| HS Code | 408770 |
| Product | HANWHA EVA 2815 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer |
| Vinylacetatecontent | 28% |
| Meltflowindex | 15 g/10min (190°C, 2.16kg) |
| Density | 0.957 g/cm³ |
| Meltingpoint | 73°C |
| Vicatsofteningpoint | 45°C |
| Tensilestrength | 14 MPa |
| Elongationatbreak | 800% |
| Hardnessshorea | 82 |
| Flexuralmodulus | 30 MPa |
| Brittletemperature | -70°C |
As an accredited HANWHA EVA 2815 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied as free-flowing pellets in 25 kg multi-layer paper bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for safe storage and transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | HANWHA EVA 2815 copolymer loaded as a 20-foot FCL, bagged, secured, and stowed for safe, efficient transport. |
| Shipping | HANWHA EVA 2815 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer ships as solid pellets in sealed woven bags or bulk containers. Protect from moisture, heat, and sunlight; store in a cool, dry area. Not classified as hazardous goods, but keep away from ignition sources and handle with standard industrial care. |
| Storage | Store Hanwha EVA 2815 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid static electricity buildup. Maintain moderate temperatures; no special hazard controls required. Use proper handling procedures and ensure good housekeeping to preserve quality and extend shelf life. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life: 2 years when stored in a cool, dry place, protected from sunlight and moisture. |
Hanwha EVA 2815 is characterized by a nominal vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% and a melt flow rate of 15 g/10 min under ISO 1133-1:2022 at 190°C and 2.16 kg load. In hot-melt packaging adhesives, this resin is used at 20–35 wt% of the total formula, with hydrocarbon or rosin ester tackifier at 30–50 wt%, paraffin or microcrystalline wax at 5–20 wt%, and phosphite or hindered phenol antioxidant at 0.2–1.0 wt%. The addition of EVA 2815 increases polar bond strength to clay-coated carton board and maintains flexible bonds at storage temperatures below 5°C. Compounding is performed in a vertical planetary mixer or co-rotating twin-screw extruder with jacket temperature 140–170°C. Wax split addition is required because a single charge of low-viscosity wax reduces shear transfer and can produce an inhomogeneous solution. The finished adhesive is applied at 160–180°C through slot nozzles, spiral spray heads, or bead dispensers; viscosity is held between 500 mPa·s and 2500 mPa·s as measured by ASTM D3236. Process boundaries include a maximum hold time of 6 h at 180°C without nitrogen blanketing; longer residence times generate char that blocks the die and reduces peel reproducibility. Compliance for indirect food contact is governed by FDA 21 CFR 175.105, and EU markets require conformity to EU No 10/2011 and REACH. Bond quality is tested by ASTM D1876 T-peel and ASTM D4498 heat-fail temperature. Finished products include corrugated case-closure bonds, multi-layer board lamination, expanded polystyrene carton assembly, and book spine adhesives.
In photovoltaic module lamination, EVA 2815 is evaluated as the base resin for a crosslinkable encapsulant film because the 28 wt% vinyl acetate level provides transparency, melt flow, and silane adhesion response. The starting formulation uses 100 phr EVA 2815, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate at 0.5–1.2 phr, vinyltrimethoxysilane adhesion promoter at 0.3–0.8 phr, UV absorber at 0.1–0.5 phr, and hindered amine light stabilizer at 0.1–0.3 phr. The compound must avoid amine-based slip additives because residual amines accelerate peroxide decomposition and cause premature gelation in the cast film. The film is extruded at melt temperature 90–120°C onto a chill roll maintained at 10–20°C. Module lamination is performed in a double-bag vacuum laminator at 145–155°C for 10–18 min. The principal control parameter is gel content after cure, determined by ASTM D2765-16; the working window is 75–95%. Below 75%, the encapsulant shows creep and delamination during IEC 61215-2:2021 thermal cycling. Above 95%, the cured film loses flexibility and glass adhesion after damp heat. Acetic acid generated during peroxide crosslinking must be removed by lamination venting, and raw pellet gel content must be verified from supplier certificates before film production. Compliance covers IEC 61215-2:2021, IEC 61730-2:2016, and UL 1703. Finished product types include glass-glass and glass-backsheet monocrystalline modules, bifacial half-cell modules, and framed building-integrated modules.
