| HS Code | 181100 |
| Chemical Name | Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 28% |
| Melt Flow Rate | 140 g/10 min at 190°C/2.16 kg |
| Density | 0.948 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 71°C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 64°C |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 7 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 800% |
| Shore D Hardness | 36 |
| Brittleness Temperature | -75°C |
| Peak Crystallization Temperature | 56°C |
As an accredited EVAtech EVA 140S/28G Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | EVAtech EVA 140S/28G is supplied as 25 kg moisture-resistant bags, ensuring safe handling, storage, and consistent copolymer quality. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | EVAtech EVA 140S/28G is packed in bags/pallets, loaded into a 20′ FCL, secured, dry, and ventilated. |
| Shipping | EVAtech EVA 140S/28G ships as non-hazardous pellets in 25 kg bags or bulk containers. Keep dry, cool, and away from direct sunlight. Use covered transport to prevent contamination and moisture absorption. Secure loads properly, avoid rough handling to prevent bag damage, and store in a clean, dry facility. |
| Storage | Store EVAtech EVA 140S/28G in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Keep the container tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Recommended storage temperature is below 30°C. Under these conditions, shelf life is typically one year from date of manufacture. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically two years from manufacture date when stored in a cool, dry area, away from direct sunlight. |
In corrugated case and carton sealing, EVAtech EVA 140S/28G is employed as the high-vinyl-acetate, high-melt-flow polymeric backbone in hot melt adhesives where kraft linerboard tear must occur before adhesive cohesive failure. The copolymer contains 28 wt% vinyl acetate and exhibits a melt flow rate of 140 g/10 min under ISO 1133-1:2022 at 190°C/2.16 kg; these two parameters reduce melt viscosity and raise specific adhesion to polar paper surfaces compared with lower-VA ethylene-vinyl acetate grades. In packaging hot melt formulation, EVAtech EVA 140S/28G is typically compounded at 25–35 wt% with 35–45 wt% of a C5/C9 hydrogenated hydrocarbon tackifier, 15–25 wt% of a Fischer-Tropsch or paraffin wax, and 0.3–0.8 wt% of a hindered phenolic antioxidant. Melt viscosity measured under ASTM D3236 at 180°C is generally maintained between 800 mPa·s and 1500 mPa·s to allow clean pumping through slot-die coating heads; formulation adjustments outside this range produce stringing above 2200 mPa·s or bleed-through on recycled linerboard below 600 mPa·s. The production sequence begins with batch gravimetric dosing into a co-rotating twin-screw extruder of L/D 40:1 with barrel zones set from 130°C to 180°C and a die temperature of 170°C, followed by strand pelletizing into sacks intended for hot melt tank melters. At the packaging line, pellets are melted in a heated reservoir at 160–180°C and applied through a slot-die or roller coater, with open time of 1–5 s and compression of 0.5–2 s before case erecting or carton sealing. The terminal article is a corrugated box, folding carton, tray, or display pack used in dry food, frozen food, and logistics packaging. For indirect food contact, adhesive formulators rely on FDA 21 CFR 175.105 as the adhesive component standard; in the EU, the finished package is governed by Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004, and where the package includes a plastic food-contact layer, Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 applies to overall migration. Thermal boundaries are critical: vinyl acetate deacetylation begins to release acetic acid above 200°C, and melters operating above that threshold require 316L stainless steel wetted parts and local exhaust ventilation; production melters are therefore locked to a maximum of 180°C with RTD thermocouple verification against drift.
