| HS Code | 804373 |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 28 wt% |
| Melt Flow Index | 150 g/10 min (190°C, 2.16 kg) |
| Density | 0.948 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 66 °C |
| Softening Point | 82 °C (Ring & Ball) |
| Tensile Strength | 7 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 800% |
| Hardness | 82 Shore A |
| Brittleness Temperature | -70 °C |
| Form | Pellets |
| Appearance | Clear/Transparent |
As an accredited LG EVA 28150 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 25 kg net polyethylene-lined paper bags, palletized and stretch-wrapped for safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20' FCL: 20-foot container loaded with LG EVA 28150 copolymer in bags on pallets, secured and ventilated. |
| Shipping | Shipping: LG EVA 28150 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer is not regulated as hazardous material for transport. It may be shipped by road, rail, sea, or air in clean, dry containers. Use standard industrial packaging, protect from moisture and excessive heat, and keep away from ignition sources. No special dangerous-goods labeling required. |
| Storage | Store LG EVA 28150 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Maintain ambient temperatures below 30°C and avoid high humidity. Do not stack excessively or store near oxidizing agents. Ensure proper labeling and segregation from incompatible materials. |
| Shelf Life | Store in a cool, dry place away from sunlight; shelf life is typically two years from the production date. |
In peroxide-crosslinked cellular footwear intermediates, LG EVA 28150 is blended with azodicarbonamide and dicumyl peroxide before circular expansion. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is specified with a vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% and a nominal melt index of 15 g/10 min at 190 °C/2.16 kg per ASTM D1238. The vinyl acetate content lowers crystallinity and lowers the Vicat softening point relative to low-VA extrusion grades. This permits uniform gas nucleation at melt temperatures below the dicumyl peroxide decomposition threshold. A typical production start point is 100 phr EVA 28150, 2.0–3.5 phr azodicarbonamide, 0.5–1.0 phr dicumyl peroxide, 0.5–1.0 phr zinc oxide, and 0.5–1.0 phr stearic acid. Mixing is performed on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 48:1. The feed zone is held at 90–100 °C. The compression zone is held at 110–120 °C. The metering zone is held at 120–130 °C. The die head is maintained at 125–135 °C. Adiabatic shear heating must not raise the melt above 140 °C. Above this limit premature dicumyl peroxide decomposition creates surface scorch and closed-cell collapse. Post-expansion ratios of 2.0–2.5 generate apparent densities of 0.15–0.25 g/cm³ when tested per ISO 845. Hardness is measured on conditioned slab stock per ASTM D2240. Resilience is measured per ASTM D2632. Batch-to-batch foam density drift on production lines is commonly traced to moisture absorbed by azodicarbonamide masterbatches. Drying at 60 °C for 2 h is required when warehouse relative humidity exceeds 60%. The finished midsoles, sports mats, and expansion-joint fillers are cut from slab stock or injected in closed molds. Long melt residence above 150 °C is avoided because acetic acid evolution increases and corrodes die lips.
Where mineral filler loadings above 150 phr are required in halogen-free cable jacketing, EVA 28150 serves as part of the polymer matrix to accept alumina trihydrate and magnesium dihydroxide. The polar vinyl acetate units lower interfacial tension between the polyethylene backbone and the mineral filler surface. In a commercial compounding line, the polymer is fed into the main hopper of a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 52:1. The mineral filler is introduced through a side-stuffer at barrel section 6. A two-stage screw configuration with kneading blocks at barrel sections 5–7 disperses filler while maintaining melt temperature at 175–185 °C. The maximum barrel setting is limited to 190 °C. Alumina trihydrate begins endothermic dehydration near 190–200 °C. Released water produces surface porosity and die pressure instability. A typical formulation uses 100 phr EVA 28150, 160 phr alumina trihydrate, 20 phr magnesium dihydroxide, 1.0 phr vinyl silane coupling agent, 0.5 phr antioxidant, and 0.8 phr processing aid. Tensile strength measured on 2 mm compression-molded plaques per ISO 527-2/1B is not less than 10.5 MPa after peroxide crosslinking. Elongation at break remains above 150%. Oxygen index of the fully formulated compound reaches 29–32% by ISO 4589-2. Acid gas emission is evaluated per IEC 60754-2. The pH remains above 4.3 and conductivity remains below 10 µS/mm. Smoke density per IEC 61034-2 remains below 150. The compound is strand-pelletized with a water bath at 30–40 °C. Residual pellet moisture must be below 0.1% before packaging. On injection molding lines for cable connectors, clamp force of 80–100 t is used for 4–8 cavity molds. Melt temperature is 190 °C. Mold temperature is 25–35 °C. Flow length-to-wall thickness ratios above 120:1 require gate diameters of at least 1.5 mm. The main incompatibility is with halogenated flame retardants. Brominated additives defeat the RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU Annex II restrictions for electrical and electronic equipment. The finished jacketing also supports IEC 60332-1-2 single-wire flame propagation tests.
