| HS Code | 621384 |
| Product Name | Covinax 114-00 |
| Chemical Family | Polycarbonate polyol |
| Appearance | White waxy solid |
| Hydroxyl Value | 114 mg KOH/g |
| Acid Value | < 1 mg KOH/g |
| Water Content | < 0.1% |
| Viscosity At 75 C | 1800 mPa·s |
| Density At 75 C | 1.03 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 50°C |
| Color Apha | < 50 |
| Functionality | 2 |
| Number Average Molecular Weight | ≈ 1000 g/mol |
As an accredited Covinax 114-00 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Covinax 114-00 is packaged in 200 kg net steel drums, tightly sealed and stored dry to maintain product integrity. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Covinax 114-00 is loaded as 20′ FCL, secured in standard drums on pallets, with proper segregation and ventilation per chemical safety guidelines. |
| Shipping | Per SDS: Covinax 114-00 is shipped as UN 3082, Environmentally Hazardous Substance, Liquid, N.O.S. (Covinax 114-00), Class 9, Packing Group III. Pack in UN-approved drums or IBCs, label appropriately, secure on pallets, and transport with hazmat documentation, emergency contact, and spill containment. |
| Storage | Store Covinax 114-00 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers or acids. Keep the container tightly sealed when not in use, preferably in its original packaging. Maintain temperatures within recommended range, avoid freezing, and ensure secondary containment to prevent spills. Follow local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Covinax 114-00 has a shelf life of 12 months when stored unopened in its original container, in a cool, dry place away from heat and moisture. |
In spiral paper tube and core winding, the polyvinyl acetate homopolymer emulsion is metered through engraved steel transfer rolls directly onto the travelling paper ply immediately upstream of the winding mandrel. Helical winding lines operating at 40–120 m/min demand a Brookfield viscosity (ISO 2555, 25 °C, spindle 4 at 20 rpm) for this product class typically within the 2,500–4,500 mPa·s range to prevent starvation at the metering nip without generating fibre lift on lightweight kraft; published data for this specific configuration is limited, and line qualification should incorporate a rheology sweep across 20–200 s⁻¹ to confirm shear stability under engraved-roll conditions. Formula addition ratio in this application is generally 100% as supplied; process adjustments for hot ambient conditions above 30 °C introduce 5–10 wt% deionized water to extend open time and delay skin formation on the transfer roll, while dilution beyond 10 wt% is excluded because ply soak-in accelerates to a degree that wet tack falls below the initial bond threshold required at the rotary knife. The downstream production process employs continuous spiral tube winders with chrome-plated grooved metering rolls, polyurethane doctor blades, and synchronized rotary knife units cutting 30–60 tube lengths/min; the adhesive film must therefore develop sufficient cohesive strength within 10–25 s of ply contact under ambient air at 20–23 °C and 40–60% relative humidity. Terminal product types include paperboard cores for synthetic film, aluminium foil, textile and tissue winding, with dimensional tolerances specified under ISO 11093-4. Compliance for food-adjacent applications is verified under FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for indirect food contact adhesives; REACH Article 33 notification applies if any substance of very high concern exceeds 0.1 wt%, and EU Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 requires demonstration that no adhesive component migrates through the outer wrap in detectable quantity.