| Formulation component | Function | Typical loading | Method/control |
|---|---|---|---|
| EVA 2815 base resin | transparent film matrix | 100 phr | ISO 1133-1:2022 melt flow; gel check |
| Peroxide curative | crosslinking initiator | 0.5–1.2 phr | ASTM D2765-16 gel content |
| Silane adhesion promoter | glass and backsheet adhesion | 0.3–0.8 phr | damp-heat peel under IEC 61215-2:2021 |
| UV/HALS package | weathering retention | 0.1–0.5 phr | IEC 61730-2:2016 UV preconditioning |
Chemical foaming of EVA 2815 combines a gas evolution reaction and a peroxide-initiated crosslinking reaction in a single thermal cycle. A starting formulation uses 100 phr EVA 2815, azodicarbonamide at 3–6 phr, dicumyl peroxide at 0.8–1.5 phr, zinc oxide at 1–2 phr, zinc stearate at 0.5–1.5 phr, and filler at 0–20 phr. The compound is mixed in an internal mixer or co-rotating twin-screw extruder with compound temperature capped at 100–110°C to avoid premature gas release. The prepared granules are shaped by compression molding or multi-station rotary injection molding; a typical compression mold runs at 160–175°C for 8–15 min depending on midsole thickness. The process conflict is kinetic: dicumyl peroxide has a half-life near 1 min at 171°C, and zinc oxide-activated azodicarbonamide decomposes across 150–180°C. If crosslinking outpaces gas evolution, the rising melt viscosity restricts cell expansion and produces internal splits. If gas evolution outpaces crosslinking, cell walls rupture and final density shows large batch-to-batch scatter. The target density for midsoles and sports mats is 0.10–0.25 g/cm³, measured by ASTM D3575-14. Compression set is evaluated according to ISO 7214:2012 or ASTM D3575-14; incomplete peroxide dispersion raises compression set above 30% after 24 h at 50°C. A common production failure occurs when two-roll mill temperature drifts above 110°C after internal mixing, causing surface pre-foaming and a rough skin on the finished part. Compliance for consumer products includes REACH and, for child-contact mats, EN 71-3 heavy metal migration limits. Finished product types include shoe midsoles, insole sheets, yoga mats, gym flooring tiles, marine buoyancy strips, and anti-fatigue mats.
Mineral-filled halogen-free sheath compounds use EVA 2815 as one component of a polyolefin blend that must disperse high loadings of precipitated magnesium hydroxide or aluminium trihydrate without halogenated processing aids. The compound contains EVA 2815 at 15–25 wt%, LLDPE at 10–20 wt%, magnesium hydroxide at 60–65 wt%, zinc borate at 2–5 wt%, maleic anhydride-grafted compatibilizer at 1–3 wt%, and antioxidant/processing aid at 0.2–1.0 wt%. Compounding is performed on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D ratio 36:1 to 48:1 and filler side-feeding after polymer melting; barrel temperatures are 140–170°C and the die head 150–170°C. The compound is pre-dried at 70–80°C for 4 h when ambient RH exceeds 60%. Sheath extrusion onto conductor uses a single-screw extruder with 24:1 L/D barrier screw and a pressure-type die. A fluoropolymer processing aid at 0.05–0.2 wt% is included to control die lip build-up, which is a known failure mode with high filler loadings. Mechanical ageing is checked by IEC 60811-501:2012; the sheath compound is expected to retain elongation above 150% after ageing. Terminal products include low-voltage industrial cable jackets, shipboard and offshore power cable sheaths, transit rail cables, and data-rack power distribution cables.
