| HS Code | 878407 |
| Product Name | Argotec EVA Interlayer Film |
| Manufacturer | Argotec |
| Material | Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA) |
| Product Type | Interlayer Film |
| Appearance | Transparent |
| Thickness | 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm |
| Width | 1000-2500 mm |
| Length | 100 m |
| Density | 0.94 g/cm³ |
| Va Content | 28-33% |
| Melting Point | 70-80 °C |
| Softening Point | 50-60 °C |
| Tensile Strength | ≥20 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | ≥500% |
| Light Transmittance | ≥90% |
| Haze | ≤1% |
| Adhesion To Glass | ≥50 N/cm |
| Water Absorption | ≤0.1% |
| Processing Temperature | 120-150 °C |
| Refractive Index | 1.48 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 0.35 W/m·K |
| Dielectric Constant | 3.0 |
| Uv Resistance | Excellent |
| Weather Resistance | Excellent |
As an accredited Argotec EVA interlayer Film factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
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In architectural interior balustrades and point-fixed overhead assemblies, Argotec EVA interlayer film is processed in a vacuum bag furnace or fixed-chamber laminator with a silicone diaphragm; the platen or chamber set point is held between 138°C and 148°C for total interlayer thicknesses from 0.25 mm to 1.52 mm. The film begins to melt at approximately 70°C to 90°C, seals the glass edge, and then undergoes peroxide-initiated crosslinking as the laminate temperature exceeds 125°C. Hold time is a function of glass thickness, interlayer stack, and chamber recovery, but production-scale cycles normally maintain peak temperature for 30 to 45 minutes. The vacuum pump must hold residual chamber pressure below 1 kPa absolute during the melt phase; if pump capacity cannot maintain that level, edge air inclusions appear as corner bubbles after cooling. Post-breakage retention demand in balustrade glazing is governed by EN 12600 classification 2B2 or 1B1, while U.S. installations fall under CPSC 16 CFR 1201 Category II impact testing. Both test methods require the laminate to remain in the frame after impact, not merely to prevent penetration. Because the EVA thermoset network does not depend on plasticizer mobility, exposed edges in high-humidity interior atria do not develop the cloudy banding associated with plasticizer migration; this edge-clouding resistance is commonly assessed visually after 1000 h at 85°C and 85% RH. For overhead glazing, deflection calculations follow EN 16612, but interlayer shear transfer contribution is temperature-dependent. Above approximately 30°C surface temperature, the time-dependent shear modulus declines significantly, and the laminate should be treated as a post-fracture retention layer rather than a structural shear coupling unless the project specification includes a validated interlayer stiffness model.
Glass floor and stair tread laminates using Argotec EVA interlayer film are produced with multi-ply interlayer stacks from 0.76 mm to 1.52 mm, and safety-glass classification follows EN 12600 or ANSI Z97.1; the interlayer provides post-fracture retention while load-bearing capacity is determined by the glass plies according to EN 16612.
Crystalline silicon photovoltaic module lamination requires the EVA film to function as both an optical adhesive and a moisture-exclusion encapsulant. Argotec EVA interlayer film is placed between the glass front sheet and the cell string and again between the cell string and the rear backsheet or second glass panel. Vacuum belt laminators with heated platens typically run a three-zone profile: degas at 80°C to 100°C for 3 to 5 min, consolidation at 110°C to 125°C for 3 to 4 min, and peroxide cure at 135°C to 150°C for 10 to 16 min. Crosslink initiation is driven by thermal decomposition of the peroxide system; gel content, measured by solvent extraction according to supplier specification, is commonly controlled between 70% and 85%. Below approximately 65% gel content, the encapsulant exhibits thermoplastic creep and may blister during damp-heat exposure at 85°C and 85% RH. Above approximately 90% gel content, the network becomes stiff, and peel adhesion to glass can decline because fewer free silane coupling sites remain available at the interface. Yellowness index after damp heat is measured according to ASTM E313; a shift above 2.0 YI units is generally regarded as a visual solar-module defect for transparent front sheets. On production-scale belt laminators, the limiting process conflict is platen temperature recovery: thick glass/glass configurations extract heat faster than a single-pane architectural laminate, so belt speed and zone length determine whether the cure plateau is actually achieved. Multi-busbar cell junctions and solder bumps introduce localized thickness variation, which can shift pressure at the film surface and require vacuum chamber pressure below 1 kPa absolute to avoid bubble entrapment near raised conductive features.