For rigid setup box and case-making operations, the polyvinyl acetate homopolymer emulsion is applied through contoured glue wheels or slot nozzles at 25–40 g/m² wet film weight across the full surface of 1.5–3.0 mm greyboard panels before the printed wrap sheet is registered and bonded under pressure. Wrap stock for this segment ranges from 115–157 g/m² coated art paper to microfibre and Jacquard book cloth, all of which demand a specific balance of open time (typically 60–180 s at 20–22 °C) and immediate tack to permit repositioning without curl-induced lift at the folded edge. Formula addition ratio for case-making machines is usually 100% as supplied, though operators introduce 3–7 wt% deionized water when ambient relative humidity drops below 30% to slow skin formation on glue wheels during shift changes; plasticizer or solvent addition is not recommended because it increases post-assembly migration and risks staining of light-coloured wrap media. The downstream production process consists of automatic case-making lines equipped with vacuum pick-and-place wrap feeders, pneumatic wrap rollers applying 0.4–0.6 MPa nip pressure, and heated turning-in stations for edge folding; machines run at 20–40 cases/min depending on format. Terminal product types include rigid presentation boxes for cosmetics, spirits, confectionery and board games. The industry compliance framework for this segment aligns with EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021 migration limits for toy packaging where board game boxes fall under accessible play components, FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for chocolate and biscuit gift cartons, and REACH Annex XVII restrictions on restricted phthalates if flexible wrap coatings are co-processed.
Perfect binding systems using cold polyvinyl acetate homopolymer emulsions are specified for medium-volume book finishing lines where spine feed rates remain below 5,000 cycles/hour and the capital cost of EVA hot-melt systems is not justified by run length. The adhesive is injected into the notched spine after milling via spray or extrusion nozzles; a second application of the same emulsion secures the cover to the spine hinges. Initial adhesion must develop within 5–15 s to prevent block wear and page pull-out prior to the three-knife trimmer, while final bond strength is tested after 24 h conditioning at 23 °C and 50% RH per ASTM D1876-08 T-peel configuration; a minimum average peel strength of 450 N/m at the adhesive-to-paper interface is considered acceptable for 80 g/m² uncoated text pages. Formula addition ratio for spine application is 100% as supplied, but hinge coverage requires blending with 10–20 wt% of a vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) emulsion to reduce cold-crack temperature below −5 °C and avoid hinge fracture during low-temperature distribution; published data for this specific configuration is limited and blend optimization must be verified against the end customer's storage climate. The downstream production process includes a milling station cutting a 0.5–1.0 mm notched surface, a cold glue spine application unit, a cover nipping station applying 0.8–1.2 MPa lateral pressure, and a drying conveyor with infrared assistance; total moisture content of the final book block must return to 6–8% before shrink wrapping. Terminal product types include softcover books, instruction manuals, catalogues, and annual reports. Industry compliance for this downstream segment references LBI (Library Binding Institute) technical guidelines for page-pull strength after 100,000-cycle flex testing, ISO 11800 terminology for binding methods, and REACH substance registration for European distribution.
Where high-speed folder-gluer lines convert flat die-cut blanks into erected cartons, the side-seam adhesive must tolerate machine speeds of 250–500 m/min and compression belt dwell times below 1.5 s while generating sufficient bond strength to resist spring-back of creased board. The PVAc homopolymer emulsion is applied at 2–5 g/m² as a thin bead through electronically synchronized extrusion nozzles onto the left-side glue flap, with application triggered by photocell registration of the leading edge. Formula addition ratio in this downstream process is generally 100% as supplied; when ambient relative humidity exceeds 70%, the adhesive is not diluted because excess water delays compression-set development and increases fibre soak-in, while in arid conditions below 35% RH an addition of 3–5 wt% deionized water is permissible to prevent premature bead formation before the compression section. The production line includes a feeder, an aligning station, pre-breaker, side-seam gluing unit, folding hooks, and a compression belt where 0.5–0.8 MPa uniform pressure is maintained for 1.5–3.0 s; downstream ejection and counting follow immediately. Terminal product types include tuck-end folding cartons for pharmaceutical blisters, dry food packaging, personal care items, and sift-proof bottom bags with four-corner gluing. The applicable compliance matrix for food-contacting cartons incorporates FDA 21 CFR 176.170 for paperboard components in contact with aqueous and fatty foods, FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for the adhesive layer, CONEG model legislation limits for the sum of lead, cadmium, mercury and hexavalent chromium below 100 mg/kg, and EU Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 with supporting migration testing conducted on the finished carton rather than on the adhesive film alone.
