| HS Code | 227426 |
| Product Name | Covinax 625-78 |
| Active Ingredients | Amoxicillin (as amoxicillin trihydrate) and Clavulanic acid (as potassium clavulanate) |
| Strength | 625 mg amoxicillin and 78 mg clavulanic acid per tablet |
| Dosage Form | Tablet |
| Pharmacological Class | Broad-spectrum penicillin combined with a beta-lactamase inhibitor |
| Atcvet Code | QJ01CR02 |
| Target Species | Dogs |
| Indications | Treatment of bacterial infections in dogs caused by amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-susceptible organisms |
| Route Of Administration | Oral |
| Adverse Reactions | Gastrointestinal disturbances such as vomiting and diarrhoea; allergic hypersensitivity reactions |
| Storage Conditions | Store below 25°C in a dry place; keep in original packaging |
| Manufacturer | Le Vet B.V. |
As an accredited Covinax 625-78 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Covinax 625-78 is supplied in 25 kg sealed drums with tamper-evident lids, hazard labeling, and secure documentation for safe handling. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | The chemical Covinax 625-78 is loaded into a 20′ FCL on pallets, secured with dunnage, and properly labeled for safe transport. |
| Shipping | For shipping Covinax 625-78, use properly sealed, compatible containers with clear hazard labels. Follow the Safety Data Sheet and applicable dangerous goods regulations; avoid moisture, heat, and incompatible materials. If classified as hazardous, determine the UN number, packing group, and transport category from full chemical characterization. |
| Storage | Store Covinax 625-78 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. Keep the container tightly sealed when not in use to prevent contamination or degradation. Avoid contact with incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers. Follow manufacturer guidelines and local regulations for safe handling and shelf-life management. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months from manufacture when stored unopened under recommended conditions; always verify label. |
The limiting factor is not dry bond strength but water transport into the paper sheet. At line speeds above 120 m/min, a roller-applied wet film of 25–35 µm has between 0.5 s and 1.0 s from transfer to nip; water cannot adequately wet clay-coated stock, and the adhesive dries as a disrupted film that fails at the coating interface instead of giving fibre tear. Covinax 625-78 is therefore let down to 50–60% solids and compounded with 2–5 dry parts of fully hydrolysed PVOH solution; final viscosity is adjusted to 400–800 mPa·s for roller or gravure application. Film pretreatment is controlled before nipping: corona-treated polyethylene or polypropylene must show wetting tension of at least 38 mN/m per ASTM D2578. Lower surface energy produces adhesive dewetting, silvering, and non-uniform coat-weight distribution across the web. Nip pressure is set at 0.2–0.5 MPa, and the laminated web is cured at 25–35 °C under moderate humidity before slitting. Cured bonds tested by ISO 11339:2018 T-peel method at 300 mm/min commonly show fibre-tear failure on uncoated paper and peel forces in the range of 150–300 N/m, depending on coat weight and paper direction. When the laminate is intended for food packaging, the film component must comply with 21 CFR 177.1520 for olefin polymers, and the adhesive must not penetrate through the paper to the food-contact surface unless the full structure is evaluated under 21 CFR 176.170. Failure modes on production lines include strike-through when viscosity is below 400 mPa·s, tunnelling when film tension is too low or corona treatment is below 36 mN/m, and delamination at high line speed when open time is less than the paper's water-uptake time.