| Compliance test | Standard | Stress exposure | Typical pass criterion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Damp heat | IEC 61215-1:2021 | 85°C/85% RH, 1000 h | No delamination, Pmax loss ≤5% |
| Thermal cycling | IEC 61215-1:2021 | -40°C to 85°C, 200 cycles | No visual defects, insulation intact |
| Humidity freeze | IEC 61215-1:2021 | 85°C/85% RH to -40°C, 10 cycles | No delamination or bubble formation |
| Wet leakage | IEC 61215-1:2021 | Voltage per standard | No insulation breakdown |
Edge retention in bus and rail glazing becomes the control variable when EVA interlayer is substituted for plasticized PVB in laminated safety glass. For side windows and windscreens falling under ECE R43, FMVSS 205, or ANSI/SAE Z26.1, the laminate must survive impact, weathering, and temperature cycling while maintaining no more than 10 mm delamination at the edge after environmental exposure. Argotec EVA interlayer film is laminated in vacuum bag or membrane presses at peak temperatures between 138°C and 145°C; this lower thermal load compared with autoclave-processed PVB reduces optical distortion on curved tempered glass and permits the use of heat-sensitive IR-reflective coatings. Because EVA is not plasticized, edge clouding from plasticizer migration is absent, but adhesion at cut edges remains dependent on silane coupling in the EVA formulation and the cleanliness of the glass edge before lamination. Production-scale fleet observations indicate that failures concentrate in lower corners where wheel splash and road deicing fluids are repeatedly introduced under 0.2 MPa pressure-washer nozzles. In accelerated testing, edge delamination after 1000 h of 85°C/85% RH is recorded on coupons cut to 300 mm × 300 mm; the exposure methodology follows environmental aging principles from ISO 12543-2, but the specific acceptance threshold is governed by the vehicle glass specification rather than a single generic clause. Published data for this specific Argotec configuration under road-service aging are limited.
When printed PET films, woven polyester scrims, or perforated metal meshes are embedded between two EVA sheets for decorative interior glass, the vacuum cycle must be adjusted for moisture release from the hygroscopic decor layer. Argotec EVA interlayer film is typically used on both sides of the decor to create a monolithic laminate without autoclave pressure; the melt phase at 90°C to 110°C allows the EVA to penetrate open mesh structure, while the cure plateau at 135°C to 145°C locks the decor in place. Printed PET films require corona or atmospheric plasma surface treatment before lamination; a wetting tension of 42 to 46 mN/m is commonly specified on film treatment lines to ensure that EVA flows against the coated surface rather than channeling around edge-trimmed graphics. Failure on production laminators typically appears as ghost-image bubbles around dense ink coverage because volatile residues from UV-cured inks are released after the edge seal has formed. Pre-drying of printed decor at 60°C to 80°C for 8 to 24 h reduces moisture content below 0.5% by mass, but solvent-free lamination still requires a slow ramp rate and a vacuum hold below 1 kPa absolute during the initial melt stage. Interior decorative glass panels are not structural, but they must meet fragmentation and retention requirements of EN 12600 in European installations or ANSI Z97.1 in North American interior applications. Lightfastness of the embedded print is tested under ISO 105-B02 if the panel is installed in direct sunlight; otherwise, the relevant criterion is visual color shift under edge-mounted LED arrays.
For ballistic and forced-entry glazing, Argotec EVA interlayer film is combined with polycarbonate backup sheets in asymmetric stacks such as glass/EVA/polycarbonate/EVA/glass or glass/EVA/polycarbonate. The EVA cure plateau at 125°C to 138°C is lower than the 140°C to 150°C autoclave cycle used for some PVB formulations, which reduces bubble formation in polycarbonate layers where absorbed moisture can vaporize. Ballistic resistance is tested according to EN 1063 or UL 752; forced-entry resistance follows EN 356 or ASTM F1233. The EVA layers act as energy-absorbing interlayers, but the primary penetration resistance is provided by the polycarbonate core and the fracture behavior of the outer glass plies. Production-scale vacuum bag laminators for these assemblies require zoned heating and external platen cooling because thick glass/polycarbonate stacks retain heat and can overshoot the EVA cure plateau if cooling is delayed. Edge adhesion is inspected ultrasonically because internal delamination around the polycarbonate interface does not always extend to a visible edge. Polycarbonate moisture content must be reduced below 0.15% by mass before lamination; otherwise, micro-bubbles form at the EVA/PC interface during the cure stage. Published ballistic test results for any specific Argotec EVA stack configuration are limited to customer-specified laminate constructions and are not transferable without repeating the full test protocol.