In wood assembly operations, polyvinyl acetate homopolymer emulsions are applied by roller spreader or extruded bead to machined edge surfaces at 150–200 g/m² single-side wet film weight before panels are joined under pressure. The bonding requirement for interior, non-structural applications is defined in EN 204:2016-08 as Durability Class D1 (indoor applications at temperatures below 50 °C and limited moisture exposure) and D2 (indoor with short-term water exposure from condensation or spillage); the corresponding shear strength is measured per EN 205:2016-08 on beech test pieces after 7 days conditioning and must exceed 10 N/mm² for D1 dry storage. ASTM D905 provides the compression shear test method for wood-to-wood adhesive bonds, with typical pass values for PVAc homopolymer systems at 12–15 N/mm² on maple substrates conditioned at 23 °C and 50% RH. Formula addition ratio for cold-press edge gluing is 100% as supplied in most shops, but for machine applicators with air-assisted spray, 5–10 wt% deionized water dilution is introduced to lower viscosity and improve atomization; open assembly time at 20 °C runs 5–15 min under workshop conditions, and clamping pressure of 0.5–1.0 N/mm² is maintained for 15–30 min before the panel is released for further processing. Radio-frequency curing can reduce total dwell to 3–5 min at 27.12 MHz when integrated into the press cycle. Terminal product types include edge-glued laminated panels for tabletops, cabinet sides, stair treads, chair seats and furniture components. Chemical compliance for this downstream segment is dictated by CARB Phase 2 or TSCA Title VI for the wood substrate rather than the adhesive, while REACH registration is mandatory for shipment into the EU and the adhesive film must not contribute free formaldehyde above 0.05 ppm when tested per EN 717-3 jar method if the customer specifies low-emission assembly.
When sheet-fed laminators produce film-laminated printed matter at line speeds below 30 m/min, the PVAc homopolymer emulsion functions as a wet lamination adhesive between the printed paper surface and clear polypropylene or polyester film. The emulsion is delivered through a two-roll applicator system at 12–18 g/m² wet film weight; on roll-fed lamination equipment running offset-printed webs, this range is raised to 15–20 g/m² to compensate for faster evaporation and shorter open time. Formula addition ratio depends on the film corona surface energy: for BOPP film treated to 38–42 dynes/cm, the adhesive is applied 100% as supplied; for PET film treated above 44 dynes/cm, dilution with 5–10 wt% deionized water improves leveling and reduces optical haze, but dilution above 12 wt% is excluded because it disrupts the wetting front on the film and creates visible streaks under dark-field inspection. The downstream production process consists of an infeed section for printed sheets, a film unwind with tension control, an adhesive application unit, a laminating nip operating at 0.6–1.0 MPa and 60–80 °C roll temperature for rapid evaporation, and a cooling/delivery section; curl adjustment is achieved by counter-moisturizing the reverse side of the sheet if curl exceeds 1.5% after 24 h conditioning under 600 N/m² stacking pressure. Terminal product types include film-laminated book covers, retail point-of-sale graphics, folding carton outer wraps with gloss or matte protection, and wet-applied labels on glass and HDPE containers. Industry compliance references ASTM D1876-08 T-peel for bond strength and ISO 11339:2022 for peel test specimens of flexible laminates; food-contact laminated structures additionally fall under FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for the adhesive layer, with EU Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 requiring specific migration testing of the complete laminate, not the adhesive alone, for total non-volatile extractives below 10 mg/dm².