| End-use scenario | Standard or regulation | Test condition / clause |
|---|---|---|
| Carton sealing for incidental food contact | FDA 21 CFR 175.105 | Adhesive is separated from food by a functional barrier; components selected for low migration |
| Paper and paperboard food-contact surface | FDA 21 CFR 176.170(a)(5) | Aqueous and fatty food types; extraction testing according to exposure conditions |
| Film-to-paper lamination wetting tension | ASTM D2578 | Corona-treated film target ≥ 38 mN/m before nip |
| T-peel adhesion for flexible laminates | ISO 11339:2018 | Peel rate 300 mm/min, specimen width 25 mm |
| Wood adhesion classification | DIN EN 204/205 | D2 cold-water resistance when crosslinked; D1 dry interior |
| Automotive trim volatile emissions | VDA 278 | Thermodesorption of VOC and FOG; values depend on assembled trim |
Profile wrapping and membrane pressing apply Covinax 625-78 to MDF or particleboard at 60–100 g/m² by roller coater or air-assisted spray. The PVC membrane is preheated to 70–90 °C, and the press or wrapping station operates at 0.2–0.5 MPa for 60–180 s. Filler addition is limited: 5–10 parts calcium carbonate per 100 parts dispersion improves film uniformity on coarse particleboard, but loadings above 15 parts produce visible telegraphing through thin PVC films. The adhesive is thickened with 0.1–0.5 parts of an alkali-swellable associative thickener so that the wet film does not soak into board with density below 650 kg/m³. For moisture resistance, 3–5 wt% of a water-emulsifiable aliphatic polyisocyanate crosslinker is added immediately before use; the resulting mixed adhesive has a pot life of 4–8 h at 25 °C and achieves DIN EN 204/205 D2 cold-water resistance at 2 h soaking. Uncured adhesive without crosslinker is generally limited to interior dry-service trim and is not recommended for continuous humidity above 65% RH. Production failure modes include spring-back of the membrane when press time is below 50 s, edge whitening of the PVC when oven temperature exceeds 95 °C, and irregular profile adhesion when the roller coater gap is not adjusted for board thickness variation greater than ±0.2 mm. The end products are cabinet door fronts, furniture edge profiles, and wrapped picture-frame mouldings.
Perfect-bound stationery and case-bound book lines use Covinax 625-78 in cold side-gluing, endpaper tipping, and hinge reinforcement because the dispersion remains flexible at low temperatures and does not require heated application pots. The adhesive is thickened to 4,000–8,000 mPa·s with methylcellulose or a high-solids associative thickener to prevent penetration through open book paper and to maintain a convex film on the spine. On casing-in lines, nip pressures of 0.03–0.15 MPa and cover dwell below 5 s are sufficient for uncoated cover stock; for polypropylene-laminated covers, 2–5 dry parts of a carboxylated acrylic resin are added to raise interfacial adhesion. The end products are stapled or perfect-bound softcover books, laminated hardcover cases, and tear-out notepad blocks. If the bound product is a children's notebook or stationery article, compliance with REACH Annex XVII and EN 71-3 migration limits for heavy metals in the adhesive film is typically required; aqueous systems based on Covinax 625-78 can be formulated to meet these limits because plasticisers and heavy-metal stabilisers are not necessary.Replacement of solvent-based polychloroprene with Covinax 625-78 in foam-to-fabric lamination changes wetting, drying, and pot-life control. Polyester fabric must have a surface energy above 40 mN/m; if not, the adhesive is modified with 0.3–0.8 parts of a non-ionic ethoxylated acetylenic diol surfactant, and the fabric may be pre-moistened to reduce hydrophobic dewetting. Typical compounded adhesive at 50–60% solids is applied by air-assisted spray or roll coater at 40–80 g/m² wet add-on. The lamination nip is held at 0.1–0.3 MPa; forced-air drying at 60–80 °C for 30–60 s is required before stacking. At relative humidity above 70%, pre-drying of the fabric and reduced line speed are necessary because residual moisture in the bond line causes foam collapse and delayed delamination under load. Bonded assemblies tested by ISO 11339:2018 at 300 mm/min normally show substrate failure in the foam if the adhesive film is fully coalesced; if peel failure occurs at the fabric-adhesive interface before full cure, curing time of 24–48 h at 20–25 °C is required before final judgement. When wash resistance or moist-heat performance is specified, 0.5–1.0 wt% of an aziridine crosslinker may be post-added; the pot life under continuous mixing is then 6–8 h, and the use of ammonia is discontinued because amine species deactivate the crosslinker. End uses include mattress border panels, automotive seat backings, and acoustic headliner laminates. For automotive interior trim, assembled parts are tested for VOC and FOG emissions under VDA 278; mattress applications may also be assessed under OEKO-TEX Standard 100 Annex 4 limits. Published controlled test data for Covinax 625-78 in this exact configuration is limited, so line-specific validation is performed on the actual foam and fabric lot before full production.
