| HS Code | 665532 |
| Vinyl Acetate Content | 28 wt% |
| Melt Index | 400 g/10 min (190°C, 2.16 kg) |
| Density | 0.945 g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 72°C |
| Vicat Softening Point | 40°C |
| Ring And Ball Softening Point | 90°C |
| Tensile Strength At Break | 3.5 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 800% |
| Hardness Shore A | 78 |
| Hardness Shore D | 30 |
| Brittleness Temperature | -70°C |
| Volume Resistivity | 1×10^15 Ω·cm |
| Dielectric Constant | 2.8 |
| Water Absorption | 0.1% |
As an accredited LG EVA 28400 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | LG EVA 28400 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer is supplied in 25 kg multi-layer paper bags with moisture-barrier liner, palletized. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Loaded in a 20-foot FCL container, LG EVA 28400 ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer in 25 kg bags, palletized and kept dry. |
| Shipping | LG EVA 28400 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer is shipped as solid pellets in 25 kg bags or jumbo bags. It is not classified as dangerous goods. Keep packaging dry, avoid direct sunlight, heat, and moisture, and store in a cool, ventilated area away from ignition sources. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, flames, and strong oxidizers. Keep containers tightly closed in original packaging to prevent moisture and contamination. Avoid prolonged high-temperature or UV exposure. Maintain good housekeeping, control dust, keep storage clean and labeled, use first-in, first-out rotation, and follow the SDS and local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | Typically 24 months from date of manufacture when stored in original, unopened packaging under dry, cool conditions. |
On high-speed corrugated box lines using piston-pump hot-melt applicators operating at 40–80 cases/min, LG EVA 28400 functions as the elastomeric backbone of case-sealing adhesives. The grade carries a nominal vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% determined by FTIR per ASTM D5594 and a melt flow index of 400 g/10 min at 190°C under 2.16 kg load per ASTM D1238. Formulation windows in this downstream sector commonly combine 25–35 wt% LG EVA 28400, 40–55 wt% partially hydrogenated C9 hydrocarbon tackifying resin, 15–25 wt% microcrystalline wax, and 0.5–1.0 phr phenolic antioxidant. The adhesive is melted in heated ram or gear-pump tanks at 150–170°C and transferred through heated hoses to slot nozzles or spiral spray heads maintained at 150–160°C. Viscosity measured at 160°C per ASTM D3236 is typically adjusted to 800–1,200 mPa·s; this window prevents pump cavitation while avoiding excessive bleed-through on uncoated kraft linerboard. Because vinyl acetate comonomer units introduce polar ester functionality, the copolymer wets cellulose and mineral-filled substrates more effectively than low-VA grades. However, the high melt index also lowers melt strength, so line operators trim nozzle temperature rather than extending open time through viscosity depressants. The finished adhesive bonds corrugated shippers, wraparound cartons, and tray-form structures. For food-packaging end uses, the formulated adhesive is qualified under FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and EU Regulation (EC) No 1935/2004 for indirect contact, provided migration testing confirms non-detectable transfer under end-use conditions.
Paraffin wax saturating towers producing corrugated slip sheets and food-contact interleavers operate with wax phases that must transit from molten application at 110–130°C to flexible solid film without cracking at 0–5°C storage. Polymer modification of slack wax or fully refined paraffin wax with 2–8 wt% LG EVA 28400 raises the ring-and-ball softening point from roughly 52–60°C to 65–75°C when tested per ASTM D36. The 28 wt% vinyl acetate content provides sufficient polarity to stabilize the dispersed polymer phase in non-polar paraffin, reducing gross phase separation observed with lower-VA copolymers. In a jacketed turbine mixer with wall temperature 120–130°C, pellets are added after the wax reaches a clear melt, and shear is maintained at 300–500 rpm until optical clarity is stable. The modified wax is then applied through an air-knife or roll coater to 30–60 g/m² paper at line speeds up to 150 m/min. Water resistance is verified by TAPPI T441 Cobb tests, typically requiring ≤ 20 g/m² after 60 s contact. For food-contact paper, the wax compound is evaluated under FDA 21 CFR 176.170 for paper in contact with aqueous and fatty foods and 21 CFR 176.180 for dry food, with the EVA component covered as a polymer modifier in the wax phase. Terminal products include waxed corrugated slip sheets used in refrigerated transport and retail meat interleavers.