| Standard | Test/scope | Application boundary |
|---|---|---|
| IEC 60332-1-2:2015 | Vertical flame propagation, single wire/cable | Jacket burn length control |
| IEC 60754-1:2011 | Halogen acid gas from combustion | Low acidic gas release |
| IEC 60754-2:2019 | pH and conductivity of combustion gas | Corrosivity control |
| IEC 61034-2:2019 | Smoke density in 3 m cube | Visibility for evacuation |
At the masterbatch compounding stage, EVA 2815 functions as a high-polarity carrier resin for pigment and additive concentrates that are later let down into non-polar polyethylene or polypropylene. The carrier content is 60–85 wt% of the masterbatch, with pigment or additive at 10–30 wt%, and polyethylene wax or calcium carbonate at 0–10 wt%. Compounding occurs on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder at 100–140°C, followed by water-ring pelletizing or strand pelletizing. The 28 wt% vinyl acetate content wets polar pigment surfaces and reduces filter pressure rise in the let-down extruder. Compliance for food-contact concentrates is governed by FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 and EU No 10/2011. Terminal products include colour masterbatches for blown film and injection molding, anti-block concentrates for greenhouse film, and antioxidant masterbatches for recycled polyolefin streams. The process boundary is the melt index contrast between carrier and let-down resin; at a let-down ratio above 5 wt% in thin-gauge film, optical haze increases and the coefficient of friction shifts. Published data for this specific EVA 2815 masterbatch configuration is limited; the loading ranges reflect commercial concentrate practice rather than resin supplier validation.
A separate process limit appears when EVA 2815 is converted into a thermally activated lamination adhesive film for textile, automotive interior, and protective-layer bonding. The compound uses 100 phr EVA 2815, a hydrocarbon tackifier at 10–30 phr, a microcrystalline wax at 0–5 phr, and a phosphite antioxidant at 0.2–0.5 phr. The film is cast at 100–140°C and wound with a tension below 0.5 N/mm to prevent blocking. Lamination is performed at 120–150°C under nip pressure 2–5 bar using heated roller laminators. Adhesion is measured by ASTM D1002 lap shear or ASTM D1876 T-peel. Compliance for automotive interior applications requires low volatile organic compound emissions under DIN 75201 or OEM fogging procedures, and child-contact textile laminates may be assessed under EN 71-3. The finished goods include automotive headliners, door panel laminates, garment interlining, footwear vamp reinforcement, and surface protection films for metal panels. The dominant production failure is blocking of the film roll during storage above 25°C; control is achieved by reducing wax content and keeping winder tension below the stated limit.
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Hanwha EVA 2815 is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer grade with a nominal vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% and a melt mass-flow rate of 15 g/10 min determined at 190 °C under 2.16 kg load in accordance with ASTM D1238-20 or ISO 1133-1:2022. The grade coding denotes the vinyl acetate level and the melt-flow class. Density measured at 23 °C by ASTM D792-20 is approximately 0.950 g/cm³. The polymer is supplied as translucent pellets for flexible compounding, hot-melt adhesive systems, and low-temperature impact modification. In comparison with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers containing 14–18 wt% vinyl acetate, the 28 wt% level lowers crystallinity and crystalline melting point while raising polarity; the effect on adhesion is evaluated by ASTM D1876-08(2015) peel testing on aluminum, corona-treated polyester, and polyamide. The product is not a direct substitute for metallocene polyolefin elastomers or for lower VA extrusion grades; selection is driven by the need for solventless polar adhesion, low flexural modulus, and moderate melt viscosity in a single feedstock.
For melt processing, a single-screw extruder with a barrier screw and L/D of 24:1 to 30:1 is commonly used. Barrel setpoints from feed throat to die are typically 130–180 °C, and the melt temperature is held below 200 °C to limit acetic acid evolution. Pellets do not normally require pre-drying when stored in sealed bags below 40 °C and ambient relative humidity below 60%; when surface moisture or condensation is observed, drying at 60–70 °C for 4–6 h in a desiccant dryer with a dew point of −30 °C is applied. Production-scale compounding of tackifier, wax, or filler masterbatches is carried out on co-rotating intermeshing twin-screw extruders with L/D 40:1 and moderate shear screw elements; excessive shear at high barrel temperatures can initiate chain scission and acid odor. Injection molding of the neat copolymer uses barrel temperatures of 150–190 °C, mold temperatures of 20–40 °C, and moderate injection speed to avoid jetting and surface flow marks.
