| HS Code | 294299 |
| Material | Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) laminate interlayer |
| Form | Roll film with a pre-printed opaque black frame and clear camera aperture |
| Thickness | 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, and 1.14 mm standard options |
| Visible Light Transmittance | Greater than 90% in the clear aperture area |
| Haze | Less than 1% in the clear aperture area |
| Uv Absorption | Absorbs ultraviolet radiation up to approximately 380 nm |
| Black Frame Opacity | Opaque black border that blocks visible and UV light |
| Refractive Index | Approximately 1.48 |
| Density | Approximately 1.07 g/cm³ |
| Adhesion To Glass | Controlled strong adhesion to glass and ceramic frit |
| Tensile Strength | Greater than 20 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | Greater than 250% |
| Glass Transition Temperature | Approximately 30°C |
| Optical Clarity | Minimal optical distortion for camera and sensor functionality |
As an accredited Trosifol CamViera factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Trosifol CamViera interlayer film is supplied in sealed, moisture-resistant packaging as rolls, one roll per box, ready for lamination. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Trosifol CamViera rolls are packed in protective packaging, palletized, and securely loaded into a 20′ FCL container to prevent damage and moisture. |
| Shipping | Trosifol CamViera ships as rolled PVB interlayer film in sealed, moisture-barrier packaging to prevent water absorption and surface defects. Use dry, clean containers, avoid sharp impacts, and protect from direct sunlight and temperature extremes. Handle with care to preserve roll integrity; no hazardous goods declaration required under normal dry transport conditions. |
| Storage | Store Trosifol CamViera in its original sealed packaging in a cool, dry, clean area, ideally at 5–25°C. Avoid direct sunlight, heat sources, and high humidity, as moisture can damage the interlayer. Keep rolls horizontal or as recommended, and use within the stated shelf life to ensure optimal performance. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is 12 months from shipment if stored unopened, dry, and cool (below 15°C), away from light and heat. |
In forward-facing camera-zone windshield lamination, Trosifol CamViera polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer film functions as a refractive element in the optical path, not merely as a glass-bonding tie layer. The relevant compliance boundary is set by ECE R43 revision 4, GB 9656-2016, and FMVSS 205 for motor vehicle safety glazing, with optical homogeneity evaluated under ASTM D1003-21 for haze and ISO 13468-2:2021 for total luminous transmittance. The areal addition ratio for a 0.76 mm film is 0.82 kg/m² between a 2.0–2.1 mm outer glass ply and a 1.6–2.0 mm inner glass ply; 1.52 mm film at 1.64 kg/m² is applied where acoustic or structural stiffness demands exceed the standard build. Production lines use a two-stage deairing cycle: ambient vacuum-bag evacuation at −0.90 bar followed by IR preheating to 80 °C, then autoclave consolidation at 140 °C and 12 bar for 90 min. The terminal products are laminated windshields for mono- and stereo-camera ADAS platforms operating automatic emergency braking, lane-keeping assist, and traffic-sign recognition. The limiting processing constraint is moisture control: PVB roll stock stored at 18 °C and 20–30 % RH prevents edge microvoiding; pre-drying is mandatory if RH exceeds 60 % in the clean-room layup zone. Batch-to-batch variation in film moisture above 0.35 % has been observed to increase post-autoclave double-image angle on older deairing roller lines, and layup speed must be reduced to maintain edge seal below the ceramic band.
Double-image separation in head-up display windshields is governed by wedge geometry before interlayer optical quality becomes limiting. A constant-thickness CamViera film at an areal addition ratio of 0.76 mm (0.82 kg/m²) is used in HUD stacks where the inner glass ply is wedge-shaped or a wedge insert is added between film and inner glass; the film's role is to maintain post-lamination haze below the OEM acceptance threshold rather than to provide wedge correction. Compliance for HUD windshields remains under ECE R43 revision 4 and GB 9656-2016, with additional OEM-specific dynamic virtual image testing; haze and luminous transmittance are measured per ASTM D1003-21 and ISO 13468-2:2021. The layup process requires plasma or de-ionized rinsing of the wedge glass before film application, followed by vacuum-bag deairing and autoclave curing at 138–140 °C and 12 bar. The terminal products are passenger-vehicle windshields with combiner-HUD or windshield-HUD projection, including augmented-reality navigation display platforms. For wide vertical HUD eyeboxes, constant-thickness film alone cannot correct ghosting, and published data for this specific configuration is limited; optical stack validation must be carried out on an HUD test bench with a rotating image-source fixture before production release.