| ATH/MDH ratio (phr/phr) | Oxygen index per ISO 4589-2 (%) | Tensile strength per ISO 527-2/1B (MPa) | Elongation at break (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 140/20 | 29 | 11.5 | 180 |
| 160/20 | 31 | 10.8 | 160 |
| 180/20 | 32 | 9.7 | 145 |
Slot-die photovoltaic encapsulant lines operating with LG EVA 28150 at 0.50 mm gauge require melt temperature control within ±2 °C across the die width. The 28 wt% vinyl acetate content provides glass and backsheet adhesion after vacuum lamination. A typical encapsulant sheet compound starts with 100 phr EVA 28150, 0.6–1.0 phr organic peroxide, 0.3–0.5 phr vinyl silane adhesion promoter, 0.05–0.15 phr UV absorber, and 0.05–0.15 phr hindered amine light stabilizer. Extrusion is run on a single-screw extruder with L/D 30:1 and screw diameter 90 mm. A coat-hanger slot die of 1.8–2.4 m width feeds a polished chill roll stack. Chill roll temperatures are held at 10–18 °C. Low chill roll temperatures reduce crystallinity and maintain optical clarity. The die melt temperature is controlled at 95–105 °C. Higher melt temperature shortens scorch time and creates gel particles in the cured module. Cure is completed at 145–155 °C for 15–18 min under vacuum lamination. Cured gel content measured by xylene reflux extraction for 8 h is maintained at 75–85%. Light transmittance after lamination with low-iron glass is measured per ASTM D1003 and remains above 91%. Damp heat exposure at 85 °C and 85% RH for 1000 h is evaluated under IEC 61215-1 module qualification sequences. Sheet storage is limited to 5–25 °C and below 50% RH. Storage above 30 °C reduces peroxide active oxygen and shifts cure kinetics. The terminal product is a photovoltaic module encapsulant sheet used in crystalline silicon module lamination.
Because the VA comonomer content of 28 wt% increases polarity, EVA 28150 functions as a carrier resin for carbon black loadings of 30–50 wt%. Dispersion is performed in a tangential internal mixer with a fill factor of 0.75–0.85 or on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1. The mixer temperature for carbon black is held at 150–180 °C. Organic pigment masterbatches are processed at 130–150 °C. Higher temperatures degrade heat-sensitive organic red and phthalocyanine blue pigments. The resulting ΔE shift exceeds 2.0. A 40 wt% carbon black masterbatch based on EVA 28150 typically attains a melt flow index of 3–8 g/10 min at 190 °C/2.16 kg when tested per ASTM D1238. Water-ring pelletizing is used after extrusion. Pellets are dried to below 0.08% moisture before packaging. End uses include LLDPE blown film tinting and injection molded polyolefin parts. At 5 wt% addition to LLDPE, the carrier resin can reduce film modulus by up to 10%. This trade-off must be evaluated against pigment dispersion quality. Because EVA is an olefin polymer, food-contact use in colored packaging requires the masterbatch to meet 21 CFR 177.1350 for ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and EU Regulation 10/2011 when placed on the EU market. The finished masterbatch is not recommended for use in polyacetal or PVC compounds due to matrix incompatibility.
