| HS Code | 250083 |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 19% |
| Melt Flow Rate | 23 g/10min |
| Density | 0.937 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | 84 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 66 °C |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 18 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 800% |
| Hardness | 94 Shore A |
| Brittleness Temperature | -70 °C |
| Moisture Absorption | ≤0.1% |
As an accredited HANWHA EVA 2319 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | HANWHA EVA 2319 is packed in 25 kg sealed polyethylene bags, palletized, stretch-wrapped, and labeled for safe handling and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL: bagged EVA resin palletized and shrink-wrapped, loaded in standard 20-foot container with secure dunnage. |
| Shipping | HANWHA EVA 2319 is a non-hazardous ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin. Ship in clean, dry PP woven bags or PE-lined containers, protected from moisture and direct sunlight. Store below 30°C, away from heat sources, and load with proper ventilation to prevent crushing. Standard dry container transport is suitable worldwide. |
| Storage | Store HANWHA EVA 2319 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Keep containers sealed and protected from moisture and mechanical damage. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers. Maintain moderate temperatures, and follow standard stacking practices to prevent deformation or contamination. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life of HANWHA EVA 2319 is typically 24 months when stored unopened in a cool, dry place. |
At a processing melt temperature of 105–115 °C, Hanwha EVA 2319 is typically compounded in an internal mixer rather than fed directly to an injection press, because the peroxide crosslinking system must be dispersed before azodicarbonamide decomposition onset. The grade carries a datasheet-specified vinyl acetate comonomer content of 23 wt% and a melt mass-flow rate of 1.9 g/10 min at 190 °C under 2.16 kg load per ISO 1133-1:2022. In expanded midsole production, EVA 2319 serves as the base polymer at 100 phr; when lower Shore C hardness is required, processors co-blend EVA 2319 at 50–70 phr with a higher-VA grade, but at the higher addition the compression set of the co-blend moves upward unless the dicumyl peroxide level is adjusted in parallel. A representative blown-and-cured formulation uses azodicarbonamide at 2.5–4.5 phr, dicumyl peroxide at 0.6–0.9 phr, zinc oxide at 1.0–2.0 phr, and stearic acid at 0.5–1.0 phr. The compound is mixed in a 110 L net chamber internal mixer at a rotor speed of 35 rpm to a drop temperature of 112–118 °C, then sheeted on a two-roll mill at 90–100 °C, cooled, and granulated. Injection is performed at barrel temperatures from 80 °C in the rear zone to 110 °C at the nozzle, with mold temperatures of 165–180 °C and clamping force sufficient to hold the expanding compound under 150–180 kgf/cm² cavity pressure during the 8–12 min cure cycle.
The critical threshold in this system is the synchronization of azodicarbonamide gas liberation with dicumyl peroxide crosslinking. If the mold temperature remains below 170 °C, crosslinking lags behind gas liberation and cell walls rupture; if the mold temperature exceeds 185 °C, azodicarbonamide decomposition outruns melt strength and the molded part develops blowholes or surface delamination. Finished expanded parts are tested against ASTM D3575-20 for closed-cell foam properties, ASTM D395-16 Method B for compression set after 22 h at 50 °C with a commonly specified upper limit of 35%, and ASTM D638-14 for tensile properties; regulatory compliance is assessed under REACH Annex XVII and the applicable consumer product safety requirements for footwear components. Terminal products include injection-molded midsoles, full-sole units, orthopedic insoles, and crosslinked foam sheet for sandals and slip-on footwear, with expanded densities typically falling between 0.15 g/cm³ and 0.25 g/cm³.
Film converters evaluating EVA 2319 as a seal-layer modifier typically compound the resin at 10–20 wt% into an LDPE or LLDPE carrier with a melt index below 1.5 g/10 min to depress hot-tack initiation temperature without sacrificing bubble stability. In three-layer blown film lines with a die gap of 1.8–2.4 mm and a blow-up ratio of 2.0–2.5:1, the addition shifts the heat-seal initiation temperature downward by roughly 8–12 °C compared with an unmodified LLDPE seal layer, but the upper addition is defined by blocking behavior on the collapsing frame rather than by sealing performance. At loadings above 20 wt%, film-to-film blocking becomes measurable at frost line heights above 800 mm in high-humidity production halls, and the coefficient of friction rises to levels requiring additional slip masterbatch. The compound is run at a melt temperature of 180–210 °C, with a reverse-temperature profile on the extruder to limit surface tack at the die lip; bubble cooling is controlled to a frost line height of 600–900 mm to preserve dart impact. The relevant compliance anchor is FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers in food-contact films, supported by EU 10/2011 migration testing with food simulants; converters also verify seal strength according to ASTM F88/F88M-21 and puncture resistance according to ASTM F1306-21. Terminal film structures include frozen vegetable bags, heavy-duty liners, and inner seal layers for liquid packaging where low-temperature seal integrity is more critical than optical haze. Because EVA 2319 has a lower melt flow index than typical seal-peel resins, the extruder screw speed should be limited to avoid shear heating above 220 °C, above which acetic acid odor and film gel counts increase rapidly.