For camera-monitor system side and rear lites that replace exterior mirrors under ISO 16505:2019 and ECE R46 indirect-vision requirements, the optical path must remain stable during exposure to wash fluid, ice, and vibration. The CamViera film is used at an areal addition ratio of 0.76 mm (0.82 kg/m²) between 1.6–1.8 mm chemically strengthened glass plies for side laminated lites and at 1.52 mm (1.64 kg/m²) for rear quarter lites with acoustic requirements. The production process uses a cleanroom layup at 18–22 °C, a vacuum-bag deairing step with at least two slow-speed nip-roll passes, and autoclave curing at 135 °C and 11–12 bar. Terminal products include Class II and Class IV CMS side windows, rear quarter windows for heavy commercial vehicles, and laminated camera windows for agricultural machinery cabs. The main process conflict arises from thin-glass sag during autoclave: if the glass plies are not supported by a full-contact bending tool, local curvature change near the camera aperture shifts the optical axis in initial qualification runs, requiring tool correction before serial production.
Exterior optical sensor covers for LiDAR, forward-facing camera domes, and infrared sensor windows are built with CamViera PVB at an areal addition ratio of 0.76 mm (0.82 kg/m²), laminated between a 2.0 mm UV-stable polycarbonate outer layer and a 1.0–2.0 mm glass or polycarbonate inner substrate. The relevant compliance matrix includes ISO 13468-2:2021 for luminous transmittance, ASTM D1003-21 for haze after environmental cycling, ISO 4892-2:2013 for weathering exposure, and IEC 60068-2-64:2008 for vibration durability; wavelength-specific LiDAR transmission is not covered by these standards, and published data for 905 nm and 1550 nm configurations is limited. Lamination is performed at lower autoclave temperatures of 120–125 °C to avoid polycarbonate stress release, with a 60–90 min cycle and vacuum-bag deairing below −0.85 bar. Terminal products are external camera housings for commercial vehicles, autonomous shuttle sensor pods, and industrial machine-vision enclosures. The primary processing incompatibility is with amine-containing primer residues on polycarbonate; these induce haze at the film/substrate interface during autoclave, so plasma treatment with filtered dry air is used instead.
| Optical/interlayer application | Normative reference | Test method designation | Parameter verified |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADAS camera-zone windshield | ECE R43 rev 4 / GB 9656-2016 | ASTM D1003-21 | post-lamination haze and luminous transmittance |
| HUD windshield | ECE R43 rev 4 / OEM dynamic HUD specification | ISO 13468-2:2021 | luminous transmittance, double-image angle |
| CMS side/rear lite | ISO 16505:2019 / ECE R46 | ASTM D1003-21 | optical stability after environmental cycling |
| LiDAR/sensor cover | IEC 60068-2-64:2008 / ISO 4892-2:2013 | ASTM D1003-21 | haze after weathering and vibration |
| Display cover glass | IEC 62368-1:2018 | ASTM D1003-21 | post-bonding haze and thermal shock |
| Armored camera port | EN 1063 / UL 972 / ASTM F1233-17 | ASTM D1003-21 | optical distortion after ballistic or forced-entry test |
When interior display cover glass is laminated for automotive center-stack and instrument-cluster screens, CamViera film bonds a 1.1 mm alkali-aluminosilicate cover glass to a 0.7 mm rear glass or polycarbonate LCD backing at an areal addition ratio of 0.76 mm (0.82 kg/m²). The main compliance standards are IEC 62368-1:2018 for display equipment safety, ASTM D1003-21 for haze, and OEM-specific thermal shock requirements such as 500 cycles from −40 °C to 85 °C without interlayer delamination or yellowing. The production line uses a cleanroom vacuum-laminating press at 125 °C and 9–10 bar, followed by post-curing dimensional inspection on a laser profilometer to detect thickness wedge below the display bonding tolerance. Terminal products include automotive infotainment screens, digital instrument clusters, and point-of-sale touch displays. The process bottleneck is the mismatch between lower autoclave pressure required for polycarbonate rear panels and higher pressure needed for full elimination of microvoids in the PVB layer; split-capacity multi-chamber autoclaves with independent pressure zones are used to avoid batch rejection.