Thermal analysis of an EVA 2815-class copolymer under ASTM D3418-21 typically shows a broad melting endotherm with a peak from 70 °C to 76 °C and a glass transition temperature in the range of −30 °C to −25 °C. The crystalline fraction is reduced to approximately 15–20% by DSC heat-of-fusion calculations, compared with roughly 25–35% for lower vinyl acetate grades. The lower crystallinity reduces room-temperature flexural modulus into the range of 20–40 MPa when measured by ASTM D790-17, while tensile stress at break measured on ASTM D638-14 Type IV specimens is generally 10–15 MPa with elongation of 750–900%. Hardness measured by ASTM D2240-21 is typically 78–82 Shore A. The Vicat softening temperature by ASTM D1525-17 is normally 45–55 °C, which restricts continuous load-bearing service to below 80 °C. The higher vinyl acetate content also increases polarity, which improves wetting of aluminum foil, corona-treated polyethylene, and polyester films in hot-melt lamination. The trade-off is reduced resistance to nonpolar solvents and increased water-vapor transmission relative to lower VA grades; transmission data require formulation-specific testing under ASTM E96/E96M-22 or equivalent.
The following values represent the typical property envelope for a 28 wt% vinyl acetate / 15 g/10 min melt-flow EVA and are not specification limits. Batch-to-batch variation is normal, and finished-compound properties depend on additive loading.
| Property | Test method | Typical value |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl acetate content | ASTM D5594-18 | 28 wt% |
| Melt mass-flow rate at 190 °C/2.16 kg | ASTM D1238-20/ISO 1133-1:2022 | 15 g/10 min |
| Density at 23 °C | ASTM D792-20 | 0.950 g/cm³ |
| Tensile strength at break | ASTM D638-14 Type IV | 10–15 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ASTM D638-14 Type IV | 750–900% |
| Hardness | ASTM D2240-21 | 78–82 Shore A |
| Vicat softening temperature | ASTM D1525-17 | 45–55 °C |
| DSC melting peak | ASTM D3418-21 | 70–76 °C |
Hot-melt adhesive compounding with EVA 2815 is performed in jacketed sigma-blade or vertical mixers at 160–180 °C under a nitrogen blanket. The copolymer is added to a molten hydrogenated rosin ester or C5/C9 hydrocarbon tackifier at 30–50 phr; paraffin or microcrystalline wax at 10–30 phr lowers viscosity and controls open time, while a hindered phenolic antioxidant at 0.5–1.0 phr is included. Viscosity stability is monitored with a Brookfield Thermosel at 180 °C using ASTM D4499-20 as a heat-stability framework; an increase of more than 20% over 72 h is typically interpreted as inadequate stabilization or excessive processing temperature. The 15 g/10 min melt-flow class provides higher cohesive strength than higher MI grades at equivalent tackifier loading; shear adhesion failure temperature and peel values are measured by ASTM D4498-07(2013) and ASTM D1876-08(2015). Open time and set time are not assignable to the base polymer alone; they are controlled by tackifier type, wax melt point, and add-on weight. Published data for a specific final adhesive formulation based on this grade is limited outside supplier application literature.
In chemically blown and peroxide-cured foam, EVA 2815 is compounded with azodicarbonamide at 1.0–3.0 phr, zinc oxide at 0.5–1.5 phr, and dicumyl peroxide as the crosslinking initiator. The peroxide 1 min half-life temperature of 171 °C sets the lower boundary of the cure plateau, while azodicarbonamide decomposition around 200–210 °C requires careful ramping to synchronize gas evolution with melt strength. The high vinyl acetate content lowers crystallinity, allowing lower-density expansion and higher resilience than lower VA grades; density and resilience are evaluated by ASTM D792-20 and ASTM D2632-15(2019). The melt temperature window is narrow; twin-roll mill and internal mixer production has shown that deviations of ±5 °C around the setpoint can produce surface blisters or density variation. Blowing agent residues and acetic acid traces can corrode unplated steel molds; chrome plating or stainless steel tooling is preferred. Because the grade is not inherently crosslinkable without peroxide, cure kinetics must be revalidated if the peroxide type or coagent package is changed; the cure curve is commonly measured by moving-die rheometer at 170–180 °C with torque increase as the cure indicator. Published data for this specific configuration is limited to general EVA foam practice.