This formulation problem emerges when a high specific gravity barrier sheet is required for automotive floor and dash insulation, and the flexibility of the filled compound must be maintained without plasticizer migration. A typical compound uses EVA 2319 at 18–25 wt% as the primary flexible binder, surface-treated calcium carbonate at 55–65 wt%, LLDPE at 10–15 wt%, and a processing aid at 1–2 wt%; the exact distribution depends on the target sheet density and the tensile elongation specified by the OEM. The material is compounded in a vented co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D of 44:1, at screw speed 300–450 rpm and melt temperature 150–170 °C, before being calendered into sheet at roll temperatures of 110–130 °C. The critical limit is residual moisture: if the calcium carbonate or EVA resin moisture content exceeds 0.15%, calendered sheet develops surface blisters and the filler dispersion is visibly nonuniform. On production-scale equipment, vent vacuum below −0.07 MPa is required to strip volatiles from the melt. The sheet is tested for flammability according to ISO 3795 with an acceptance band commonly below 100 mm/min burn rate, for mechanical properties according to ISO 527-3:2018, and for density according to ISO 1183-1:2019; EU REACH Annex XVII and RoHS 2011/65/EU apply to the final converted part. Terminal products include automotive dash inner silencers, floor barrier sheets, HVAC compressor wraps, and appliance isolation mats. Published data for this specific compound configuration with EVA 2319 is limited, so the processing parameters should be validated against batch rheology before fixed production runs.
Line-speed limitations in single-pass cable sheathing extrusion are often traced to low melt extensibility of the sheath compound, not to barrel throughput. In flexible cord and low-voltage cable sheathing, EVA 2319 is let down at 15–35 wt% into an LLDPE/LDPE sheath formulation to improve environmental stress-crack resistance and reduce notch sensitivity at sub-zero handling temperatures. The compound is first prepared on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder at 160–190 °C, pelletized, and then fed to a single-screw cable extruder with an L/D of 24:1–30:1 and a crosshead die pressure of 120–180 bar. The screw temperature profile is held below 180 °C in the feed section to prevent premature softening and irregular feeding, while the head zone is capped at 190 °C to avoid surface roughness at the die exit. Sheathing compounds are tested under IEC 60811-501 for tensile and elongation after ageing, and the finished cable construction must satisfy the insulation/sheath requirements of IEC 60502-1 for low-voltage power cables, including heat-shock and pressure-at-high-temperature performance. Regulatory compliance is anchored to RoHS 2011/65/EU and REACH, with cadmium, lead, and phthalate limits verified by X-ray fluorescence screening. Terminal product types include flexible industrial cord sheathing, outdoor cable jackets, and conduit sheathing where low-temperature impact resistance is specified down to −40 °C. The practical boundary is that EVA 2319 should not be exposed to barrel residence times above 90 s at 220 °C or above, because acetic acid generation from vinyl acetate degradation raises screw corrosion risk and produces odorous reeled cable.
| Application zone | Test standard | Measured parameter | Target band |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expanded footwear midsole | ASTM D395-16 Method B | Compression set after 22 h at 50 °C | ≤35% |
| Calcium carbonate-filled acoustic barrier sheet | ISO 3795 | Horizontal burn rate | <100 mm/min |
| Low-voltage cable sheathing | IEC 60811-501 | Tensile strength and elongation after ageing | OEM-specific retention ≥70% of unaged value |
Dispersion of carbon black and polar organic pigments in polyolefin masterbatch frequently fails because nonpolar LDPE carriers cannot wet the pigment surface at industrially acceptable screw speeds. EVA 2319 is used as a carrier resin at 60–80 wt% of the masterbatch formulation, with the remaining fraction composed of pigment or additive, a wax dispersant at 5–10 wt%, and a processing stabilizer at 0.5–1.0 wt%. The carrier is processed on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with an L/D of 44:1, screw speed 400–600 rpm, and melt temperature 150–180 °C; the kneading blocks are arranged so that the first high-shear zone is followed by a low-pressure devolatilization section before the die. This configuration prevents volatile-bound pigment agglomerates from reaching the pelletizer and reduces black speck formation in the letdown product. Masterbatch letdown in polyolefin film or injection molding is typically 2–5 wt%; at letdown rates above 5 wt%, the EVA component can alter the heat-seal response of LLDPE film, so converters restrict its use to non-seal layers or to applications where a slight seal-temperature depression is acceptable. The masterbatch is tested for weathering performance according to ISO 4892-2 when intended for exterior film, for dispersion according to ISO 18553:2002, and for melt flow rate according to ASTM D1238-20; chemical compliance is checked against REACH and RoHS 2011/65/EU. Terminal products include color masterbatches for polyolefin films, additive masterbatches for industrial film, and chemical foaming agent concentrates for injection foam processors. Moisture uptake requires pre-drying at 70–80 °C for 4 h if the resin has been stored at relative humidity above 60%; otherwise surface moisture on the pellets reduces dispersion stability and produces streaking in the letdown film.
