| HS Code | 902484 |
| Appearance | White or light yellow granular powder |
| Degree Of Alcoholysis | 99.0-100.0 mol% |
| Average Degree Of Polymerization | About 500 |
| Viscosity 4 Aqueous Solution 20 C | 5.0-7.0 mPa·s |
| Ph 4 Aqueous Solution | 5.0-7.0 |
| Volatile Content | ≤ 5.0% |
| Ash Content | ≤ 0.5% |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in water above 90°C |
| Density | 1.27-1.31 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | About 230°C with decomposition |
| Tensile Strength | 20-35 MPa |
| Particle Size | 20-80 mesh |
As an accredited Shuangxin 05-99 PVA (PVA 098-05) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Shuangxin 05-99 PVA is supplied in 25 kg net multi-wall paper bags with an inner plastic liner. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Shuangxin 05-99 PVA (PVA 098-05) loaded in 20′ FCL, securely palletized, kept dry and ventilated, ensuring safe transport. |
| Shipping | Shuangxin 05-99 PVA (PVA 098-05) ships as a non-hazardous, water-soluble polymer powder in sealed multi-layer bags or bulk bags. Keep dry in ventilated containers, protected from moisture and direct sunlight. Standard dry cargo handling applies; avoid dust inhalation and store in cool conditions during transit. |
| Storage | Store Shuangxin 05-99 PVA in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and moisture. Keep containers tightly sealed when not in use to prevent clumping. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents. Maintain temperatures below 40°C (104°F). Under proper conditions, shelf life is typically 12–24 months. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life: 2 years when stored in a cool, dry place, away from moisture and direct sunlight. |
A 4 wt% aqueous solution of PVA 098-05, prepared under low-shear mechanical agitation at 88–92 °C for 30 min, yields a Brookfield viscosity of 4.5–5.5 mPa·s at 20 °C when tested in accordance with GB/T 12010.3-2010. The alcoholysis degree remains within 98.0–99.5 mol% under GB/T 12010.2-2010. In high-speed warp sizing, this combination of low hydrodynamic volume and fully hydrolyzed chain architecture allows the size mix to be held at 8–12 wt% solids without exceeding the viscosity limits of size-box circulation pumps. Cooking is conventionally performed in a horizontal jet cooker or pressure cooker at 110–125 °C for 15–20 min, after which the size is transferred to a stirred supply tank maintained at 75–85 °C. A low-DP fully hydrolyzed grade reduces the shear thinning deflection observed in size boxes equipped with high-turbulence injection systems, but the film strength of the dried size is lower than that of a high-DP grade such as PVA 17-99. For cotton and cotton-polyester warp yarns, the size formulation typically blends PVA 098-05 with oxidized starch or acrylate co-sizes; the PVA contributes hydrogen bonding to cellulose hydroxyl groups, while the starch or acrylate moderates film brittleness. Loom abrasion resistance improves when the PVA fraction is not made to carry the entire tensile load. Sized-yarn tensile and elongation are evaluated under ASTM D2256-21. A size add-on of 6–10 wt% is common for 20 tex cotton warp yarn, but polyester-rich warps may require the PVA fraction to be reduced to avoid excessive stiffness and shedding at the reed. Desizing of PVA is performed with hot water at 85–95 °C, followed by ultrafiltration recovery in closed-loop systems; enzyme desizing targeted at starch does not hydrolyze the fully hydrolyzed PVA fraction, so the PVA must be removed by dissolution and mechanical wash-out rather than enzymatic degradation. Operational limits include the risk of skin-over in open size boxes when the PVA concentration exceeds 10 wt% and the surface temperature falls below 60 °C, producing gel films that transfer unevenly to the warp sheet.