At 8,000–15,000 cycles/h, high-speed perfect binders producing softcover books and catalogs require a spine glue that penetrates folded signatures without bleeding through the cover stock. LG EVA 28400 is compounded into hot-melt bookbinding adhesives at 30–38 wt% with 35–45 wt% rosin ester tackifier, 10–20 wt% synthetic paraffin wax, and 5–15 wt% calcium carbonate filler. The filler content is adjusted to control penetration into uncoated paper and to raise the solidification point of the adhesive on the binder wheel. Melt pots are held at 150–165°C; the adhesive is applied by a wheel applicator or nozzle at 0.3–0.8 mm spine thickness depending on book block width. Viscosity is monitored per ASTM D3236 and maintained between 1,000 mPa·s and 1,800 mPa·s at 160°C. Because the melt index of the EVA is 400 g/10 min, formulations exhibit short set times suited to high-speed clamping but may produce adhesive stringing when tank temperatures exceed 170°C; viscosity-stable operation therefore favors lower-temperature application and higher tackifier load. Page-pull strength is assessed per ISO 18770 or similar mechanical binding test methods, with targets of at least 4.0 N/cm spine width after conditioning at 23°C and 50% RH. Compliance for school and library bindings often references ANSI/NISO/LBI Z39.78 or purchaser-specific mechanical performance thresholds. The terminal product is the flexible spine bond in paperback and short-run hardcover books.
| Application | Regulatory reference | Primary test method | Typical target |
|---|---|---|---|
| Case-sealing hot melts | FDA 21 CFR 175.105 | ASTM D3236 | 800–1,200 mPa·s at 160°C |
| Paraffin wax saturating | FDA 21 CFR 176.170 | TAPPI T441 | ≤ 20 g/m² Cobb at 60 s |
| Bookbinding spine | ANSI/NISO/LBI Z39.78 | ISO 18770 | ≥ 4.0 N/cm spine width |
| Bituminous roofing membrane | ASTM D5147 | ASTM D36, ASTM D5 | 105–115°C R&B and 25–35 dmm penetration |
| Color masterbatch carrier | EU REACH, EU RoHS 2011/65/EU | EN 13900-5 | ≤ 0.4 MPa filter pressure value on 14 µm screen |
| Thermoplastic road marking | AASHTO M249, EN 1871 | ASTM D36, ASTM E1710 | 92–105°C softening point |
In self-adhesive and torch-applied bituminous roofing membranes, the addition of 4–10 wt% LG EVA 28400 to oxidized bitumen at 150–180°C in a high-shear rotor-stator disperser raises the softening point and reduces needle penetration. The bitumen phase is first heated until viscosity measured per ASTM D4402 at 160°C drops below 1,000 mPa·s. EVA pellets are then introduced gradually with rotor tip speeds maintained above 15 m/s to prevent the formation of polymer-rich lumps. The resulting compound is characterized by ring-and-ball softening point per ASTM D36, penetration at 25°C per ASTM D5, and cold flex per ASTM D5147. Typical target ranges for membrane-grade compounds lie at 105–115°C softening point and 25–35 dmm penetration, versus 85–95°C and 40–50 dmm for unmodified oxidized bitumen. The terminal sheet is produced on a calendering line where the modified bitumen coats a polyester or glass-fiber carrier at 120–140°C; finished membranes are evaluated for dimensional stability under ASTM D5147 and for low-temperature flexibility at −10°C. The high melt index of LG EVA 28400 is advantageous for wetting mineral stabilizers but also narrows the processing window: above 190°C, acetic acid elimination from the vinyl acetate segments accelerates and can raise the acid number of the compound per ASTM D974. Published comparative data for this specific EVA 28/400 grade in torch-applied membrane systems is limited; formulators generally validate batch consistency through penetration and softening point curves rather than relying on vendor-extrapolated values.