Continuous production of crosslinked EVA foam sheet differs from batch compression molding because the cure reaction is carried out in a forced-air conveyor oven after the sheet has been pre-formed on a calendar or two-roll mill. EVA 2319 is compounded at 100 phr with azodicarbonamide at 3.0–5.0 phr, dicumyl peroxide at 0.8–1.0 phr, zinc oxide at 1.0–2.0 phr, and filler at 10–20 phr when a higher compression resistance or density is required. The pre-sheet is formed at roll temperatures of 90–100 °C to a thickness that is 8–12% below the target pre-expansion thickness; the sheet then enters a forced-air oven at 180–200 °C for 6–10 min, depending on sheet weight. The cure window is controlled by the competing kinetics of dicumyl peroxide half-life and azodicarbonamide decomposition: below 180 °C the peroxide crosslinks too slowly to retain the expanding gas, while above 200 °C the foam surface can degrade before the center of the sheet reaches full expansion, producing a dense skin and an irregular internal cell structure. The foamed sheet is tested for tear strength according to ISO 34-1:2022, for compression set according to ASTM D395-16, and for flammability according to FMVSS 302 when used in vehicle interiors; chemical compliance is evaluated under REACH and RoHS 2011/65/EU. Terminal products include automotive door panel armrest padding, gasketing sheet, thermal insulation mats, and cushioning layers for industrial sealing applications. The boundary condition is resin melt temperature not exceeding 200 °C during calendering and oven cure; at higher temperatures, surface tack increases and release from chrome-plated calendar rolls becomes inconsistent.
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HANWHA EVA 2319 is an ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer grade supplied by Hanwha TotalEnergies Petrochemical. The product is specified with a nominal vinyl acetate comonomer content of 23 wt% when tested in accordance with ASTM D5594, a melt flow rate of 1.9 g/10 min at 190 °C/2.16 kg under ASTM D1238, and a density of 0.948 g/cm³ under ASTM D1505. Mechanical values obtained from 2 mm compression-moulded plaques indicate tensile strength at break of 20.6 MPa and elongation at break of 800% under ASTM D638; hardness is recorded as 93 Shore A under ASTM D2240.
The comonomer level positions the grade between low-comonomer packaging grades and fully elastomeric high-VA grades. In a differential scanning calorimetry heating run at 10 K/min under ISO 11357-3, the principal endotherm is observed near 77 °C. That melting point reflects a crystalline fraction lower than low-density polyethylene and lower than a 15 wt% VA grade, while retaining enough crystallinity for dimensional stability. The melt flow rate is low enough to preserve sheet and profile green strength at the die exit, yet sufficiently fluid for injection moulding of footwear components.
| Property | Nominal value | Reference method |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl acetate content | 23 wt% | ASTM D5594 |
| Melt flow rate | 1.9 g/10 min at 190 °C/2.16 kg | ASTM D1238 |
| Density | 0.948 g/cm³ | ASTM D1505 |
| Tensile strength at break | 20.6 MPa | ASTM D638 |
| Elongation at break | 800% | ASTM D638 |
| Hardness | 93 Shore A | ASTM D2240 |
In crosslinked foam extrusion, the expansion window is governed by the competition between dicumyl peroxide cure kinetics and azodicarbonamide gas evolution. At 170 °C, dicumyl peroxide has a half-life on the order of 1 min; azodicarbonamide decomposition accelerates above 190 °C. If crosslinking outpaces gas release, cell collapse occurs under elevated melt viscosity. If blowing agent decomposition precedes sufficient chain extension, escaping gas produces overblown cells and web density variation exceeding 0.03 g/cm³.
Typical formulations for EVA 2319 foam compound use dicumyl peroxide at 0.5–1.0 phr, azodicarbonamide at 2.5–5.0 phr, zinc oxide at 2.0–5.0 phr, and stearic acid at 0.3–0.8 phr. Zinc oxide functions as both a cure activator and an acetic acid acceptor. The compound is mixed on a two-roll mill with a front-roll temperature of 100–120 °C and a friction ratio of 1.2:1 to disperse solids below the blowing-agent decomposition onset.