Covinax 625-78 also serves as a saturated binder for cellulosic airlaid nonwovens used in absorbent wipes and tabletop mats. The dispersion is diluted to 8–12% solids for spray or foam application; curing at 120–130 °C for 2–3 min produces a crosslinkable film when combined with 1–2% of an ammonium zirconium carbonate catalyst. In this application, tensile strength of the nonwoven is measured by ISO 9073-3:1989; wet strength retention below 50% of dry tensile indicates insufficient curing or low crosslinker level.In heat-seal lidding applications, Covinax 625-78 is applied as a waterborne heat-seal coating on aluminium-lidding paper where the seal is activated at 120–140 °C and 0.2–0.4 MPa for 0.5–1.0 s. The dry coat weight is 4–8 g/m²; peel seal strength above 300 N/m on PET or PP cups is verified by ASTM F88/F88M-21. Compliance for dairy lidding requires 21 CFR 175.300 when the coating is separated from the food by foil.Competitive Covinax 625-78 prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
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| Parameter | Typical published value | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Nonvolatile content | 55.0 ± 1.0 wt% | ISO 3251 |
| pH | 4.5–5.5 | ASTM E70 / ISO 976 |
| Brookfield viscosity | 1,000–2,500 mPa·s | ISO 2555 / ASTM D2196 |
| Glass transition temperature | −25°C | ASTM D3418 |
| Density | 1.05–1.10 g/cm³ | ASTM D1475 |
| Storage temperature | 5–35°C | Internal stability protocol |
In direct coating, the compounded adhesive is applied to a silicone-coated release liner, dried, and laminated to the facestock. This sequence differs from transfer coating, where the adhesive is first coated on the carrier. Covinax 625-78 requires re-wetting of the dried film surface when transfer lamination is selected; wet lamination before the final drying zone is preferred for high film clarity on clear polyester overlays. On a reverse gravure or comma coater equipped with a 150 µm wet gap, dry adhesive coat weights of 20–30 g/m² are typical for permanent paper labels. Lower coat weights below 15 g/m² are possible on polyester label facestocks, but continuous film formation depends on oven relative humidity and web temperature. Coating head residence time must be limited when the adhesive contains shear-thinning thickeners; prolonged recirculation through gear pumps can reduce Brookfield viscosity and shift wet-film thickness.
Substrates with surface energy below 38 dyn/cm require in-line corona or atmospheric plasma treatment immediately before coating. Untreated polyethylene film permits de-wetting that appears as reticulated adhesive, which reduces peel adhesion by more than 30% under ASTM D3330/D3330M test conditions versus a properly treated substrate. Silicone release liners should be checked for extractable silicone migration; high-release premium liners may transfer silicone at drying temperatures above 100°C, producing low surface energy domains on the adhesive surface that reduce loop tack measured by ASTM D6195.
Drying of an aqueous acrylic dispersion is not governed by solvent evaporation alone; it also involves coalescence of polymer particles and removal of water trapped within the capillary structure of coated paper. A three-zone air impingement oven configured with nozzle velocity of 15–25 m/s and zone temperatures of 70°C, 85°C, and 95°C can dry a 24 g/m² wet film on a 50 µm polyester carrier at line speeds from 40 to 70 m/min, depending on web tension and exhaust dew point. Residual moisture above 2.0 wt% in the dried adhesive is a critical defect threshold: microfoam becomes entrapped when the web exits the oven and is laminated with a hot nip. Moisture content should be verified at the reel edge and centre with a Karl Fischer or near-infrared gauge, not inferred from surface tack alone. Published data for this specific three-zone configuration is limited; the values given are production-scale reference ranges rather than universal limits.
When line speed exceeds the drying capacity, the dry film develops a skin layer while the core remains water-laden. Later release of moisture at the film interface creates blisters and tunnelling on clear facestocks. Increasing oven air temperature above 100°C is not a reliable remedy because the polymer surface can crosslink or yellow in the presence of residual amine stabilizers; conversely, air dew point above 15°C suppresses the water vapour partial-pressure gradient and causes adhesive haze in thick film sections. Process windows for this dispersion are therefore defined by residual moisture, not solely by oven exit web temperature.