Set speed in adhesive binding is governed by the competing processes of wax crystallization and polymer-substrate wetting. EVAtech EVA 140S/28G is introduced at 30–40 wt% into spine glue formulations containing 35–45 wt% rosin ester or polyterpene tackifier, 8–15 wt% microcrystalline or Fischer-Tropsch wax, and 0.3–0.8 wt% antioxidant. The 28 wt% vinyl acetate content increases hydrogen bonding with starch-sized paper and printed coatings, while the 140 g/10 min melt flow rate allows the adhesive to penetrate surface roughness without excessive pump pressure. Melt viscosity at 160°C measured by ASTM D3236 is typically held at 1200–2200 mPa·s for spine and side gluing; this range prevents cold glue-string formation at high wheel speeds while retaining sufficient green tack for cover attachment. In bookbinding, the adhesive is melted in a heated wheel pot at 150–170°C and transferred by a segmented spine wheel onto rough-backed book blocks; line speeds of 3000–8000 books/h are common, with cover nipping pressure applied within 2–5 s of spine application. Heat fail temperature is evaluated under ASTM D4498-07, and low-temperature flex resistance is assessed by opening the finished book at −10°C to −20°C without spine cracking. Finished product types include perfect-bound paperbacks, catalogs, annual reports, instruction manuals, and exercise notebooks. Compliance for non-food graphic arts is governed primarily by REACH (EC 1907/2006) substance registration and downstream article safety, while U.S.-market shipments are supported by TSCA inventory listing; formal harmonized food-contact standards do not apply to this non-food segment. A processing limitation is that high filler loadings above 15 wt% calcium carbonate increase viscosity beyond 3000 mPa·s and produce spine roughening, while melt temperatures above 180°C promote acetic acid release and char adhesion on heated wheel surfaces.
Furniture edge banding places simultaneous demands on melt pump stability, hot tack, and adhesion to plasticized PVC and ABS banding materials. EVAtech EVA 140S/28G is combined at 35–50 wt% with 25–35 wt% hydrogenated hydrocarbon resin, 10–20 wt% calcium carbonate filler, 5–10 wt% paraffin or Fischer-Tropsch wax, and 0.3–0.8 wt% antioxidant. The high vinyl acetate level improves adhesion to the plasticizer-rich surface of PVC edge banding, with T-peel adhesion quantified under ASTM D1876; the 140 g/10 min melt flow rate allows the adhesive to fill micro-roughness on MDF and particleboard at line speeds reported in industrial edge banding machines of 20–50 m/min. Melt viscosity under ASTM D3236 at 190°C is generally maintained between 1800 mPa·s and 3000 mPa·s; values above 3500 mPa·s reduce transfer from the heated roller and produce adhesive starvation on the banding edge, while values below 1200 mPa·s increase squeeze-out. The production process uses an automatic edge banding machine with a pre-melt tank at 180–190°C, heated roller application, and pressure roller consolidation at 0.3–0.6 MPa; the panel is then trimmed, flash-scraped, and polished. Terminal products include office desktops, kitchen cabinet doors, closet shelving, and retail display panels. Compliance for EU furniture exports rests on REACH (EC 1907/2006) SVHC screening and the absence of restricted substances under REACH Annex XVII; U.S. finished composite wood panels are subject to TSCA Title VI formaldehyde emission limits, although the hot melt adhesive itself is not a formaldehyde emitter. The critical process boundary is temperature: vinyl acetate elimination accelerates above 190°C and forms acetic acid that corrodes uncoated aluminum pre-melt tanks; therefore, edge banding systems running EVAtech EVA 140S/28G should use stainless steel or chrome-plated melt-contact surfaces and limit reservoir residence time to ≤8 h at 185°C.
In polymer-modified bitumen membranes, EVA copolymers with high vinyl acetate content are added to increase cohesion, widen service temperature range, and reduce flow at elevated roof temperatures. EVAtech EVA 140S/28G is dispersed into oxidized or straight-run bitumen at 2–6 wt%, with 3–4 wt% being the most frequent reference range for waterproofing membrane compounds; the high melt flow rate permits dispersion with shorter mixing cycles than low-MI EVA grades, while the 28 wt% VA content improves low-temperature flexibility, evaluated under EN 1109, and compatibility with polar bitumen fractions. Formulation may be paired with 0.2–0.5 wt% of a thermal stabilizer to limit deacetylation during storage. Downstream processing uses a heated high-shear mixer or rotor-stator homogenizer at 170–190°C and 1000–5000 rpm for 1–3 h, followed by transfer to a 160°C agitated storage tank under a nitrogen blanket. The modified bitumen is then coated onto polyester or fiberglass reinforcement at 150–170°C and finished with sanded or film surfaces. Terminal products include torch-applied roofing membranes, self-adhesive waterproofing sheets, and foundation damp-proofing layers. Compliance is anchored to EN 14023:2010 for polymer-modified bitumen specification, with test methods EN 1426 or ASTM D5 for penetration, EN 1427 or ASTM D36 for softening point, and ASTM D5976 for polymer-modified asphalt cement grading where applicable. Operational boundaries are sharply defined: mixing at temperatures above 190°C causes EVA deacetylation and bitumen oxidation that can lower penetration and embrittle the membrane; mixing below 165°C with 140 g/10 min EVA still requires sufficient shear to prevent polymer globules larger than 50 μm, which are detectable in fluorescence microscopy and associated with premature crack propagation.