Production-scale compounding of EVA 2319 is performed on co-rotating twin-screw extruders with 40:1 L/D and segmented barrels. Barrel temperatures are profiled from 110 °C to 180 °C, and melt temperature at the die is controlled below 190 °C to limit deacetylation. Side-feed addition of calcium carbonate or alumina trihydrate is positioned downstream of the first atmospheric vent; kneading blocks after the side-feed ensure high-shear dispersion before vacuum devolatilization.
Incoming resin should be checked by ASTM D1238 before production. A melt flow rate variation of 0.2 g/10 min may require adjustment of azodicarbonamide loading to hold foam density within specification. Moisture limits are imposed because water vapour at expansion temperature creates irregular cells and surface pinholes. When resin is stored at relative humidity above 60%, predrying at 60 °C for 2 h reduces surface moisture below 0.10 wt% as measured by Karl Fischer titration per ASTM D6869.
Oscillatory shear measurements on a 25 mm parallel-plate rheometer at 1% strain and 190 °C show that EVA 2319 retains a measurable storage modulus in the terminal zone. The crossover frequency and tan δ depend on vinyl acetate distribution and long-chain branching; published data for this specific configuration is limited. For simulation of extruder die flows, a shear viscosity model fitted from capillary rheometry at 190 °C, 200 °C, and 210 °C is recommended. Apparent viscosity at 100 s⁻¹ is expected to be intermediate between low-density polyethylene and a 33 wt% VA EVA at equivalent temperature.
The replacement of a 15 wt% VA grade by EVA 2319 alters the thermal and mechanical profile of an injection-moulded part. The reduced crystalline fraction lowers the DSC endotherm from approximately 90 °C toward 77 °C, reduces room-temperature flexural modulus, and increases elongation at break. Barrel temperatures can be reduced by 10–20 °C relative to lower-VA grades, but screw recovery may become inconsistent if back pressure is held below 5–10 bar.
For unfilled EVA 2319, typical injection moulding settings use melt temperatures of 170–190 °C, mould temperatures of 20–40 °C, injection velocities of 50–100 mm/s, and holding pressures of 50–80 MPa depending on part thickness. Mould shrinkage is inherently higher than for a 15 wt% VA grade due to lower crystallinity; comparative mould shrinkage should be established by ASTM D955 on the production tool.
Against EVA 3319 with 33 wt% VA and the same 1.9 g/10 min melt flow rate, EVA 2319 provides higher tensile modulus, lower surface tack, and better dimensional stability. The retained crystalline fraction in EVA 2319 produces a measurable yield point in sheet and profile processing, whereas the 33 wt% VA grade behaves almost entirely as an elastomer. In foamed constructions, EVA 2319 offers a somewhat wider processing window before cell coalescence because gas permeability through the 23 wt% VA matrix is lower than through a 33 wt% VA matrix.
Compared with metallocene-catalyzed polyolefin elastomers of similar Shore A hardness, EVA 2319 typically accepts higher loadings of calcium carbonate and alumina trihydrate without torque instability measured on a 60 mm twin-screw extruder at 200 rpm, but it requires stabilization against acetic acid evolution at processing temperatures above 200 °C. The choice between EVA 2319 and a metallocene polyolefin elastomer should be based on filler loading, surface polarity, and long-term heat-aging data generated under ISO 188 conditions.
In oil-exposure service, the 23 wt% VA grade has higher solubility parameter and solvent swelling in mineral oil than a 15 wt% VA grade; immersion testing per ISO 1817 should therefore govern seal and gasket formulations. For footwear midsoles, the polarity improves adhesion to polyurethane coatings and waterborne adhesives, as evaluated by peel adhesion testing under ISO 813.
The primary use areas are crosslinked EVA foam for footwear midsoles, injection-moulded footwear components, and general compounding requiring high filler acceptance. Expansion ratios of 1.5:1 to 2.5:1 are typical in foam sheet. In flame-retardant cable compounds, the grade is compounded with alumina trihydrate at loadings of 100–150 phr when combustion requirements under IEC 60332-1 are applicable; published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Resin storage conditions affect both processing and part appearance. Pellets in open bins at relative humidity above 60% can develop surface moisture above 0.10 wt%, which appears as splay in injection-moulded parts and as small voids in extruded profiles. Predrying at 60 °C for 2 h is applied only when the humidity limit is exceeded, because excessive drying can increase blocking of pellets in the hopper.
Thermal exposure above 200 °C for residence times beyond 5 min accelerates deacetylation, producing acetic acid and conjugated unsaturation. Continuous compounding lines should use stainless-steel vent passages and acid-neutralizing scrubbers. In dicumyl peroxide-cured formulations, the addition of amine-based antioxidants is avoided because they can inhibit peroxide cure and cause chain cleavage. Hindered phenol/phosphite blends at 0.1–0.3 phr are used for base stabilization, with the exact ratio determined by the end-use heat-aging specification.