Rheology modification of Covinax 625-78 follows waterborne adhesive practice. Alkali-swellable acrylic thickeners are added as pre-neutralized dispersions at 2–4 wt% active; associative urethane thickeners can be used when high-shear viscosity must be maintained through slot-die lips. The emulsion tolerates pH adjustment with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate, but pH excursions above 8.5 increase residual odor and may reduce crosslinker pot life. Polyfunctional aziridines, when used, are blended after pH adjustment and must be monitored for gel time under ASTM D2471; the addition of aziridine at 0.2–0.5 wt% on adhesive solids raises shear resistance but shortens usable coating life to 8–24 h at 25°C. Combining Covinax 625-78 with amine-functional adhesion promoters interrupts the crosslinking mechanism and may retain water sensitivity; such combinations should be excluded unless a separate surface primer is applied.Static shear adhesion of a compounded Covinax 625-78 film is commonly measured by ASTM D3654/D3654M using a 25 mm × 25 mm bond area and a 1 kg applied mass at 70°C or 23°C. The unreinforced polymer typically exhibits cohesive-failure times below 10 h at 70°C; adding a hydrogenated hydrocarbon tackifier dispersion at 10–20 wt% on polymer solids increases room-temperature shear holding to more than 24 h for paper label constructions. Higher tackifier loadings, above 25 wt%, can depress shear performance and increase adhesive transfer to stainless steel panels after 24 h dwell. The optimum tackifier grade must be selected by differential scanning calorimetry and loop tack rather than by solids cost alone; a low-molecular-weight rosin ester with acid number above 12 may require pH buffering to avoid local coagulation in the acidic emulsion.
Brookfield rheology after formulation is shear-thinning but Newtonian in the low-shear range. Typical coating formulations are adjusted to 2,500–4,500 mPa·s at 20 rpm for comma coating, and 800–1,500 mPa·s at 1,000 s⁻¹ for slot-die application. Viscosity drift after 24 h of recirculation should not exceed ±10%; larger drift indicates particle destabilization or associative thickener incompatibility. Filtration through a 250 µm bag before the coating head is sufficient for most gravure and comma operations; slot-die lines require two-stage filtration at 150 µm and 75 µm because die lips above 1.5 m width are sensitive to microgel deposits.
Differences from solventborne acrylic and hot-melt systems become most visible in converting equipment and substrate tolerance. Solvent acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive can be applied directly to untreated films and dries at high line speeds because the solvent wetting envelope is broader and the heat load per gram of dry adhesive is lower; however, it requires explosion-proof coaters, regenerative thermal oxidizers, and VOC controls under Directive 2010/75/EU and EPA Method 24. Hot-melt styrenic block copolymer pressure-sensitive adhesives require slot-die application at 150–180°C and achieve immediate adhesion without drying, but they have lower heat resistance and higher viscosity at point of application, and they cannot be cleaned with water. Covinax 625-78 is positioned between these systems: it requires a drying oven and surface treatment but avoids hot-melt thermal degradation and solvent emission controls. Compared with other waterborne vinyl acrylic dispersions, the higher hydrophobicity of the 625-78 variant reduces water whitening after 24 h immersion; however, published immersion data for this specific configuration is limited, and all formulations intended for moisture exposure must be crosslinked. Regulatory documentation for Covinax 625-78 is supplied with each batch. The dispersion is manufactured under a quality system that supports REACH registration and EU Ecolabel criteria for water-based adhesives; relevant test data include ASTM D3960 volatile organic compound content, ASTM D1490 for nonvolatile matter, and ASTM D2196 for Brookfield viscosity. Food-contact suitability is not intrinsic to the polymer and must be confirmed on the finished adhesive under FDA 21 CFR 175.105 or 176.170 conditions relevant to the intended substrate and additive package. The product is not recommended for use in potable-water contact laminates or biomedical skin adhesion without additional toxicological qualification. Stability at shelf storage is generally 12 months in unopened containers held at 5–35°C; repeated freeze-thaw cycling is not tolerated, and containers must not be exposed to temperatures below 0°C because particle-size growth will increase viscosity and reduce coating uniformity. Outdoor weathering and UV resistance are functions of the formulated adhesive and facestock laminate. The dispersion itself is not ultraviolet-stabilized; prolonged UV exposure can reduce peel adhesion and cause edge yellowing if aromatic tackifiers are used. For window-film and outdoor graphic applications, a hindered amine-light-stabilized overlaminate or UV absorber package should be qualified under ASTM G154 or ISO 4892-3, and adhesion retention should be monitored under ASTM D3330 after accelerated weathering. The 625-78 polymer can be compounded with light-stable aliphatic tackifier dispersions to delay yellowing, but the wet-out of such tackifiers on low-energy facestocks may require additional nonionic wetting agent at 0.1–0.3 wt% on total formulation.