The migration of naphthenic and white mineral oils from hot melt pressure-sensitive adhesives into paper facestocks, silicone liners, or food contact surfaces becomes a measurable failure mode when label clarity and regulatory compliance are evaluated after accelerated aging. EVAtech EVA 140S/28G is used at 20–35 wt% in HMPSA formulations as a high-melt-flow polar backbone that partially replaces plasticizing oil, reducing total oil from a conventional 20–25 wt% to 12–18 wt% while maintaining slot-die processability. The balance of the formulation comprises 40–50 wt% hydrogenated rosin ester or aliphatic hydrocarbon tackifier and 0.5–1.0 wt% antioxidant. Melt viscosity at 150°C under ASTM D3236 is typically targeted between 3000 mPa·s and 8000 mPa·s for coat weight control and clean die lips; the high melt index of the EVA reduces shear heating and allows start-up at 130–150°C, lower than EVA grades with melt flow rates below 50 g/10 min. The downstream process is a hot melt coating line with a heated slot-die or roller coater at 140–170°C, casting onto a release-coated paper or polyester liner at 15–40 g/m² dry coat weight, followed by lamination to paper or film face stock and die-cutting. Terminal products include permanent and removable labels, packaging tape, and graphic mounting films. For food-label applications, formulations may be evaluated under FDA 21 CFR 175.125 as pressure-sensitive adhesives intended for food packaging; EU finished articles fall under Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004, with Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 overall migration testing where a plastic food-contact layer is present. Peel adhesion is measured by ASTM D3330 or PSTC-101, and loop tack by ASTM D6195. The critical limitation is shear at elevated temperature: the high VA content lowers cohesive strength, so shearing at ≥20°C above room temperature can reduce static shear resistance; HMPSA formulators compensate with higher tackifier glass transition temperature or small additions of high-molecular-weight styrenic block copolymer when shear adhesion failure is observed.
Lost-wax investment casting requires pattern media that combine low melt viscosity for die injection, high wax hardness for room-temperature dimensional stability, and controlled ash residue upon autoclave dewaxing. EVAtech EVA 140S/28G is added at 3–8 wt% to pattern wax blends containing paraffin, microcrystalline wax, hydrocarbon resin, and optionally 5–15 wt% of an inert filler; the 28 wt% vinyl acetate content improves compatibility with resin modifiers and increases pattern toughness, while the 140 g/10 min melt flow rate permits blending at 130–160°C without high-shear equipment. Melt blend preparation uses a jacketed stirred vessel, with filtration through 100 μm mesh to remove undispersed polymer or filler agglomerates. Pattern injection is performed at 60–75°C into aluminum dies under 0.5–2.0 MPa injection pressure; after cooling, the patterns are assembled onto wax trees, coated with ceramic slurry, dried, and dewaxed in an autoclave at approximately 150–170°C and 0.5–0.7 MPa steam. Terminal products include ceramic shell molds for aerospace turbine blades, impellers, orthopaedic implants, and high-integrity pump components. Compliance for pattern wax is not defined by a single harmonized EU or US standard; supplier qualification is generally managed under ISO 9001:2015 process control, with material characterization per ASTM D3418 melting point, ASTM D1321 needle penetration, and ISO 1133-1:2022 melt flow verification. Published third-party data for this exact melt flow grade in investment casting are limited; the addition range is an industrial reference and requires pilot-scale validation for each wax chemistry. The operational limit is ash residue: filler and polymer selection must avoid metal-containing fillers that yield non-removable ceramic inclusions, and EVA grades with catalyst residues or gel particles above 100 μm are unsuitable because they produce surface defects on the shell inner face after steam dewaxing.
