX 410 for a 28 wt% VA copolymer such as ELVAX 210, or for a 33 wt% VA grade such as ELVAX 150, changes the polarity balance of a wax-based formulation. At 18 wt% VA, the copolymer is more compatible with fully refined paraffin wax and low-polarity microcrystalline wax; clear, low-haze systems can be obtained at higher wax loadings. The lower VA content reduces adhesion to aluminium, glass, and polar polymer films but improves resistance to attack by nonpolar oils and greases. In paper saturants, corrugated coatings, and candle modifiers, ELVAX 410 is used at 5–30 wt% to increase viscosity, enhance low-temperature flexibility, and raise elongation without introducing the strong polar interactions of higher-VA grades. The low molecular weight of 410 also lowers melt blend viscosity more than a lower-MI 18% VA grade, which is useful for dip-coating but can reduce high-temperature sag resistance. Because the change from a higher-VA EVA to ELVAX 410 is not one-to-one, the tackifier and wax fractions must be rebalanced. Gloss, blocking point, and penetration resistance shift; published data for this specific substitution is limited and should be generated on the intended coating line.
Solvent-borne adhesive and coating formulations use ELVAX 410 to achieve higher solids at a given applicator viscosity. The grade dissolves in toluene, xylene, and methyl ethyl ketone blends under high-shear rotor-stator agitation; lower molecular weight permits a higher solution solids content than ELVAX 450 or ELVAX 460. At 20 wt% solids in toluene, solution viscosity is markedly lower, allowing knife-over-roll coating of heat-sensitive films with reduced solvent demand. The 18 wt% VA content gives adequate solubility in aromatic and ketone solvents but less solubility in low-polarity aliphatic diluents than higher-VA grades; dilution solvent selection must follow solution viscosity and evaporation profiles. ELVAX 410 is combined with rosin ester, hydrocarbon, or terpene tackifiers at 10–25 phr to balance adhesion and heat resistance. Because solvent-borne systems are subject to local VOC regulations, the finished product must be evaluated for REACH registration status and RoHS restricted substances under the intended use. Food-contact uses require evaluation against 21 CFR 177.1350 for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers; final compliance is determined by end-use extraction testing rather than by the neat resin specification alone.
In high-shear compounding, ELVAX 410 must be processed inside a defined thermal window because its high melt flow rate and limited melt strength create specific extrusion constraints. On a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with 40:1 L/D, moderate screw speeds are used to prevent excessive shear heating; barrel set points are commonly 120–180°C, with melt temperature monitored at the die. The melt should not exceed 230°C. Above 250°C, elimination of acetic acid from the vinyl acetate segments accelerates and can result in yellowing, odour, viscosity drift, and pitting of tool steel. Resin stored at relative humidity above 60% should be dried for 2–4 h at 60–70°C in a desiccant-air dryer; drying above 80°C may soften pellet surfaces and cause hopper bridging. A vented extruder with vacuum assist is preferred for hot-melt lines to remove trace moisture and any acetic acid from prolonged hold-up. The low melt strength restricts the maximum adhesive film thickness to approximately 75 µm unless the formulation contains a higher-molecular-weight EVA or crosslinkable polymer. In cast film and thin adhesive coating, this requirement is acceptable; in thick laminating films, ELVAX 410 should be blended with a lower-MI EVA to improve melt strength.
Adhesion develops mainly through wetting and mechanical interlocking rather than through chemical bonding. The low melt viscosity of ELVAX 410 gives fast wet-out on high-surface-energy substrates such as kraft paper, corrugated board, and corona-treated oriented polypropylene. On low-surface-energy substrates such as untreated polypropylene or polyethylene, adhesion is limited; oxidative flame or corona treatment to a surface energy of 38–44 mN/m is typically required. The resin is stable at room temperature and should be stored below 40°C away from direct sunlight. In fine-particle form, the material is combustible; pneumatic conveying systems should be grounded and operated with appropriate dust-control measures. Published quantitative processing data for ELVAX 410 in every specific adhesive configuration is limited; therefore production-scale validation under actual screw geometry, residence time, and coating speed remains the authoritative method for setting operating windows.