Co-rotating twin-screw extruders with L/D 40:1 and side feeders are used to compound additive masterbatches in which LG EVA 28400 serves as the carrier polymer. A representative carbon black masterbatch formulation is 50–60 wt% carbon black N330, 20–30 wt% LG EVA 28400, 10–20 wt% polyethylene wax, and 1–3 wt% processing stabilizer. Barrel temperatures are set between 120°C and 140°C to avoid melting the wax prematurely while ensuring complete softening of the EVA; the melt temperature at the die typically remains below 160°C. Because the EVA has a melt flow index of 400 g/10 min per ASTM D1238, its low melt viscosity aids pigment deagglomeration but limits pressure generation, so the screw profile is configured with high mixing elements and a vacuum port at −0.08 MPa to strip volatiles. Dispersion quality is monitored by pressure-rise filter testing per EN 13900-5 using a 14 µm screen pack, with an acceptable filter pressure value typically below 0.4 MPa. The vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% contributes polar interactions that wet oxidized carbon black surfaces and improve pigment dispersion stability in polyolefin dilution. Compliance for polyolefin masterbatches is typically documented under EU REACH registration obligations and EU RoHS 2011/65/EU for heavy-metal restrictions. The terminal products are carbon black masterbatches used in agricultural films, geomembranes, and injection molded industrial containers.
For cold-climate contracts, hot-applied thermoplastic road marking compounds require a binder that remains extrudable at 200–210°C while retaining a softening point above 90°C after application. LG EVA 28400 is metered into the agitated melt reactor at 1.5–4 wt%, together with 15–25 wt% C5 hydrocarbon resin, 5–10 wt% plasticizer, 20–30 wt% titanium dioxide, 30–40 wt% glass beads, and 0.5–1.5 wt% anti-settling agent. Mixing continues at 180–200°C until the compound passes a glass bead suspension test; discharge occurs through a road marking machine extrusion screed at 200–210°C onto asphalt or concrete. The polymer reduces melt viscosity without lowering the ring-and-ball softening point below specification, which is typically 92–105°C per ASTM D36. Viscosity at 200°C is monitored per ASTM D4402 and maintained between 2,000 mPa·s and 4,000 mPa·s. Retroreflectivity after glass bead drop-on is assessed under ASTM E1710 for dry conditions. Regulatory compliance for solvent-free hot-applied markings references AASHTO M249 for white and yellow materials and EN 1871 for European contracts. The terminal product is a cold-weather road marking line with improved aggregate retention and reduced cracking compared with unmodified hydrocarbon resin binders.
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LG EVA 28400 is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer supplied as translucent pellets and classed within the high-vinyl-acetate, high-melt-flow segment of EVA copolymers. The numerical grade designation corresponds to a nominal vinyl acetate content of 28 wt% and a nominal melt mass-flow rate of 400 g/10 min at 190 °C/2.16 kg when measured according to ISO 1133-1:2022 or ASTM D1238. Density is typically 0.950 g/cm³ at 23 °C under ISO 1183-1:2019. Unlike lower-melt-flow EVA grades used in photovoltaic encapsulant film, such as those with MFR values in the 2 g/10 min to 30 g/10 min range, the high MFR of LG EVA 28400 restricts its main use to hot-melt adhesive compounding, wax modification, and polymer processing-aid applications where low melt viscosity and rapid substrate wetting are required. The high vinyl acetate content contributes polar ester groups that improve adhesion to paper, cellulosic board, coated paper, and some metals, but it also lowers tensile strength, hardness, and melting point relative to lower-VA grades.