| Downstream sector | Regulatory framework | Standard / test designation | Measured parameter or limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Folding carton direct food contact | US FDA | 21 CFR 176.170 | Component requirements for aqueous and fatty food types |
| Folding carton direct food contact | US FDA | 21 CFR 175.105 | Adhesive layer compliance for indirect food contact |
| Folding carton direct food contact | EU | Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 | Article 3 general safety; no unacceptable constituent transfer |
| Spiral core indirect food contact | US FDA | 21 CFR 175.105 | Indirect food contact adhesive; no migration objection |
| Rigid box toy-adjacent packaging | EU | EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021 | Element migration limits for accessible play components |
| Film-to-paper lamination | ISO / ASTM | ISO 11339:2022 / ASTM D1876-08 | Floating roller peel strength; specimen conditioning |
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Covinax 114-00 is an aqueous polymer dispersion supplied under the Covinax trade-name model designation 114-00. The product is intended for waterborne adhesive compounding, coating, and lamination operations in which controlled water removal, substrate wetting, and film formation govern bond quality. The model designation identifies a specific film-forming copolymer and stabilizer package; the exact comonomer ratio, particle-size distribution, and surfactant system are proprietary to the manufacturer. Lot-specific quantitative limits for total solids, pH, Brookfield viscosity, density, residual monomer, and coagulum content are reported in the certificate of analysis and current technical data sheet. No single numerical value from a third-party summary should replace the lot release document, because commercial emulsion properties vary within controlled specification bands. Because the product is an emulsion, particle size and surface charge also influence shear stability. Particle-size distribution is measured by laser diffraction according to ISO 13320:2020 or dynamic light scattering according to ISO 22412:2017; coagulum is quantified by filtration through a 45 µm screen. The supplier may also report mechanical stability by high-shear mixing at 8,000 rpm for 10 min and measuring coagulum formation. These data are not usually printed on a one-page summary; they are available in the extended technical data package or by request.
The specifications of Covinax 114-00 are expressed through standard test methods, not through visual inspection. Total non-volatile matter is determined by ISO 3251:2019 using a forced-air oven at 105 °C for 60 min; this method reports the combined polymer, surfactant, and non-volatile additive content as mass percent. pH is measured with a calibrated glass electrode in accordance with ISO 976:2013 at 25 °C. Brookfield viscosity is measured in accordance with ISO 2555:2018 on a Brookfield RVT viscometer with spindle 3 at 20 rpm and 25 °C, reported in millipascal-seconds. Density is determined by ISO 2811-1:2023 at 25 °C and expressed in grams per cubic centimetre. Minimum film formation temperature is measured on a temperature-gradient bar in accordance with ASTM D 2354-10 and reported in degrees Celsius. These methods provide the release-test framework for the product.
| Test property | Standard designation | Measurement condition | Reporting unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-volatile matter | ISO 3251:2019 | 105 °C, 60 min | mass % |
| pH | ISO 976:2013 | 25 °C | dimensionless |
| Brookfield viscosity | ISO 2555:2018 | Brookfield RVT, spindle 3, 20 rpm, 25 °C | mPa·s |
| Density | ISO 2811-1:2023 | 25 °C | g/cm³ |
| Minimum film formation temperature | ASTM D 2354-10 | temperature-gradient bar | °C |
| Peel adhesion | ASTM D 903-98 | 180°, stainless steel, 300 mm/min | N/25 mm |
| Static shear | ASTM D 3654/D 3654M-06 | 1 kg, 25 °C, 25.4 mm × 25.4 mm | h |
| Probe tack | ASTM D 2979-16 | controlled crosshead speed | N |
Lot acceptance limits are derived from these methods and usually include a total solids band of ±1 percentage point around the target value and a pH band of ±0.5 around the target value. The certificate of analysis states the actual lot result and the specification range. A comparison of repeatability data between production batches provides the basis for statistical process control; however, the numerical width of those bands is product-specific and should be taken from the supplier’s current release specification rather than inferred from other emulsion products. The solids determination by ISO 3251:2019 is not always equivalent to the polymer content measured by thermogravimetric analysis, because surfactant and inorganic stabilizers may remain as residue. For formulation mass balance on a production line, the user should calculate dry adhesive deposit from the total solids value and the coating density, then verify by ASTM D 6132-13 dry-film thickness measurement using an eddy-current or ultrasonic gauge on metal back-up rolls. Discrepancies between calculated and measured dry coat weight above 5 % usually indicate transfer efficiency loss, viscosity drift, or coating-head wear, not a product solids error.