| Parameter | Result | Test basis |
|---|---|---|
| Alcoholysis degree | 98.0–99.5 mol% | GB/T 12010.2-2010 |
| Solution viscosity | 4.5–5.5 mPa·s at 4 wt%, 20 °C | GB/T 12010.3-2010 |
| Volatile matter | ≤ 5.0 wt% | GB/T 12010.4-2010 |
| Ash content | ≤ 0.5 wt% | GB/T 12010.5-2010 |
| pH of 4 wt% solution | 5.0–7.0 | GB/T 12010.6-2010 |
At the size press, PVA 098-05 is metered into a starch-based surface size at 2–5 wt% dry solids, depending on furnish and sheet porosity. Because the low-DP fully hydrolyzed grade has a low solution viscosity, film-transfer metering systems can maintain a wet-film thickness of 18–22 g/m² without rod streak. The primary measured effect is a reduction in water absorptiveness under ISO 535:2014, with the magnitude of Cobb-value reduction being furnish-dependent and not solely controlled by PVA content; porous recycled liner requires a higher PVA fraction than sized graphic paper. Surface strength is evaluated by IGT pick resistance under ISO 3783:2006. The dried PVA film forms hydrogen bonds with the fiber surface and reduces the migration of starch into the base sheet. In alkaline size-press systems, PVA 098-05 remains compatible with cationic starch at pH 7.5–8.5, but the addition of boric acid or borax to induce crosslinking must be limited because the diol-borate complexation can raise Brookfield viscosity sharply at pH above 8.0. A conventional puddle size press operating at 50–60 °C can run PVA 098-05 at higher solids than a gate-roll film-transfer press without viscosity-related blade chatter, but open puddle systems show surface skinning after prolonged hold time at low circulation rates. The practice of partial replacement of oxidized corn starch with PVA 098-05 is governed less by solids compatibility than by the wet-pick stability of the size film; if the PVA fraction exceeds 30 wt% of the surface-size solids, the wet film can redissolve too slowly during sheet rewetting and may contribute to blocking under calendering pressure. Bulk tensile, burst, and bending stiffness must be monitored under ISO 1924-2:2008, ISO 2758:2014, and ISO 2493-1:2010 respectively, because PVA surface sizing changes the failure mode of the sheet from fiber pull-out to film-dominated surface cracking at low sheet moisture.
Slip formulations containing submicron alumina or zirconia often incorporate fully hydrolyzed low-viscosity PVA as a temporary binder to impart green strength after spray drying or filter pressing. PVA 098-05 can be pre-dissolved at 5–10 wt% in deionized water and added to the ceramic slip at 0.5–2.0 wt% of dry powder mass. The low polymerization degree produces a low-viscosity binder solution that distributes across fine particle surfaces without creating the severe spray-dryer nozzle clogging associated with high-DP grades. Green flexural strength is measured by three-point bending under ASTM C1161-18; the measured strength increase is sensitive to pressing pressure, moisture content, and binder distribution. Overdosing beyond 2.0 wt% can create intergranular film bridging, resulting in lamination cracks during ejection or springback after uniaxial pressing. Debinding is carried out in air at a ramp rate of 1 °C/min to 500 °C, with a hold at 350–400 °C for the oxidative decomposition of the polymer chain; the ash contribution remains within the specification if the starting resin ash is ≤ 0.5 wt%. Faster ramping above 2 °C/min can cause internal pressure from volatile decomposition products and edge cracking in thick compacted bodies. The interaction of PVA with ceramic dispersants must be checked: full hydrolyzed PVA can compete with anionic polyacrylate dispersants for particle surface sites, altering slip conductivity and zeta potential. Slip rheology is monitored with a rotational viscometer at 60 rpm or by controlled-stress rheometry, and the low-DP grade is preferred where the target slip viscosity at 20 °C must remain below the pump curve of a continuous casting line. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, so binder dosage and debinding interval must be validated by thermogravimetric analysis of each batch.
In cementitious dry-mix formulations, PVA 098-05 is first dissolved in the mixing water at 25–40 °C before addition to cement, graded sand, or gypsum. The fully hydrolyzed low-DP resin increases water retention in thin-bed tile adhesive formulations tested under EN 12004:2012, but the addition rate is a narrow processing variable: 0.3–1.0 wt% of dry mix is the practical range for retaining workability without excessive air entrainment. At addition levels above 1.2 wt%, the polymer solution can form a surface film that reduces open time and interferes with skin formation at the tile-adhesive interface. In gypsum plasters, PVA 098-05 at 0.2–0.6 wt% improves cohesion of the wet mortar on vertical surfaces, but it can extend the setting time when the plaster system uses high-sulfate accelerators; the set time must be checked under a penetration-resistance method such as ASTM C403/C403M-16. Water retention is evaluated by a standardized vacuum method such as ASTM C1506-17. Dry-blending PVA powder directly with cement and then adding cold water is not permitted: undispersed gel particles form and the polymer will not develop its full water-retention function. The low-DP grade has an operational advantage in cold-water dissolution because it wets out and dissolves faster than high-DP fully hydrolyzed PVA, but the solution remains vulnerable to biological degradation if stored for more than 48 h without preservative.