Cold-service glazing in refrigerated display doors, walk-in freezer viewing panels, and exterior facade corners in continental climates exposes EVA laminates to repeated condensation, ice scraping, and steep thermal gradients. Argotec EVA interlayer film retains shear coupling at low panel temperatures through its crosslinked vinyl acetate network; the sharp brittle transition observed in some polymer interlayers is avoided at operating temperatures near -20°C, allowing the laminate to survive shopping-cart impact without sharp crack propagation. Refrigerated display door laminates are generally built as glass/EVA/glass or as a triple-glazed unit with the EVA laminate on the warm-side pane; the edge seal must prevent moisture from reaching the interlayer because freeze-thaw cycling at the exposed edge can cause interfacial ice lenses. Cold-climate facade specifications typically require insulating glass units tested under EN 1279 for gas leakage and moisture penetration, while the laminated safety glass component is separately tested under EN 12600 or ANSI Z97.1. On production laminating lines, thick freezer door laminates with low-emissivity coatings demand lower ramp rates than ordinary interior glass because the coating reflects radiative energy and slows the core temperature rise. Adhesion at cold temperatures is assessed by shear testing at -40°C on coupons cut from the laminate edge; published data for this specific Argotec configuration in prolonged deep-freeze service are limited, so field correlation testing is advisable before specification.
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Argotec EVA Interlayer Film is an extruded ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulation film supplied in roll form for laminated glass and photovoltaic module construction. The polymer matrix consists of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with a vinyl acetate content of 28–33 wt% as determined by ASTM D5594-18. The formulation includes an organic peroxide thermal initiator and an organosilane adhesion promoter; the silane functionality is required for condensation bonding to soda-lime glass during the cure plateau. Product codes are assigned by gauge, width, UV-blocking class, and cure-speed class rather than by a single universal model designation. Standard gauges include 0.25 mm, 0.38 mm, 0.50 mm, 0.76 mm, and 1.14 mm; roll widths are supplied from 300 mm to 2400 mm, with tighter width tolerances on slit rolls for automated lay-up. Storage conditions are 5–25 °C and less than 60% RH. Published data for the specific Argotec EVA Interlayer Film configuration is limited; the values below are drawn from publicly available EVA interlayer datasheets and are anchored to ISO, ASTM, and IEC test methods.
The cure chemistry proceeds through thermally induced decomposition of the peroxide initiator, followed by radical abstraction and polymer recombination. The accepted indicator of network formation is gel content. A gel content of ≥ 70% after lamination, measured by solvent extraction according to ASTM D2765-16, is the minimum for acceptable encapsulation. The lamination plateau is 135–150 °C for 15–25 min; plate temperatures below 130 °C require dwell times beyond 30 min and may not fully condense the silane at the glass interface. Temperatures above 155 °C accelerate peroxide decomposition to a degree that can produce volatile by-products and edge bubbles. The process window is therefore narrower than general forming operations; a deviation of ±5 °C from the validated setpoint shifts gel content outside the 70–85% control band.
Vacuum-bag laminators for this material should maintain absolute pressure below 50 mbar during the degassing stage and apply 0.8–1.0 bar membrane pressure during cure. Two-stage oil-sealed rotary vane pumps or dry scroll pumps are used to remove trapped air from glass-cell-backsheet assemblies. Film moisture before lamination should be below 0.1 wt%; rolls exposed to relative humidity above 60% should be pre-dried at 50–60 °C for 4 h. Flat-bed laminator platen temperature uniformity should be ±2 °C, verified by thermocouple mapping across the full width. Undercured edges show low peel strength and creep under thermal load. Edge peel specimens of 25 mm width tested at 180° peel angle and 100 mm/min crosshead speed according to ASTM D903-98 should exceed 60 N/cm; values below this threshold indicate incomplete silane condensation or insufficient cure.