Film formation from an aqueous dispersion such as Covinax 114-00 proceeds by water evaporation, particle packing, and polymer interdiffusion. The critical processing variables in roll-to-roll coating are wet-film thickness, drying-air temperature in the first convection zone, air velocity, and dew point. When a slot-die or comma-roll coater deposits a wet film above 100 µm and the first drying-zone air temperature exceeds 120 °C, the surface can form a closed skin before water vapour has fully escaped. This class-typical failure mode produces microblisters, pinholes, or a mottled surface in the dried adhesive. It is controlled by staging the drying tunnel so that the initial zone operates at or below the minimum film formation temperature of the compounded product, followed by a higher-temperature zone after the film has reached a partially coalesced state. At ambient relative humidity above 60 %, the exhaust humidity in the drying tunnel should be monitored because water uptake by the wet adhesive can slow film formation.
Rheological conditioning should be evaluated with a cone-and-plate or parallel-plate rheometer at 25 °C across a shear-rate sweep from 0.1 s⁻¹ to 1,000 s⁻¹. Coating-grade formulations typically exhibit shear-thinning behaviour. The low-shear viscosity in the range 0.1–1.0 s⁻¹ controls levelling after metering, while the high-shear viscosity at 1,000 s⁻¹ controls transfer from an anilox or gravure cylinder. On a rotating roller coater, class-typical high-shear viscosity below 200 mPa·s at 1,000 s⁻¹ can produce misting; above 800 mPa·s at the same shear rate can result in transfer starvation and discontinuous coating. Published data for Covinax 114-00 in specific coaters is limited; pilot-scale trials using the intended roll configuration remain the accepted control step. Slot-die coating modules with vacuum boxes are used to control the coating bead at speeds up to 150 m/min. The vacuum level is set just high enough to stabilise the upstream meniscus; excessive vacuum induces air entrainment. Comma-roll coating requires roll-gap accuracy of ±5 µm or better across the web width. Gravure coating uses an engraved cylinder with cell volume selected for the target wet deposit; class-typical cell volumes for adhesive coatings range from 30 cm³/m² to 80 cm³/m² depending on solids and target dry coat weight. These setting ranges are process starting points and must be confirmed for the specific lot of Covinax 114-00.
Formulators frequently adjust the pH of the as-supplied dispersion before thickening. A volatile base such as ammonium hydroxide or 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol may be added under low-shear agitation at 300–600 rpm to raise pH into a range of 5.0–7.0. This step modifies the ionisation of acid-functional groups and governs the response to alkali-swellable or associative rheology modifiers. High-shear dispersion above 3,000 rpm during neutralisation can entrain air as microfoam, which may persist through coating and drying. Thickener solutions should be added as a diluted stream, and the final viscosity should be measured after 24 h equilibration at 25 °C, because associative networks reorganize slowly. In production tanks, low-shear sweep agitation at 10–20 rpm is preferred over high-speed dispersers once the product has been thickened. If a glyoxal-based crosslinker is incorporated, the formulation should be checked for pot-life limitations; addition of multifunctional aziridine or isocyanate crosslinkers can reduce processing time and increase viscosity within 1–4 h. Compatibility trials are required.
Pressure-sensitive and laminating bond performance is measured with standardized adhesive tests rather than inferred from bulk polymer properties. The 180° peel test is conducted in accordance with ASTM D 903-98 on stainless steel and on the intended facestock or substrate at a crosshead speed of 300 mm/min after a controlled dwell period, commonly 24 h at 25 °C and 50 % RH. Static shear resistance is measured in accordance with ASTM D 3654/D 3654M-06 with a 1 kg load over a 25.4 mm × 25.4 mm bonded area, reported as hours to failure. Probe tack can be measured by ASTM D 2979-16. No single peel or shear value is universal, because adhesive thickness, facestock stiffness, and substrate surface energy alter the stress distribution. Dynamic shear and DMA of the dried adhesive film may be used when creep resistance is critical. A temperature sweep from -20 °C to 80 °C at 1 Hz on a dynamic mechanical analyzer can identify the glass transition and the onset of flow. These data inform cold-temperature tack and elevated-temperature creep, but they do not replace the standard static shear test.