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Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers containing a vinyl acetate mass fraction of 28 wt% are positioned between semi-crystalline polyethylene and elastomeric ethylene copolymers. The EVAtech EVA 140S/28G Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer carries a nominal melt flow index of 140 g/10 min when determined under ISO 1133-1:2022 at 190 °C with a 2.16 kg mass. The vinyl acetate content is specified through infrared spectroscopy according to ISO 8985:2022 or ASTM D5594-98. Density at 23 °C is class-typically reported between 0.945 g/cm³ and 0.965 g/cm³ under ISO 1183-1. The high melt-flow index separates the grade from low- and medium-flow EVA resins used in films, encapsulants, and structural foams; those resins commonly display melt-flow values between 1 g/10 min and 25 g/10 min. Because reactor lot data and additive package changes shift final values, specification acceptance should be based on the manufacturer certificate of analysis. Published multi-lot mechanical data for this specific EVAtech configuration are limited in open literature; class-typical ranges are therefore provided as engineering comparisons rather than guaranteed product limits.
EVA resins with this vinyl acetate content are selected where adhesion to polar substrates, low-temperature flexibility, and compatibility with tackifiers are required. Compared with 14 wt% VA copolymers, the 28 wt% material exhibits reduced crystallinity, a lower and broader melting endotherm, and stronger interaction with aluminium, polyester, paper, and untreated polar fillers. Compared with 33 wt% or 40 wt% VA copolymers, the 28 wt% grade retains sufficient ethylene sequence length for blocking resistance and cohesive strength in formulated compounds. These differences direct use toward hot-melt adhesives, wax modification, and polymer compounds where both flow and polar adhesion are required simultaneously.
Inserted acetate groups disrupt the regularity of ethylene sequences. The crystalline melting point measured by differential scanning calorimetry under ISO 11357-3 at 10 °C/min generally falls between 55 °C and 85 °C for this VA class, compared with 95 °C to 110 °C for lower-VA EVA copolymers. The glass transition temperature is broad and commonly observed between -30 °C and -15 °C. These thermal transitions explain the lower processing temperature and softer low-temperature response. The polar acetate group increases the surface energy of the melt, improving wetting of metal oxides and hydroxyl-bearing substrates. In hot-melt adhesive formulations, this polarity supports peel adhesion to polyethylene terephthalate and corrugated board without the higher plasticizer loadings required by some ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers.
Peel adhesion is substrate-specific. On aluminium or polyester, ASTM D903 or ISO 11339 is commonly used depending on joint geometry. The measured force is controlled by formulation variables, including tackifier, wax, processing temperature, and coating weight, rather than by the polymer alone. Published data for the neat resin isolated from formulated adhesive compounds are limited for this specific configuration.
Thermogravimetric analysis of EVA copolymers under nitrogen shows a two-stage mass loss: acetic acid elimination followed by hydrocarbon backbone degradation. Screening should be conducted at 10 °C/min under nitrogen using ASTM E2550 or ISO 11358-1. The onset temperature is influenced by heating rate and metal contamination, and apparent activation energies for acetic acid elimination are not single-valued material constants. These thermal data support the upper processing limit but do not replace production-scale monitoring.
Capillary rheometry under ISO 11443 is preferred over melt-flow index for die and nozzle design because the melt-flow index is a single-point parameter. At 180 °C, the material is expected to show shear-thinning behaviour; the apparent viscosity at 100 s⁻¹ may be one order of magnitude lower than at 10 s⁻¹. Exact viscosity curves for EVAtech EVA 140S/28G are not available in multi-lot public reports, so vendor capillary rheometry data should be used for sizing gear pumps, screen packs, and slot dies.
In hot-melt adhesive compounding lines using L/D 25:1 to 36:1 twin-screw extruders, the high melt-flow index reduces melt pressure at constant screw speed when compared with 6 g/10 min EVA. The resin is introduced at the feed throat with pre-dried regrind when the storage environment exceeds 60 % relative humidity. A vented barrel with reduced pressure is applied when melt temperatures above 180 °C are maintained for more than a few minutes; EVA releases acetic acid under severe thermal stress, and the vapour is corrosive to carbon steel downstream surfaces. The molten material is filtered through screen packs of 100 µm to 250 µm and delivered to slot dies or spray nozzles. Brookfield viscosity of finished hot-melt formulations is monitored using ASTM D3236-88 with an SC4-27 spindle at 180 °C; the target viscosity depends on coating line speed and substrate porosity. Equipment set points for this class are commonly 160 °C to 190 °C, while sustained operation above 200 °C is avoided because degradation rate increases sharply. Hot-melt tanks with nitrogen blanketing and tight temperature control limit viscosity drift and char formation. Batch-to-batch variation is monitored by in-line melt pressure transducers; a pressure deviation greater than ±5 % at constant screw speed may indicate a lot shift or feed hopper bridging.