When PVA 098-05 is cooked in a jacketed mixer at 85–90 °C with dextrin, plasticizer, and water, the low polymerization degree allows higher total solids to be processed without exceeding the pourable viscosity for remoistenable envelope, label, and gummed-tape adhesives. The PVA fraction commonly ranges from 20–35 wt% of the dry adhesive solids, with dextrin comprising the balance. The addition of borax or boric acid at 0.5–1.5 parts per hundred dry resin raises viscosity through diol-borate crosslinking, but the response is not linear: a small increase from 0.8 to 1.2 parts borax can produce a disproportionate viscosity climb, particularly at pH above 8.5. Because PVA 098-05 is fully hydrolyzed, the density of 1,2-diol units is higher than in partially hydrolyzed grades, and the borate complexation effect is therefore more pronounced. The cooked adhesive is coated onto kraft stock at 15–25 g/m² dry coat weight using a wire-wound rod or roll coater, and the dried film is evaluated for blocking resistance and rewet tack. T-peel adhesion of gummed tape to kraft can be evaluated under ASTM D1876-08. In all cases, the film must be completely redissolvable under a wet roller at 20–40 °C; residual undissolved gel fractions indicate over-crosslinking from borate or excessive thermal history. Processing equipment should avoid prolonged hold times above 80 °C, because the low-DP chain can degrade by chain scission and the water-soluble film may lose adhesive film strength. For adhesives requiring high initial tack, partially hydrolyzed PVA is generally used in place of or in addition to PVA 098-05, since fully hydrolyzed grades are weaker surfactants and form stiffer dried films.
Water-soluble film manufacture based on low-DP fully hydrolyzed PVA encounters a tensile strength ceiling that makes the resin suitable primarily as a blending modifier rather than as a sole film former. The low polymerization degree reduces solution viscosity at high solids, which is advantageous for casting thicker wet films, but the dried film tensile strength and tear resistance are lower than those obtained from PVA 17-99 or PVA 20-99. When PVA 098-05 is blended at 10–30 wt% into a higher-DP fully hydrolyzed PVA, the mixed solution retains adequate film strength while shortening the dissolution time in hot water. The dissolution rate is measured gravimetrically or by the time required for complete disintegration of a 50 µm film specimen in stirred water at 40 °C; no single ISO standard covers all water-soluble film dissolution conditions, but tensile properties are evaluated under ASTM D882-18. For laundry unit-dose or agrochemical packaging, a film based solely on PVA 098-05 may fail the puncture and seal-strength requirements of high-speed form-fill-seal equipment, so the grade is not recommended as the only polymer. Aqueous solution casting at 15–20 wt% solids is possible with the low-DP grade, and the solution can be held at 70–80 °C without the severe gelation that high-DP fully hydrolyzed grades show at the same concentration. The dried film is more brittle and more sensitive to humidity-induced swelling; conditioning at 50 % relative humidity and 23 °C before tensile testing is required to obtain comparable results under ASTM D882-18. For applications that require rapid dissolution but do not require high tensile toughness, such as temporary protective films or transfer-release layers, PVA 098-05 can be used alone with a plasticizer content of 10–20 wt% based on dry resin.
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Polyvinyl alcohol 05-99 from Shuangxin, also designated PVA 098-05, is a fully hydrolysed, low-viscosity vinyl alcohol homopolymer. The model string identifies a nominal degree of polymerisation in the 500 range and an alcoholysis degree near 99 mol%; the alternate four-digit code encodes the same polymer class. Shuangxin manufactures the grade to the GB/T 12010 series, and certificates of analysis typically report alcoholysis degree by GB/T 12010.2-2010, viscosity by GB/T 12010.3-2010 using an Ubbelohde viscometer, volatile matter by GB/T 12010.4-2010, ash by GB/T 12010.5-2010, and pH by GB/T 12010.6-2010. The polymer carries CAS 9002-89-5 and is water-soluble; however, because the alcoholysis degree is 98.0–99.0 mol%, dissolution requires heat input above 70 °C, unlike partially hydrolysed grades in the 86–89 mol% range that disperse in cold water.
In the as-received powder form, the grade is a white to off-white granule or powder. The lot release specification for viscosity is typically 4.5–6.0 mPa·s for a 4% aqueous solution at 20 °C, though lot-specific certificates of analysis should be consulted because Shuangxin may report against an internal method aligned to GB/T 12010.3-2010. Volatile matter is normally controlled at ≤5.0%, ash at ≤0.5%, and pH of a 4% solution at 5.0–7.0. Residual acetyl content is below 2.0 mol%, measured as saponification-released acetic acid. Published data for Shuangxin-certified lot-to-lot variance for this specific grade is limited; the above ranges reflect the general 05-99 class and should be verified against the supplier’s certificate.