The compounded EVA sheet is produced on twin-screw extruders with L/D ratios of 40:1 to 52:1 and downstream flat-die calender lines. Melt temperature at the die is maintained at 85–105 °C to avoid premature peroxide decomposition; formulations with a peroxide decomposition half-life too low for the die residence time can initiate crosslinking in the die lip and create gel particles. Batch-to-batch variation in vinyl acetate content is controlled to ±1 wt%; variations beyond this band shift the melting range and viscosity curve. Incoming film is inspected by automated optical systems with detection resolution of 0.1 mm, and gauge variation is measured by beta or laser web gauges. A gauge variation exceeding ±0.03 mm on a 0.76 mm sheet can generate local low-flow regions and residual air after cure.
The average molecular weight between crosslinks can be estimated by swelling in xylene at 25 °C. A gel content of 75% with a swelling ratio of 3.0–5.0 corresponds to an average molecular weight between crosslinks of approximately 2,000–5,000 g/mol. This network density supports elongation at break above 400% after lamination while limiting creep under edge load. The gel point in oscillatory rheometry at 1 Hz and 1% strain is observed after 7–12 min at 145 °C for standard cure formulations; fast-cure grades reach gel point after 5–8 min. These values should be re-established for each roll width and laminator thermal profile.
In photovoltaic encapsulation, the Argotec EVA Interlayer Film acts as the optical coupling and stress-transfer medium between glass, cell string, and backsheet. The melt-viscosity profile is controlled by ethylene-vinyl acetate comonomer content and peroxide loading. Melt mass-flow rate of the uncured film at 190 °C and 2.16 kg is 25–40 g/10 min per ISO 1133-1:2022. This flow range allows the material to fill cell gaps of 1.5–3.0 mm without entrapping air in 60-cell glass-backsheet laminations. Total lamination time for 3.2 mm front glass / EVA / cell / EVA / backsheet stacks is typically 15–20 min at 145 °C; glass-glass modules with 2.5 mm rear glass may require 20–25 min because of the additional heat capacity. The cured encapsulant volume resistivity should exceed 1 × 1014 Ω·cm per ASTM D257-14 to limit leakage current in high-string-voltage arrays. Damp-heat exposure at 85 °C/85% RH for 1000 h per IEC 61215-2:2021 should not reduce glass-side peel strength by more than 20% from the initial value. A UV-cut grade is specified for installations requiring spectral blocking; transmittance between 300 nm and 380 nm is typically below 2% per ISO 9050:2003.
Optical acceptance is determined on the laminated coupon rather than on the film alone. Clear Argotec EVA interlayer film should produce total luminous transmittance of ≥ 91% when laminated between two sheets of 3 mm clear float glass. Haze measured according to ASTM D1003-21 should remain below 1.5%; yellowness index measured according to ASTM E313-20 should remain below 1.0. Refractive index of the ethylene-vinyl acetate matrix is approximately 1.48–1.50, which reduces interfacial reflection loss against soda-lime glass. For building-integrated photovoltaic and decorative glazing, the UV-cut formulation blocks 99% of radiation below 380 nm while maintaining visible transmission above 85%. Table 1 summarizes typical film physical and optical properties.
| Property | Method | Typical Value |
|---|---|---|
| Thickness tolerance | ISO 4593 | ±0.03 mm |
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 0.95–0.96 g/cm³ |
| Melt mass-flow rate (190 °C, 2.16 kg) | ISO 1133-1:2022 | 25–40 g/10 min |
| Vinyl acetate content | ASTM D5594-18 | 28–33 wt% |
| Tensile strength MD/TD uncured | ISO 527-3:2018 | 18–25 MPa |
| Elongation at break MD/TD uncured | ISO 527-3:2018 | 500–700% |
| Total luminous transmittance laminated | ASTM D1003-21 | ≥ 91% |
| Haze laminated | ASTM D1003-21 | ≤ 1.5% |
| Yellowness index | ASTM E313-20 | ≤ 1.0 |
| Gel content after cure | ASTM D2765-16 | ≥ 70% |
| Glass peel strength | ASTM D903-98 | ≥ 60 N/cm |
Weatherability of crosslinked EVA is assessed under xenon arc exposure per ISO 4892-2:2013. After 1000 h at 60 W/m² irradiance in the 300–400 nm range and a black-standard temperature of 65 °C, the yellowness index increase should remain below 2.0. The UV-cut grade contains a UV absorber in the 0.1–0.5 wt% range; this shifts the spectral transmission edge to 380 nm and protects the backsheet and cell metallization from UV damage. Because curing is thermal rather than photoinitiated, the presence of the UV absorber does not significantly reduce the gel content measured by ASTM D2765-16.