In armored glazing, an optical camera port places two contradictory requirements on the interlayer: the camera aperture must remain free of optical distortion while the surrounding panel passes forced-entry or ballistic testing under EN 1063, UL 972, or ASTM F1233-17. CamViera film is integrated at areal addition ratios of 0.76 mm (0.82 kg/m²) in the camera port stack and 1.52 mm or 2.28 mm (1.64 kg/m² or 2.46 kg/m²) in the surrounding armor, often with multiple PVB plies alternating with polycarbonate. The production process uses pre-bent glass/polycarbonate plies, graduated vacuum-bag deairing at −0.90 bar, and autoclave consolidation at 130–135 °C and 12 bar with an extended soak time of 120 min to ensure interfacial adhesion across different material layers. Terminal products include cash-in-transit vehicle camera windows, security checkpoint glazing with integrated video recording, and armored door observation ports. The main operational limitation is the mismatch in autoclave heating rate between 8–12 mm glass plies and 3–6 mm polycarbonate layers; if the heating ramp exceeds 3 °C/min, polycarbonate stress relaxation can deform the camera port edge and create localized haze under ASTM D1003-21.
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Trosifol CamViera is an extruded polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer formulated for laminated glazing in which camera-based driver-assistance sensors, LiDAR emitters, or machine-vision systems must transmit and receive through the glass stack. The grade is identified by the trade name CamViera rather than a separate numeric model series; roll labels carry product designation, nominal thickness, and production lot for batch traceability. It is not positioned as a general-purpose safety PVB; its specification is directed at the sensor aperture, camera window, and adjacent glass-to-frit transition. Supplied in roll widths up to 1830 mm and standard PVB thicknesses of 0.76 mm and 1.52 mm, CamViera can be used as a full ply in the camera field-of-view or as an inboard layer in a multi-ply windshield stack. Because the product remains a PVB chemistry, lamination does not require the higher autoclave temperatures associated with ionoplast materials such as SentryGlas. The distinction from commodity PVB is the combination of lower residual optical retardation, tighter cross-web thickness control, and a reduced additive package that preserves signal contrast across the visible and near-infrared band from 400 nm to approximately 950 nm. In final laminated form, the relevant optical indices are haze and luminous transmittance, measured respectively under ASTM D1003-21 and ISO 13468-1:2019, with additional OEM-specific sensor acceptance tests governing production release.
Roll handling affects optical yield more than nominal thickness. On master rolls at 1830 mm width, cross-web thickness mapping at 50 mm intervals is recommended because PVB extrusion can produce edge roll-down and a central hump. Sensor-aperture blanks should not be cut from the outermost 150 mm unless mapping confirms gauge stability. Wound roll hardness and telescoping also influence layup flatness. If the roll has been stored horizontally or stacked, a conditioning period of 24 h at flat layup temperature before cutting reduces insertion wrinkles and prevents optical power in the laminated camera window.
General-purpose PVB is manufactured for visible transparency and glass retention, not for wavefront stability across a small camera aperture. Cross-web thickness ripple in standard sheet can create local optical power when laminated into a windshield; although the absolute thickness variation may be within lamination tolerances, a camera sensor with a narrow field of view registers the resulting image shift. At wavelengths such as 850 nm and 905 nm, which are common to automotive cameras and LiDAR, localized refractive-index gradients and birefringence alter polarization state and return-signal intensity. CamViera addresses these variables at the sheet-production stage by minimizing orientation anisotropy and reducing cross-web gauge variation. The product differs from commodity PVB not through a change in base resin but through production screening, additive selection, and the exclusion of additives that can introduce absorption tails in the near-infrared. Published data for the specific configuration of a windshield with ceramic frit, wedged PVB, and local sensor aperture is limited; therefore, incoming sheet inspection should include cross-web thickness mapping and polarimetric screening rather than relying only on bulk material certificates.
