HANWHA EVA 1340

In coextruded blown-film structures for dry food and frozen food packaging, EVA 1340 is introduced into the sealant layer at a replacement level of 15–30 wt% of the total sealant layer, while the remainder is a metallocene LLDPE or a 0.918–0.925 g/cm³ LDPE. The objective is to depress the heat-seal initiation temperature from approximately 115–120°C for the LLDPE control to 88–102°C in the EVA-modified layer without triggering bubble instability. On a three-layer blown-film line equipped with a 250 mm annular die and an L/D 40:1 extruder, the EVA-containing layer is processed at a melt temperature of 165–185°C, a die gap of 1.8–2.4 mm, and a blow-up ratio of 2.2:1–2.6:1. The sealant layer thickness is held at 12–20 µm in a total film thickness of 55–90 µm. Corona treatment at 42–46 dyn/cm is applied to the print side, not the seal side, because the EVA surface remains sufficiently polar for bar sealing at 0.4–0.6 MPa jaw pressure and 0.8–1.2 s dwell. With respect to regulatory compliance, the finished film is assessed under FDA 21 CFR § 177.1350 for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers in food contact, and under EU Regulation 10/2011 Annex I, where vinyl acetate carries a specific migration limit of 12 mg/kg; overall migration is verified by EN 1186-1:2002 and specific migration by EN 13130-1:2004. Terminal products include pillow pouches for frozen vegetables, lidding film for dairy cups, and stand-up pouches for dry mixes. A production-scale failure mode observed on such lines is the formation of seal-through contamination when the sealant layer exceeds 30 wt% EVA, because low seal initiation coupled with excessive hot tack creates edge-folding during vertical form-fill-seal runs at jaw speeds above 60 cycles/min. Conversely, at EVA addition below 10 wt%, seal initiation does not drop sufficiently for high-speed packaging lines.

What Changes When EVA 1340 Is Used as the Sealant/Tie Resin in Extrusion Lamination of Aluminium Foil?

Extrusion lamination of aluminium foil to paperboard or biaxially oriented polyester film for aseptic liquid packaging utilises EVA 1340 as the melt web at a coat weight of 12–20 g/m². The resin is processed either neat or as a letdown blend containing 20–30 wt% LDPE to raise melt strength and reduce neck-in during draw-down. The extrusion coating line is typically configured with a 90 mm single-screw extruder with an L/D 30:1 screw, a gear pump, and a 0.8 mm slot die. Melt temperature is maintained at 250–270°C, while the air gap between die exit and chill roll is set at 150–200 mm; line speed ranges from 120–180 m/min. The chill roll is held at 15–25°C to quench the EVA web before it contacts the foil or paperboard substrate. The upper melt-temperature constraint for 13 wt% vinyl acetate is 280°C; above this, acetic acid evolution from deacetylation is detectable at the die lip, and adhesion to aluminium declines. Consequently, ISO 1133-1:2022 melt-flow verification is performed before each shift, because a measurable increase from the nominal 4.0 g/10 min at 190°C under 2.16 kg load indicates thermal decomposition. Compliance for the final laminate is established under EU Regulation 10/2011, FDA 21 CFR § 177.1350, and Regulation (EC) No 2023/2006 for good manufacturing practice in food contact materials. Terminal products include aseptic beverage cartons, foil-based sachets for powdered beverages, and pharmaceutical strip-pack backing laminates. Published data for this specific EVA grade in high-speed coating onto 9 µm aluminium foil is limited, so converters validate adhesion and heat-seal strength on the actual line before commercial runs.

When EVA 1340 Is Compounded into Peroxide-Crosslinked Closed-Cell Foam for Footwear Midsole Sheet

The formulation requirements for peroxide-crosslinked closed-cell foam differ from those of packaging films because 13 wt% vinyl acetate produces a semicrystalline matrix that restricts expansion and raises Shore C hardness relative to standard EVA foam grades containing 18–26 wt% vinyl acetate. EVA 1340 is therefore introduced at 30–50 phr of the total polymer, blended with a higher-VA EVA or an ethylene-octene plastomer to achieve a post-expansion density of 0.15–0.25 g/cm³ under ISO 845 and Shore C hardness of 45–55 under ISO 868. A typical formulation per 100 phr of polymer includes azodicarbonamide at 4.0–6.0 phr, dicumyl peroxide at 0.8–1.2 phr, zinc oxide at 1.0–2.0 phr, zinc stearate at 1.5–2.5 phr, and calcium carbonate at 10–20 phr. Mixing is conducted in an internal mixer at 100–110°C for 8–12 min, followed by a two-roll mill at 80–90°C to generate a uniform sheet. The sheet is then extruded through a 200 mm slot die at 90–100°C and cured in a multi-daylight hot press at 165–175°C and 5–8 MPa for 12–18 min, with stepwise pressure release to control cell coalescence. Compliance is governed by EU REACH Annex XVII entries 50–52 for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon limits in consumer articles, and by ASTM D1056-14 when the expanded sheet is used as industrial gasketing. Terminal products include footwear midsoles, anti-fatigue mats, and expansion-joint fillers. A recurring batch-to-batch variance is caused by residual moisture in calcium carbonate or EVA feed; if the moisture content exceeds 0.05 wt%, the foam exhibits uneven cell structure and surface pinholes. Pre-drying at 60°C for 2–4 h is therefore imposed when storage relative humidity exceeds 60%.