Water absorption after 24 h immersion at 23 °C is typically 0.1–0.3 wt% per ISO 62:2008. Incoming quality assurance for this product includes Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for vinyl acetate content verification against ASTM D5594-18, differential scanning calorimetry to confirm the absence of premature crosslinking exotherms below 120 °C, and melt flow testing per ISO 1133-1:2022. These measurements are useful when switching between production batches or roll lots. Customers with critical process windows should maintain internal reference films for comparison.
The standard EVA interlayer develops strong adhesion to soda-lime glass because the silane coupling agent condenses with surface silanol groups. Polycarbonate and acrylic substrates do not provide the same silanol density; a silane-grafted or primer-treated variant is therefore required for wet lamination or for high-humidity service. Residual moisture at the polycarbonate interface can hydrolyze the silane before cure and generate interfacial bubbles that appear after vacuum-bag lamination. Film moisture for this configuration should be reduced to < 0.05 wt% by pre-drying at 50 °C for 6 h, and laminate peel adhesion should be verified according to ASTM D903-98 before production. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; preliminary trials on 3 mm polycarbonate / 0.76 mm EVA / 3 mm polycarbonate coupons are recommended. Edge sealants with free amine functionality should be avoided because amine species accelerate residual peroxide decomposition and can produce local discoloration.
Laminated safety glass made with EVA is evaluated by impact tests according to ANSI Z97.1-2015 and EN 12600:2002. It is not intended to replace PVB in automotive windshields; its lower modulus and different tear behavior are better matched to architectural interior laminations and photovoltaic modules. A high gel content above 85% can create a more brittle interlayer and reduce energy absorption, so overcuring should be avoided as carefully as undercuring. The glass-side adhesion level can be modulated by silane loading and cure plateau; production validation should include a peel test on every roll change.
EVA differs from plasticized polyvinyl butyral in cure mechanism, moisture tolerance, and equipment requirements. PVB interlayer must be conditioned to 0.4–0.6 wt% water content and processed in a humidity-controlled room at 25–35% RH; it requires autoclave pressures of 12–14 bar at 125–135 °C to achieve the required glass adhesion. EVA is crosslinked by peroxide during vacuum-bag lamination at 135–150 °C and does not require an autoclave. Because EVA is not plasticizer-dependent, the risk of plasticizer migration and edge staining is lower. Compared with ionomer interlayers, EVA has lower tensile modulus and tear strength; ionomer grades are specified for hurricane-impact glazing and structurally coupled curtain-wall panels where higher shear stiffness is required. Table 2 summarizes the comparative equipment and property profiles.
| Characteristic | EVA Interlayer | Plasticized PVB | Ionomer Interlayer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | 0.95–0.96 g/cm³ | 1.07–1.10 g/cm³ | 0.94–0.96 g/cm³ |
| Lamination equipment | Vacuum bag 135–150 °C, no autoclave | Autoclave 12–14 bar, 125–135 °C | Vacuum bag or autoclave 150–170 °C |
| Moisture control | Storage < 60% RH | 25–35% RH clean room, 0.4–0.6 wt% water | Low moisture sensitivity |
| Adhesion to glass | Silane condensation after peroxide cure | Hydrogen bonding/plasticizer | Ionic adhesion, high stiffness |
| Typical use | PV modules, decorative glass, low-pressure lamination | Automotive and architectural safety glass | Impact glazing, point-fixed glass, high rigidity |
Argotec EVA Interlayer Film should not be used where the interlayer is the sole load-transfer element in point-fixed structural glazing; ionomer or PVB may be required for those configurations. The product is compatible with silane-based glass primers and standard photovoltaic backsheets. Rolls wider than 2400 mm require custom slitting and validation of roll flatness and splice reliability. The film is not recommended for exposure to external edge sealants containing free amines, as these can accelerate residual peroxide decomposition and edge discoloration.