The following typical values are based on the manufacturer’s published grade data and are not intended as lot-release specification limits. Lot-specific certificates of analysis should be requested for production qualification.
| Property | Typical value | Test condition / method |
|---|---|---|
| Vinyl acetate content | 28 wt% | FTIR calibration; ASTM D5594 |
| Melt mass-flow rate | 400 g/10 min | 190 °C, 2.16 kg; ISO 1133-1:2022 / ASTM D1238 |
| Density | 0.950 g/cm³ | 23 °C; ISO 1183-1:2019 / ASTM D1505 |
| Melting point | 68 °C | DSC; ISO 3146 / ASTM D3418 |
| Vicat softening temperature | 36 °C | A50; ISO 306 / ASTM D1525 |
| Hardness | 72 Shore A | ISO 868 / ASTM D2240 |
| Tensile strength at break | 5.5 MPa | ISO 527-2 / ASTM D638 |
| Elongation at break | 800% | ISO 527-2 / ASTM D638 |
Because this grade has a melt mass-flow rate of 400 g/10 min, melt viscosity at 190 °C is low enough to be processed on hot-melt adhesive lines, but the resin does not possess the melt strength required for blown film or cast film extrusion. Vinyl acetate content should be confirmed by FTIR after long-term warehouse storage above 30 °C, because surface oxidation can alter carbonyl absorption intensity.
On production-scale adhesive compounding lines, LG EVA 28400 is typically melt-blended in a twin-screw extruder with an L/D ratio of 36:1 to 48:1 and a barrel-temperature profile of 90 °C to 150 °C. The low melt viscosity reduces motor torque relative to lower-MFR EVA grades; however, feed-throat flood can occur when screw speed exceeds the bulk-density delivery capacity of the pellet. On a 75 mm twin-screw compounder running at 450 rpm, the resin is generally starve-fed rather than flood-fed to prevent low-bulk-density pellet bridging. Single-screw extruders are adequate only when the resin is preblended with a molten tackifier or wax; direct addition of solid tackifier pastilles to a single-screw hopper can cause phase separation and melt-pressure fluctuation.
Melt temperature measured at the die should remain below 180 °C for neutral-colored hot-melt formulations. If titanium dioxide or calcium carbonate fillers are incorporated above 10 wt%, a dispersive mixing section is required because the high-MFR resin can otherwise channel and leave filler agglomerates. Screw torque and melt temperature should be recorded continuously; a sustained melt-temperature rise of more than 5 °C at constant screw speed usually indicates filler wall slip or a partially blocked screen pack. A nitrogen blanket over the feed hopper is not normally required, but pellets stored below 15 °C and then transferred into a warm compounding area can develop surface condensation. If condensation occurs, pellets should be dried at 60 °C for 2 h to 4 h before processing above 150 °C to prevent steam bubbles in continuous mixing.
Thermal stability is controlled by the vinyl acetate sequences rather than the polyethylene backbone. At melt temperatures above 180 °C, EVA undergoes progressive deacetylation with liberation of acetic acid. The degradation rate is autocatalytic in the presence of moisture and is accelerated by residual acidic components. Production lines should be designed to vent acetic acid vapor away from operator stations; carbon steel surfaces should be kept above the dew point to minimize stress-corrosion risk. Long residence times above 200 °C produce yellowing and a detectable acid odor in the finished adhesive.
Melt-flow-rate shift is a practical control measure. The virgin MFR of 400 g/10 min should be rechecked after compounding. A measured MFR increase of more than 15% from 400 g/10 min indicates chain scission; a decrease below 340 g/10 min can indicate crosslinking or incomplete mixing with high-viscosity tackifiers. Neither condition should be accepted without review of barrel-temperature settings and screw profile.