The main process conflict in using fully hydrolysed PVA 05-99 is that its high crystallinity, resulting from the 98–99 mol% alcoholysis degree, raises the minimum dissolution temperature while the low polymerisation degree shortens the molecular weight distribution tail. In production-scale kettles, powder is pre-slurried in deionised water at 10–25 °C with a turbine agitator tip speed of 3–5 m/s to wet the particles, then heated to 85–95 °C and held for 30–60 min. If the slurry is heated too quickly before the powder is fully swollen, gel particles form on the liquid surface and on the kettle wall; these particles are not removed by a 100 mesh filter but will blind a 200 mesh screen. The solution should be cooled under low shear to 40–50 °C before transfer to storage, and viscosity drift during extended hold at 90 °C is usually caused by microgel aggregation rather than molecular weight degradation; nitrogen blanketing may be used if colour stability is critical. The process boundary for this grade is therefore a minimum dissolution temperature of 85 °C; below 80 °C, solution clarity may appear acceptable yet film defects appear later in casting or sizing.
Solution compatibility boundaries should be observed. The fully hydrolysed grade is not compatible with strong mineral acids, which catalyse dehydration and insolubilisation; borate salts, which form stiff complexes; and high concentrations of polyvalent metal ions, which reduce shelf life. Glyoxal or dialdehyde crosslinkers can be added at 0.5–2.0 wt% on PVA solids to improve water resistance of paper coatings, but gel time depends on pH; buffering at pH 4–5 is typical for controlled pot life. At pH > 8, the solution may discolour during prolonged heating. These boundaries are not unique to Shuangxin 05-99 but are more critical because the high alcoholysis content provides fewer acetate substituents to interrupt borate crosslinking.
In remoistenable adhesive and paper converting, 05-99 is typically formulated as a 5–10 wt% aqueous solution with plasticisers or dextrin. The fully hydrolysed polymer imparts higher wet bond strength and lower moisture sensitivity than partially hydrolysed 05-88. Application viscosity at 25 °C for a 5 wt% solution is commonly below 150 mPa·s when measured by Brookfield viscometer at 20 rpm; this allows clean roll-coating on kraft paper. Film tensile strength of solution-cast specimens conditioned at 23 °C and 50% RH is reported in polymer film literature at 40–60 MPa, with elongation at break 150–250%, when tested per ASTM D882-18. Users should verify exact film properties on their own substrate because fillers, defoamers, and drying profiles change crystal development. The product is not a cold-water grade; mixing into process water below 70 °C yields an opaque dispersion, not a true solution.
Textile warp sizing is a major application. A size mix containing 4–6 wt% 05-99 and native or modified starch is applied to spun cotton and polyester/cotton warps. The PVA contributes film strength and abrasion resistance on high-speed looms; the low DP keeps size-box viscosity low enough for jet cooking and reduces starch retrogradation compared with 17-99. Desizing of the fully hydrolysed grade requires hot water above 80 °C or an oxidant-based desizing agent; partially hydrolysed grades are removed faster at lower temperatures. The narrow viscosity specification of 4.5–6.0 mPa·s supports size add-on control within ±0.5% absolute on a slasher, provided the cook temperature stays at 90 ± 5 °C. For air-jet weaving of Ne 40 cotton, size add-on values of 8–12% are typical, but published data for this specific product in textile field trials is limited; trials should include weave-room humidity at 70–80% RH to prevent size film brittleness.
The difference between 05-99 and 05-88 lies in alcoholysis control. At 98–99 mol%, interchain hydrogen bonding is strong enough to require thermal energy for disruption; at 86.5–89.0 mol%, residual acetate groups reduce crystallinity and permit solution preparation in water at 20–30 °C. The trade-off is water resistance: films from 05-99 show lower swelling after 24 h water immersion than those from 05-88. In adhesion to hydrophobic substrates, the fully hydrolysed grade generally produces higher ultimate tensile strength but lower tack and slower open time. Therefore 05-99 is selected when the downstream process can accommodate a 85–95 °C cook step and the final article requires moisture resistance; 05-88 is selected when cold or ambient processing is compulsory and re-moistenability is acceptable.