In halogen-free flame-retardant compounds for wire and cable, EVA 2815 is often selected as the base polymer because the vinyl acetate group improves filler wetting at high aluminum trihydrate or magnesium hydroxide loadings of 150–200 phr. Compounding is carried out on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1, using side feeding for the mineral filler to avoid excessive torque on the main feed. Melt temperature is kept below 180 °C to prevent premature filler dehydroxylation and acid decomposition. Mechanical properties after extrusion are evaluated by ASTM D638-14, and hot-set elongation under load by IEC 60811-507; formulations typically require silane coupling agents at 0.5–2.0 phr to maintain elongation after aging. The 15 g/10 min melt-flow grade provides higher melt strength during tubing extrusion than a 40 g/10 min VA grade, as measured by a Rosand or Göttfert Rheotens at 180 °C, but it increases torque and requires a barrel temperature profile with a flat 140–170 °C zone before the die. Published data for this specific formulation configuration is limited; pilot-scale trials are required.
Substituting a lower vinyl acetate grade with the same melt-flow rate, for example 18 wt% VA, raises the crystalline melting peak, increases hardness and tensile strength, and improves heat resistance in adhesives and films. However, it reduces adhesion to polar substrates and lowers low-temperature flexibility; peel adhesion measured by ASTM D1876-08(2015) or ASTM D903-98(2017) on corona-treated polyester and aluminum often falls unless tackifier loading is increased. Substituting a higher melt-flow grade, such as 28 wt% VA with a melt mass-flow rate above 40 g/10 min, reduces melt viscosity and improves wet-out on rough or fibrous substrates but decreases melt strength and green strength. In injection-molded closures or footwear components, the higher MI grade fills thin walls at lower pressure, whereas EVA 2815 requires higher injection pressure and may exhibit melt fracture at fast injection speeds. The 15 g/10 min melt-flow class is therefore positioned for applications where melt strength, cohesive strength, and moderate viscosity are more important than thin-wall filling. In blown film, the lower MI improves bubble stability but may require die gaps at the upper end of typical 0.8–1.5 mm settings.
Against ethylene methyl acrylate copolymers of similar comonomer content, EVA 2815 shows higher polarity and generally lower thermal stability because of the acetate side group. In extruded profiles, the EMA grade may retain flexibility at lower temperatures, while the EVA grade gives higher green strength in hot-melt systems and better adhesion to polar foils. Against ethylene butyl acrylate or metallocene polyolefin elastomers, the 28 wt% vinyl acetate grade exhibits higher surface polarity and better compatibility with rosin ester tackifiers but lower heat-aging resistance and greater moisture permeability. The choice between these polymer families is typically made after comparing peel adhesion by ASTM D1876-08(2015), low-temperature flex crack by ASTM D1052-09(2019), and melt viscosity on a capillary rheometer at 180 °C.
When the final article requires food-contact status, the base polymer may be evaluated against FDA 21 CFR 177.1350 or EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 for the specific food type, temperature, and contact duration. Compliance of the formulated compound is not automatic; migrating tackifiers, waxes, antioxidants, and processing aids must be considered. For industrial applications, the unmodified polymer is typically outside the restricted substances categories of REACH and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, but finished-article certification requires full composition review. In storage, sealed bags should be kept below 40 °C and away from direct sunlight; the expected shelf life is typically 12 months from production. Opened bags should be consumed promptly because surface condensation in humid environments introduces moisture that can cause splay in extrusion and pinholes in cast film. The grade is incompatible with strong oxidizing acids, chlorinated solvents at elevated temperature, and acid-sensitive additives; prolonged exposure above 200 °C generates acetic acid and can corrode unplated steel equipment.
Typical production failures associated with EVA 2815 are moisture splay from inadequately dried pellets, melt fracture from excessive screw speed or low die temperature, acid odor from extended hold times above 200 °C, and surface tack or blocking in pellet handling when storage temperatures exceed 40 °C. Each failure mode is mitigated by controlling the specific equipment parameter—dew point, screw speed, barrel temperature profile, and warehouse temperature—rather than by reformulating the base polymer. If a persistent processing defect remains after these controls are implemented, a different melt-flow grade or vinyl acetate level should be selected. Material change-over in a production extruder requires purging with a lower melt-flow polyethylene or purging compound at 160–180 °C to remove residual EVA from stagnant zones before shutdown.