| Parameter | Control range | Reference method |
|---|---|---|
| Interlayer moisture content | ≤0.45% | ASTM D7191-18 or calibrated infrared moisture balance |
| Storage relative humidity | 20–35% at 15–22 °C | ISO 291:2008 class 23/50 adapted for PVB sheet |
| Nip-roll exit glass surface temperature | 60–75 °C | Calibrated infrared pyrometer |
| Autoclave holding pressure | 1.0–1.4 MPa (10–14 bar) | Calibrated pressure transducer |
| Autoclave holding temperature | 135–145 °C | Glass-surface thermocouple |
| Laminated glass haze | ≤1.0% | ASTM D1003-21 |
| Luminous transmittance after lamination | ≥87% for 2.1 mm glass / 0.76 mm interlayer | ISO 13468-1:2019 |
On a production autoclave with a vessel diameter of 3.0 m and working length of 6.0 m, the principal failure modes observed in sensor-grade PVB lamination are edge deairing defects and glass-to-PVB slip adjacent to the ceramic frit. The frit step at the camera-window perimeter behaves as a stress concentrator during deairing. If the glass surface exits the nip-roller oven below 60 °C, residual air remains at the frit edge and is not eliminated by the autoclave cycle. Laminators should not compensate by raising autoclave pressure above 1.4 MPa without first confirming sheet moisture and deairing roll temperature, because excessive pressure can force molten PVB into the frit step and create an optical wedge anomaly. The pressure ramp to 1.2 MPa should begin only after the glass surface reaches 100 °C; premature pressurization locks incipient air bubbles into the camera aperture. These constraints are independent of CamViera and apply to all PVB sensor-path laminates, but the product’s tighter optical tolerance raises the cost of rework when the cycle is not optimized.
The deairing step uses either vacuum bag or nip-roller systems. In vacuum-bag lamination, the bag is evacuated to below 50 mbar and the stack is heated at 3–5 K/min to 120 °C before autoclave transfer. In nip-roller lines, the first roll pair is set to 0.4–0.6 MPa and the oven exit glass surface maintained at 60–75 °C. PVB melt flow at the frit edge during autoclave is influenced by ramp rate; a heating rate above 5 K/min can create temperature gradients across thick glass and cause non-uniform melt front. For windshield glass thickness from 1.8 mm to 2.6 mm, the maximum thermal gradient in autoclave should be kept below 20 K across the part to avoid residual optical distortion.
Wedge-angle correction in a PVB sheet is a geometric feature used to suppress ghost images in head-up displays; it does not by itself correct birefringence or thickness-induced optical power. CamViera can be used as a non-wedged sensor-path ply in the same windshield with a wedged HUD interlayer. Optical retardation in PVB originates from polymer chain orientation locked during extrusion and can be amplified by local melt flow during autoclave. CamViera is processed to reduce residual retardation relative to general PVB, but final-laminate retardation remains the governing specification because glass tempering stress, frit thickness, and autoclave pressure distribution introduce second-order effects. For incoming sheet evaluation, photoelastic scanning under a defined field stop can be performed according to ASTM D4093; for finished windshields, OEM-specific polarized-light imaging is required because bulk haze and luminous transmittance do not detect retardation anomalies. The product does not carry an acoustic loss-factor specification unless combined with a sound-control ply; therefore, if an acoustic windshield is required, the stack design must include a separate acoustic interlayer.
Typical use is the laminated windshield region behind the camera/rain-sensor bracket, ADAS sensor windows printed with ceramic frit, and architectural panels with embedded optical sensors. For automotive glazing, the finished laminate must meet the relevant UN Regulation No. 43 requirements for luminous transmittance and mechanical strength, but the camera aperture additionally requires OEM-specific modulation transfer function evaluation. The interlayer’s mechanical role remains adhesion and glass retention under impact; it does not replace structural PVB or high-modulus ionoplast in load-bearing or point-fixed glass. In applications where post-breakage residual strength or edge impact controls the design, CamViera must be evaluated according to the same laminated-glass safety procedures as conventional PVB, including controlled breakage testing and optical inspection after pendulum impact.