On three-layer blown film lines, EVA 28150 is placed in the sealant skin to lower seal initiation temperature. The seal initiation temperature is 70–75 °C at a seal pressure of 0.4 MPa and dwell time of 0.5 s. The material is extruded on a 55 mm single-screw extruder with a barrier screw and grooved feed section. Melt temperature is maintained at 180–200 °C. The die gap is 1.8–2.2 mm. The blow-up ratio is 2.0–2.5. Frost line height is kept at 6–8 die diameters to stabilize bubble geometry. The sealant skin thickness is 10–25% of total film gauge. Hot tack after 0.1 s cooling is measured per ASTM F1921. Seal strength is tested per ASTM F88/F88M. Terminal products include medical device pouches and aseptic packaging liners. These structures require low sealing temperatures to protect heat-sensitive fillings. The finished food-contact film must comply with 21 CFR 177.1350 and EU Regulation 10/2011. The material is not specified for high-acid hot-fill above 85 °C. Under those conditions vinyl acetate hydrolysis can generate acetic acid and change organoleptic performance.
Production trials on 75-mm co-rotating twin-screw extruders with L/D 44:1 show that EVA 28150 can act as an impact modifier and filler carrier in filled elastomer sheet compounds. A typical starting recipe uses 70 phr EVA 28150, 30 phr polypropylene random copolymer, 40 phr calcium carbonate, and 5 phr hydrocarbon oil. The compound is processed with melt temperature at 185–200 °C. Screw speed is 250–350 rpm. Specific energy input is 0.18–0.22 kWh/kg. The extruded mass is calendered at 140–160 °C to thicknesses of 0.5–1.5 mm. Tensile strength is measured per ISO 527-3 at 150 mm/min. Tear strength is measured per ASTM D624 Type C. At calcium carbonate loadings above 40 phr, tear strength can drop by more than 15%. This occurs because the mineral filler dilutes tie chains between vinyl acetate-rich domains and the polypropylene phase. The compound is used in automotive interior trim and vibration damping sheets where low-temperature flexibility and filler capacity are required. Flammability is evaluated per FMVSS 302. Migration of processing oil is tested by heat ageing at 90 °C for 7 days per ISO 188. Oil migration above 3 mg/cm² indicates an overfilled compound. The main incompatibility is with unmodified polystyrene-rich compounds. Phase separation reduces tear strength below acceptable automotive specifications.
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LG EVA 28150 is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer supplied as free-flowing pellets for hot-melt adhesive compounding, wax modification, and polyolefin blend adjustment. The product designation is commonly parsed as 28 wt% vinyl acetate comonomer and 150 g/10 min melt flow rate, measured under ASTM D1238 or ISO 1133-1:2022 at 190 °C with 2.16 kg load. The vinyl acetate content is expressed on a weight basis rather than a mole basis; a 28 wt% acetate level corresponds to a lower mole fraction of comonomer and therefore produces a specific combination of crystalline disruption, melt rheology, and surface polarity. The copolymer is intended for low-to-moderate-temperature melt processing and is not positioned as a load-bearing structural grade. Major application areas include packaging hot melts, bookbinding adhesives, adhesive sticks, wax-based coating modification, and selected polyolefin compatibilisation. Because this product combines high vinyl acetate content with a high melt flow index, it differs substantially from low-vinyl-acetate extrusion grades in modulus, melting point, thermal stability, and substrate wetting behaviour.