Processing with antioxidants is normally required at 0.1 wt% to 0.3 wt% of a hindered phenolic stabilizer, but the stabilizer package must be selected for high-MFR EVA. Phosphite-only stabilizer systems are less effective during prolonged hot-melt storage because they do not trap acetic acid. The resin should not be purged with polypropylene or high-density polyethylene; a polyethylene purge with melt index below 20 g/10 min may be used only if the system is subsequently flushed with a low-viscosity polyethylene wax.
At 28 wt% vinyl acetate, the copolymer exhibits greater polarity than EVA grades with 18 wt% or 21 wt% VA. This polarity increases adhesion to polar substrates such as paper, wood, aluminum, and corona-treated films. In hot-melt adhesives, the peel strength measured by ASTM D1876 for bonded aluminum foil/cardboard laminates generally increases when a lower-VA EVA is replaced by LG EVA 28400 at equal resin loading. The improvement is more pronounced at low application temperature, between 120 °C and 150 °C, where lower-VA grades may not fully wet porous surfaces.
The tradeoff is mechanical and thermal. Compared with an EVA grade containing 18 wt% VA and a similar melt flow rate, LG EVA 28400 has a lower melting point, lower tensile strength, lower hardness, and higher elongation at break. It should therefore be selected for stress-dissipating bonds rather than load-bearing structural joints. When a formulation already meets peel targets, increasing VA content to 28 wt% may reduce heat resistance and increase creep under constant load at 50 °C; long-term bond performance should be screened by ASTM D4498 for hot-melt adhesive shear resistance or by a dead-load creep test at the intended service temperature.
Low-temperature flexibility is improved relative to lower-VA grades; however, published data for this specific grade’s glass transition temperature is limited, and end-use flexibility should be measured by ISO 527-2 elongation at the target temperature rather than inferred from VA content alone.
In hot-melt adhesive production, LG EVA 28400 is compounded with tackifier resins at EVA-to-tackifier ratios from 30:70 to 50:50 and paraffin or microcrystalline wax at 10 wt% to 30 wt%. Brookfield viscosity at 180 °C measured according to ASTM D3236 typically remains below 1000 mPa·s for a 35 wt% EVA / 40 wt% tackifier / 25 wt% wax formulation; the exact value depends on tackifier chemistry and wax melt point. Open time and set time are governed by wax crystallization rather than EVA molecular weight. For case and carton sealing, initial fiber tear at −20 °C should be evaluated with ASTM D903 or ISO 11339 peel methods.
For wax modification, addition of 5 wt% to 15 wt% LG EVA 28400 to paraffin wax raises viscosity, increases flexibility, and reduces brittleness of wax coatings. The high MFR permits dispersion with a low-shear mixer at 120 °C to 140 °C; higher shear is not necessary unless filler is present. The addition also lowers the wax blocking point; blocking should be tested by ASTM D4946 or an equivalent method before specifying the coating. In polymer compounding, the grade functions as an external impact modifier and processing aid for rigid thermoplastics, but at loadings above 20 wt% it reduces heat deflection temperature and tensile modulus. Formulators should verify compatibility with the base resin before scale-up. Published data for this specific grade in polyolefin impact modification is limited; pilot twin-screw trials are recommended.
As an unformulated ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, LG EVA 28400 may fall within the scope of 21 CFR 177.1350 for food-contact articles, provided the finished article meets overall migration and extractives limitations. Compliance of the final hot-melt adhesive must be assessed by the converter because tackifiers, waxes, and stabilizers can alter migration behavior. Grade-specific RoHS testing is not applicable to the neat polymer; if flame-retardant additives are introduced, the formulated material must be reassessed under the RoHS directive. Under REACH, the downstream user is responsible for verifying uses against the supplier’s safety data sheet and exposure scenarios. The resin should not be stored in open containers at relative humidity above 60% for more than 24 h if surface condensation is visible. Avoid combination with strong acids, strong bases, or oxidizing agents that can hydrolyze ester groups or accelerate deacetylation during processing.