In a windshield stack using a wedged HUD interlayer, the CamViera ply is commonly placed inboard of the HUD wedge. The wedge corrects ghost images by spatially varying thickness, but the camera aperture requires a separate region of flat optical power; combining both functions in one sheet is possible only if the local wedge slope in the camera zone remains below the sensor’s optical power tolerance. This tolerance is OEM-specific and is verified by fringe projection.
Sheet-level optical data are necessary but insufficient because autoclave flow and glass substrate tolerances add path-length variation that cannot be detected in the raw interlayer. If the camera window includes a screen-printed ceramic frit with dry film thickness between 15 µm and 30 µm, the local glass profile steps at surface 2 or surface 4. PVB melt flow into this step redistributes the interlayer and changes optical power. OEM pass/fail thresholds for final retardation and optical power are often confidential to the sensor supplier; therefore, production release is governed by OEM-specific sensor tests rather than a universal ISO limit. A practical development sequence uses a reflected fringe projection system to measure millidiopter optical power and a polarimetric scanner with an 850 nm source to map retardation at 6, 10, and 18 points across the camera field. If the measured optical power exceeds the OEM limit, compensation may require glass thickness adjustment, wedge-angle change, or autoclave cycle reduction. CamViera’s tighter sheet tolerance reduces the starting point of this compensation but cannot override the contributions of glass wedge, frit step, and bag pressure distribution.
Final certification of a camera-window windshield cannot rest on bulk luminous transmittance or haze alone. The sensor aperture must be mapped for modulation transfer function using a slanted-edge target at the wavelengths and spatial frequencies prescribed by the camera supplier. Optical power, expressed in millidiopters, is measured with a reflected fringe projection system; birefringence is mapped with a polarimetric scanner using an 850 nm source. Because the pass/fail limits are often confidential to the sensor supplier, the production optical specification is a controlled OEM document rather than a public ISO standard. The role of CamViera in this test chain is to reduce the interlayer contribution to wavefront error, thereby expanding the process window for glass and autoclave variation.
Compared with standard Trosifol PVB grades, CamViera is selected only where sensor-path optical control is required; it does not reclassify the mechanical performance of the laminated glass. Standard PVB and CamViera share the same moisture management rules, but CamViera has lower allowed residual retardation and a narrower cross-web thickness band. Compared with Trosifol ES or SentryGlas, CamViera remains in the PVB modulus regime; the tensile modulus of plasticized PVB is typically in the range of 5–15 MPa at room temperature when tested according to ISO 527-3, whereas high-modulus ionoplast interlayers are significantly stiffer and are specified for structural or blast-resistant glazing. Therefore, CamViera is not a substitute for structural interlayers in point-fixed, overhead, or post-breakage-critical applications. When an acoustic windshield is required, a separate acoustic interlayer must be added to the stack; CamViera’s damping contribution is not specified as a standalone acoustic product.
CamViera is moisture-sensitive in the same manner as all PVB interlayers. Sealed moisture-barrier bags should be stored at 8–16 °C. Once opened, the sheet should be conditioned in a lamination room at 20–30% relative humidity and 15–22 °C for no longer than 48 h before layup. If the uncontrolled ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%, pre-drying or immediate resealing is required. A sheet moisture content above 0.45% increases the probability of bubble formation during autoclave, especially at the camera frit edge; an over-dried sheet below 0.10% can reduce glass adhesion and create electrostatic handling problems on automated layup lines. PVB is incompatible with many amine-based additives; liquid edge sealants containing amine-functional compounds should be avoided because they can produce local plasticizer migration and cloudy edges. After autoclave, cut edges should be inspected for moisture-driven microvoids; if edge microvoids exceed 2 mm inboard depth, the cycle and storage history should be reviewed before optical certification.
CamViera is not formulated as a structural interlayer, and published long-term sensor-stability data for this specific configuration are limited. Automotive validation programs typically subject the final windshield to 85 °C/85% relative humidity damp heat, temperature cycling from -40 °C to 90 °C, and xenon-arc aging to determine camera signal drift over the vehicle service interval. Without OEM-specific aging data, the interlayer should not be represented as a universal drop-in replacement for all sensor windows outside validated stack-ups. It is also not a substitute for SentryGlas or high-modulus PVB in applications requiring elevated post-breakage stiffness.