The following table presents class-typical physical property ranges for high-vinyl-acetate EVA copolymers with nominal melt flow rates near 150 g/10 min. These values are drawn from public polymer reference data and typical supplier technical literature for this product class; they are not a guaranteed release specification. Exact values for LG EVA 28150 must be taken from the manufacturer’s certificate of analysis and current product datasheet.
| Parameter | Class-typical range | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl acetate content | 27.0–29.0 wt% | Internal Fourier transform infrared or saponification method |
| Melt flow rate | 130–180 g/10 min | ASTM D1238, 190 °C/2.16 kg |
| Density | 0.945–0.957 g/cm³ | ASTM D1505 or ISO 1183-1 |
| Shore A hardness | 70–82 | ASTM D2240 |
| Peak melting point | 68–82 °C | ISO 11357-3 |
| Tensile strength at break | 3.5–7.0 MPa | ISO 527-2, 500 mm/min |
| Elongation at break | 700–900% | ISO 527-2 |
| Vicat softening temperature | 40–60 °C | ASTM D1525, Method A 10 N |
At 28 wt% vinyl acetate, the polyethylene crystal lattice is disrupted to such an extent that the melting endotherm is broad and shifted down to between 68 °C and 82 °C under ISO 11357-3. The degree of crystallinity inferred from melt enthalpy is frequently only 15–25%, compared with 35–50% for low-density polyethylene. This reduction in crystallinity lowers the modulus, yield point, and heat seal initiation temperature, while increasing optical clarity, flexibility, and the diffusion coefficient of gases and moisture. For the compounder, heating the material above 90–100 °C is usually sufficient to obtain a low-viscosity melt that can wet paper, aluminium, and corona-treated polyester; for LDPE, comparable melt wetting requires a considerably higher temperature. The product is therefore used where low-temperature application and rapid surface coverage are more important than creep resistance or load-bearing capacity.
The principal difference is a shift from semicrystalline rigidity to amorphous rubber-like behaviour. A low-vinyl-acetate EVA with 18 wt% comonomer retains a tensile modulus in the region of 40–70 MPa under ISO 527-2, whereas the 28 wt% high-melt-flow product typically falls below 20 MPa. The higher vinyl acetate content also increases the copolymer density to 0.945–0.957 g/cm³, raises the permeability to oxygen and water vapour, and reduces resistance to hydrocarbon oils. In hot-melt adhesives, these changes are directionally favourable for adhesion to polar substrates because the vinyl acetate carbonyl groups interact with hydroxy and ester functionality present in paper, rosin esters, and corona-treated films. In moulded or extruded parts, however, the same changes reduce temperature resistance and increase the risk of surface tackiness at ambient temperature.
| Basis of comparison | Low-VA EVA, 18 wt% VA, 35 g/10 min | LG EVA 28150 class profile, 28 wt% VA, 150 g/10 min | LDPE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crystalline melting peak | 84–92 °C | 68–82 °C | 105–115 °C |
| Tensile modulus | 40–70 MPa | 5–20 MPa | 200–400 MPa |
| Shore hardness | 88–92 A | 70–82 A | 45–55 D |
| Melt flow rate | 25–40 g/10 min | 130–180 g/10 min | 0.5–5 g/10 min |
| Thermal degradation onset | Higher | Lower, with acetic acid release | Higher |
| Adhesion to polar substrates | Moderate | Higher | Low |
In compounding practice, the difference in melt flow rate is often more important than the difference in vinyl acetate content alone. The high melt flow rate of LG EVA 28150 allows it to be incorporated into a heated mixer at relatively low torque and to distribute itself around wax and tackifier particles quickly. However, this same low viscosity reduces the ability of the melt to build pressure in a single-screw extruder or to form a stable bubble in blown-film extrusion. Production experience on a 40:1 L/D co-rotating twin-screw extruder at screw speeds of 200–300 rpm shows that the material melts early in the screw and can be conveyed with low specific mechanical energy input; the limiting factor is not plastication but the need to keep the melt temperature below the deacetylation threshold. In open mixer operations, the product can adhere to cold metal surfaces if condensation is present, and cleaning cycles with warm solvent or polymer purging are often required.