Table 1 compares the class-range specifications of 05-99 with two common alternatives. The values are typical public technical data for PVA grades in the same test framework; Shuangxin lot-specific certificates may vary within the stated ranges.
| Parameter | Shuangxin 05-99 (PVA 098-05) | 05-88 | 17-99 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alcoholysis degree | 98.0–99.0 mol% | 86.5–89.0 mol% | 99.0–100.0 mol% |
| Viscosity, 4% aqueous, 20 °C | 4.5–6.0 mPa·s | 4.5–6.0 mPa·s | 20–28 mPa·s |
| Minimum dissolution temperature | 85–95 °C | 20–30 °C | 90–95 °C |
| Film water resistance | Higher than 05-88; similar to 17-99 | Lower than 05-99 | Higher than 05-88 |
| Typical use profile | Adhesives, textile sizing, paper surface sizing | Cold-mix adhesives, suspension polymerisation | High-strength sizing, papermaking |
Because PVA degrades at temperatures close to its crystalline melting point, 05-99 is not melt-processable as a pure polymer without plasticiser. Water, glycerol, or polyol plasticisers lower the processing temperature enough for film extrusion. In blown film, a water-plasticised PVA pellet or pre-compounded masterbatch is used on a single-screw extruder with a compression ratio of 3:1 and barrel temperatures below 190 °C. Residual water is controlled to 15–30 wt% in the feed, and venting is required to avoid steam pressure instability. The low-viscosity grade is less prone to shear overheating than 17-99 but may require a higher plasticiser level or a narrower die-temperature band to maintain bubble stability.
On a twin-screw extruder used for PVA compounding, the low-viscosity grade may require careful liquid injection because it wets slowly and can form cavitation bubbles if the plasticiser is injected too early. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; compounding trials should begin with liquid injection downstream of the first kneading block and a screw speed ramp from 100 rpm to 300 rpm to prevent overtorque. The product’s low ash content reduces screw wear relative to filled PVA compounds.
The nominal degree of polymerisation of 500 does not appear directly on certificates; instead, viscosity is a proxy. The relationship between intrinsic viscosity and viscosity-average molecular weight can be described by the Mark-Houwink equation, but routine release uses the empirical 4% solution viscosity. Low-DP fully hydrolysed grades such as 05-99 exhibit lower shear sensitivity than high-DP grades because the chain length is below the entanglement threshold at typical use concentrations. This is advantageous in high-speed coating where high shear reduces dynamic viscosity predictably.
Table 2 lists the principal release parameters and the test designations that should appear on a certificate of analysis. If a parameter is not reported, the user should request it before qualifying the grade for food-contact or pharmaceutical use.
| Parameter | Typical range | Test designation |
|---|---|---|
| Alcoholysis degree | 98.0–99.0 mol% | GB/T 12010.2-2010 |
| Viscosity, 4% aqueous, 20 °C | 4.5–6.0 mPa·s | GB/T 12010.3-2010 |
| Volatile matter | ≤5.0% | GB/T 12010.4-2010 |
| Ash | ≤0.5% | GB/T 12010.5-2010 |
| pH, 4% solution | 5.0–7.0 | GB/T 12010.6-2010 |
| Residual acetyl | ≤2.0 mol% | Calculated from alcoholysis degree |
In paper surface sizing, 05-99 is used at 0.5–2.0 wt% solution. The low solution viscosity permits size-press pickup at higher solids than high-DP grades. IGT surface strength improvements can be measured according to ISO 3783 or TAPPI T 499; the increase depends on base paper and drying. The fully hydrolysed grade provides oil resistance and reduces dusting. However, if the paper machine has a flooded nip size press with short contact time, undissolved gel particles from incomplete cooking cause blade scratches; a 100 mesh inline filter is recommended.
For food-contact applications, the grade should be qualified under 21 CFR 177.1670 for polyvinyl alcohol film or 21 CFR 176.170 and 21 CFR 176.180 for paper and paperboard components, as applicable. Migration limits under EU 10/2011 apply to finished articles; the supplier should provide a compliance statement for residual vinyl acetate monomer, sodium acetate, and methanol. For pharmaceutical topical films, published data for this specific Shuangxin grade is limited, so a supplier audit and lot-specific extraction profile are required.
Powder storage should be below 30 °C and at relative humidity below 60% to prevent caking; if exposed above 60% RH, the powder may absorb moisture and bridge in screw feeders. Pre-drying is not normally required unless the powder is to be dry-blended with moisture-sensitive additives. Bags should be kept sealed because the product is hygroscopic and may develop lumps that are harder to disperse. Dry powder conveying systems should be grounded to avoid electrostatic discharge, and dust collection should be designed for a Kst value verified in accordance with ASTM E1226.
In sustainability-related assessments, the low ash specification of ≤0.5% and the absence of intentionally added halogen-bearing additives simplify material declarations. RoHS does not apply to PVA as a polymer unless the finished electrical article incorporates the material, in which case the inorganic residue should be included in the article-level declaration. The grade is not intended for direct consumer use as an ingredient and should be handled with dust control consistent with combustible organic powder processing.