When adhesion to low-energy substrates is required, the substrate should be corona-treated to a minimum surface energy of 38–40 mN/m before coating; untreated polyethylene and polypropylene typically show reduced peel and unpredictable failure mode. If a release liner is part of the construction, the liner release level and the adhesive anchorage to facestock should be evaluated as a system. Failure mode classification—cohesive, adhesive, or transfer—should be recorded under 10× magnification. Published comparative data for Covinax 114-00 on specific low-energy films is limited; controlled pilot-laminate testing with a reference adhesive is required before full production. Compared with solventborne acrylic adhesives, Covinax 114-00 reduces volatile organic compound burden as measured by ISO 11890-2:2020; however, drying demands more heat than solventborne systems, and humid-air processing can slow bond development. Compared with hot-melt adhesive platforms, a waterborne dispersion requires a drying tunnel rather than a chilled cooling section; open-time and set time are governed by water evaporation rather than melt recrystallisation. Within waterborne emulsion portfolios, products with equivalent solids may differ substantially in glass transition temperature, stabilizer type, crosslinker reactivity, and adhesion to plasticised substrates. Substitution of Covinax 114-00 by another grade should therefore be based on side-by-side peel and shear data on the intended substrate, not on solids content alone.
The following matrix compares class-typical process variables for a waterborne dispersion such as Covinax 114-00 against solventborne acrylic and hot-melt platforms. The values are class-typical and are not lot-specific product data for Covinax 114-00.
| Variable | Waterborne dispersion | Solventborne acrylic | Hot-melt adhesive |
|---|---|---|---|
| Volatile organic compound determination | ISO 11890-2:2020; class-typical formulated products may be below 10 g/L depending on co-solvent | 300–600 g/L class-typical before incineration or recovery | below 5 g/L class-typical |
| Application temperature | 20–40 °C | 20–30 °C | 150–180 °C |
| Setting mechanism | Water evaporation, particle packing, and interdiffusion | Solvent evaporation and chain entanglement | Cooling and melt solidification |
| Primary drying/cooling requirement | Multi-zone convection dryer with staged temperature | Explosion-proof convection dryer with LEL monitoring | Chill roller or cooling section |
| Humidity sensitivity during processing | High; exhaust humidity must be controlled | Low; solvent evaporation dominates | Low; moisture can foam certain reactive hot melts |
Regulatory status is determined on the formulated adhesive, not the neat dispersion. For food-packaging adhesive applications, 21 CFR 175.105 may apply when the adhesive is separated from food by a functional barrier or when migration limits are not exceeded; the supplier’s regulatory documentation must be checked for Covinax 114-00 because a blanket compliance statement is not valid across all formulations and end uses. REACH and RoHS declarations are supplier-documented and are lot-independent only to the extent that the stated substance portfolio remains unchanged.
Storage stability is evaluated by freeze-thaw cycling in accordance with ASTM D 2243-20; aqueous dispersions should be protected from freezing and from sustained temperatures above 40 °C. If the product freezes, thawing under controlled conditions may or may not restore original rheology; mechanical stability should be retested by filtration through a 45 µm sieve and by Brookfield viscosity after thawing. Production tanks and totes should be sampled for coagulum before use, because circulation through high-shear gear pumps can destabilize shear-sensitive dispersions over time. The operational control points are therefore total solids, pH, viscosity, coagulum content, and film appearance on the actual coating line. If these variables remain within the supplier’s release limits, the product is fit for continued use in the validated application; any substitution of substrate, liner, or drying profile requires revalidation.