The most severe processing limitation is thermal deacetylation of the vinyl acetate units. Under inert gas, thermogravimetric analysis of high-vinyl-acetate EVA at a heating rate of 10 °C/min generally shows initial mass loss between 220 °C and 250 °C, but in melt processing the practical ceiling is lower because shear and dissolved oxygen accelerate degradation. At melt temperatures above 200 °C, acetic acid is evolved as a gas and the melt becomes acidic. This causes a characteristic pungent odour, gel formation, discoloration from light amber to brown, and pressure fluctuation at the die. Stainless steel construction is recommended for mixing tanks, vent lines, and condensation traps because the acidic condensate corrodes carbon steel. The most reliable processing window on continuous compounding lines is 150–180 °C at the melt thermocouple, with atmospheric venting before vacuum devolatilisation at −0.06 MPa to −0.08 MPa gauge. Pre-drying is necessary at 70–80 °C for 2–4 h when pellets have been stored at relative humidity above 60%. Dried moisture content should be below 0.05 wt% as measured by Karl Fischer titration before feeding to a melt pump or extruder.
The high vinyl acetate content also means that the polymer should not be mixed with strongly acidic additives, certain Lewis acids, or materials that release free radicals at melt temperature, because these accelerate deacetylation and gel formation. The product is unlikely to be adequately stabilised for repeated high-temperature regrind cycles; regrind addition should be limited to 10–20 wt% unless thermal stability trials demonstrate otherwise. Long residence times above 180 °C, even with a nitrogen blanket, shift the molecular weight distribution and increase the amount of acetic acid trapped in the melt. Vacuum venting and wiped-film devolatilisation are preferred when low-volatile adhesive compounds are specified.
A melt flow rate of 150 g/10 min places this material in the low-viscosity region of EVA grades. In hot-melt adhesive compounding, the final application viscosity at 180 °C is usually adjusted with wax and tackifier to between 500 mPa·s and 5,000 mPa·s as measured by ASTM D3236. The EVA contributes to cohesive strength and substrate adhesion, but its low molecular weight means that it cannot provide high peel strength at elevated temperatures. For packaging adhesives, opening time and set speed are controlled by the wax phase and by the crystallisation rate of the formulation; the EVA mainly provides flexibility, shock resistance, and adhesion to paper and board. In bookbinding, the product can be formulated into side-glue and spine-glue systems where moderate open time and good flexibility at low temperature are required. In adhesive sticks, the high melt flow permits a smooth application but requires sufficient wax content to avoid tackiness at room temperature.
The same rheological character limits other conversion routes. The melt strength is too low for blown-film extrusion; attempts to run the pure product on a conventional film tower generally produce bubble instability above linear speeds of 5–10 m/min. In flat-die coating, the low viscosity can allow wetting on lightweight substrates, but edge neck-in and die drool increase unless the die gap is kept below 200–300 μm and the air gap is minimised. Injection moulding is technically possible but seldom used because the product is too soft for structural parts; when used as an impact modifier or adhesion promoter in polyolefin compounds, addition levels of 5–15 wt% are more typical. Above 20 wt%, the final compound may lose heat deflection temperature and may require reformulation of the stabiliser package to account for the EVA phase.
Regulatory compliance must be assessed on the finished article rather than on the base polymer alone. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers may fall under 21 CFR 177.1350 in food-contact applications, subject to the end-use temperature and food-type limitations in the regulation. In Europe, plastic food-contact materials are controlled under Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011; the specific migration of vinyl acetate and the overall migration of the finished material must be measured. The base resin is outside the scope of RoHS 2011/65/EU restrictions, but the final compound may include additives that are restricted, such as certain phthalates or heat stabilisers. Thermal decomposition products of the copolymer include acetic acid and carbon monoxide; local exhaust ventilation is required in melt processing, and occupational exposure limits for acetic acid should be verified for the production area. If replacing a lower-VA EVA with LG EVA 28150 in an existing hot-melt formulation, the wax content often must be reduced by 3–8 wt% to maintain equivalent melt viscosity, and the tackifier may need to be shifted toward a lower softening point to avoid phase separation. These adjustments are formulation-specific and must be confirmed by pilot-scale coating trials on the actual substrate line.