In polymer modification, the grade is added to polyolefin compounds to increase filler wetting and stress-cracking resistance. In low-shear internal mixers, the lower melt viscosity permits shorter cycle times and reduced heat history when compared with a 25 wt% VA, 10 g/10 min EVA. Dispersion of calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and carbon black is improved when the copolymer is blended under controlled shear at melt temperatures below the acetic acid elimination threshold. The specific mixing torque reduction should be measured on the target mixer; published torque values for this exact grade are limited.
Substitution of EVAtech EVA 140S/28G into a film or profile extrusion line designed for 3 g/10 min to 10 g/10 min EVA changes pressure consumption, melt strength, and cooling behaviour. Screw torque and die pressure drop decline because the high melt-flow index reduces apparent viscosity. In blown film, the bubble may show reduced stability at high blow-up ratios because melt strength is lower; machine-direction draw should be limited and air ring pressure reduced. In thick-wall profile extrusion, the high-flow material may sag before solidification unless haul-off speed and water bath temperature are adjusted. The grade is not a drop-in replacement for structural EVA where the part must retain high cohesive strength or dimensional stability under load. The table below gives directional property contrasts for substitution at constant vinyl acetate content.
| Variable | EVAtech EVA 140S/28G class | Structural comparison: 28 wt% VA, MI 8 g/10 min |
| Melt flow index by ISO 1133-1:2022 | 140 g/10 min | 8 g/10 min |
| Melt viscosity at 190 °C | Low | Higher |
| Melt strength | Low | Higher |
| Extruder die pressure at equal throughput | Lower | Higher |
| Tensile strength at break by ISO 527-2 | Lower class range, commonly 3 MPa to 8 MPa for high-MI grades | Higher class range, commonly 10 MPa to 20 MPa for low-MI grades |
| Elongation at break by ISO 527-2 | 400 % to 800 % typical class range | 600 % to 1000 % typical class range |
| Heat resistance under load | Lower | Higher |
| Coating line sprayability | Lower application temperature required | Requires higher temperature and pressure |
Tensile and elongation values in the table are class-typical and not lot-specific. Before substituting the grade, the operational window should be confirmed on the target line because high-flow EVA can cause seal-bar contamination in form-fill-seal operations if the melt temperature is too high. The resin should not be melt-blended with readily oxidizing agents or with materials that generate strong acids; acetic acid released during degradation is corrosive to downstream carbon steel surfaces.
Regulatory evaluation is formulation-dependent. Food-contact adhesives containing the polymer are evaluated under 21 CFR 175.105; the polymer itself may fall under 21 CFR 177.1350 when used in certain food-contact articles, but migration testing is required on the finished article. Low-voltage electrical and electronic applications are assessed under RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, and EU supply chains require registration and safety data under REACH. The following matrix lists typical test methods used to verify the grade.
| Property or requirement | Reference or test condition |
| Melt flow index | ISO 1133-1:2022, 190 °C/2.16 kg |
| Vinyl acetate content | ISO 8985:2022 or ASTM D5594-98 |
| Density | ISO 1183-1, 23 °C |
| Melting and crystallization transitions | ISO 11357-3, 10 °C/min |
| Tensile properties | ISO 527-2, 50 mm/min |
| Hardness | ISO 868 or ASTM D2240 |
| Hot-melt viscosity | ASTM D3236-88, SC4-27 spindle |
| Food-contact adhesive | 21 CFR 175.105 |
| Food-contact polymer | 21 CFR 177.1350 |
| EU electrical and electronic restrictions | RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU |
Wax blending and coating lines use the same balance of flow and polarity. Paraffin and microcrystalline wax formulations are modified with 28 wt% VA EVA to increase viscosity, extend open time, and reduce surface brittleness. In wax coating lines, the high-flow grade permits addition at 150 °C to 170 °C without pre-dispersion when a high-shear impeller is used. Compared with 18 wt% VA EVA, lower crystallinity reduces haze in thin coatings but also lowers blocking resistance; paraffin type and congealing point must therefore be selected using the vendor congealing point method. Compared with 33 wt% VA EVA, the 28 wt% resin is less polar for metal-foil adhesion but offers better smear resistance. Production-scale wax coating lines using slot-die heads have reported lower charge pressure relative to lower-flow EVA; quantitative pressure data for this specific grade are limited in public literature.