Halogen-Free Flame-Retardant Cable Sheathing: Processing Boundaries of EVA 1340 at High ATH Loading

For low-voltage power and control cable jacketing requiring halogen-free performance, EVA 1340 serves as the polar base resin in a polymer blend containing 50–70 wt% EVA 1340 and 30–50 wt% LLDPE or ethylene-octene elastomer. The polar vinyl acetate comonomer is required to wet and disperse alumina trihydrate at 120–160 phr and magnesium hydroxide at 20–40 phr; without a polar carrier, tensile strength falls below 10 MPa in the finished compound. The compound is prepared on a 58 mm co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 44:1, operating at barrel temperatures of 140–160°C and screw speed of 400–600 rpm, with side feeding of ATH downstream of the polymer melting zone to minimise viscosity peaks. The pelletized compound is then extruded as cable jacketing on a 65 mm single-screw line with a 24:1 L/D and a temperature profile of 120–150°C. Finished products include 0.6/1 kV power cable sheathing, EV charger cable jackets, and control cable outer layers. Compliance is verified under IEC 60754-1 for halogen acid gas, IEC 60754-2 for pH and conductivity of combustion gases, IEC 61034-2 for smoke density, and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU for cadmium, lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, PBBs, and PBDEs. Extrusion head pressure is maintained below 35 MPa because the high filler loading generates shear heating; melt temperatures above 190°C initiate deacetylation even in the presence of metal hydroxides, causing a detectable drop in combustion gas pH from 5.5 to 4.0 in production trials. Published data for this specific EVA grade under the final sheathing configuration is limited; therefore the exact oxygen index and tensile retention values must be established by the compounder rather than assumed from generic EVA grades.

Polyolefin masterbatch producers use EVA 1340 as a carrier resin for white, black, and custom color concentrates destined for cast film, extrusion coating, and injection moulded packs. In this application, the grade is fed at 40–60 wt% of the total masterbatch formulation, with organic or inorganic pigments at 30–50 wt%, a low-molecular-weight polyethylene wax at 3–8 wt%, and a fatty acid amide slip agent at 0.5–1.5 wt%. The EVA carrier is selected because its 13 wt% vinyl acetate content and 4.0 g/10 min melt flow rate under ISO 1133-1:2022 at 190°C and 2.16 kg provide a balance between pigment wetting and let-down compatibility with LLDPE, LDPE, and HDPE. The process is performed on a 40 mm co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1, at a barrel temperature of 150–170°C, screw speed of 300–500 rpm, and vacuum devolatilisation below 20 kPa absolute. Melt is pumped through a screen changer with 100–200 µm mesh packs and then strand-pelletized at a water-bath temperature of 40–50°C. Regulatory compliance for masterbatch supplied to packaging applications is derived from EU Regulation 10/2011, including the requirement that the pigment dispersion and carrier must not raise overall migration above 10 mg/dm² in the final article. For non-food technical parts, REACH and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Article 4 restrictions on cadmium, lead, mercury, and hexavalent chromium apply to the pigment concentration. Finished terminal products include masterbatch granules used in cast stretch film, thermoformed cups, and polyolefin caps. A field-observed processing limitation is that the VA groups lower the Vicat softening point to approximately 66°C under ASTM D1525, which is 15–20°C below typical LDPE carrier resins; therefore, pellet storage above 40°C in silos may cause particle agglomeration.

Injection Moulded Flexible Technical Parts with Impact Modification and Low-Temperature Ducility

When EVA 1340 is injection moulded as a polyolefin modifier at 10–30 wt% in a PP or HDPE matrix, the addition reduces flexural modulus and increases notched Izod impact strength, but the exact property shift is formulation-dependent. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, so converter trials with the actual tool are required before setting product specifications. Moulding is performed on a 120-tonne hydraulic injection moulding machine with a general-purpose PE screw having an L/D 20:1 ratio and a compression ratio of 2.5:1. The melt temperature is set at 150–185°C, the mould temperature at 20–40°C, injection pressure at 50–80 MPa, and holding pressure at 30–50 MPa. The resin is pre-dried at 60°C for 2 h when moisture content exceeds 0.05 wt%, because residual moisture creates silver streaking on moulded surfaces. Added EVA 1340 lowers the Vicat softening point of the final blend; therefore, the material is not specified for continuous service above 60°C. Compliance for technical parts is governed by REACH, RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, and ISO 11469 for resin identification marking. Terminal products include appliance feet, flexible caps for tube ends, and industrial wall bumpers. In field processing, inadequate drying or excessive melt temperature above 185°C produces surface splay and detectable vinegar-like odour at the mould, indicating early deacetylation of the vinyl acetate groups.