| HS Code | 718219 |
| Brand | GOHSENX |
| Model | LW-100 |
| Product Type | Self-Leveling Laser Level |
| Laser Color | Green |
| Wavelength | 532nm |
| Laser Class | Class IIIa |
| Accuracy | ±1/9 inch at 33ft |
| Self Leveling Range | ±4 degrees |
| Working Range | up to 100ft with receiver |
| Power Source | Rechargeable lithium battery |
| Battery Life | 8 hours |
| Dust Water Resistance | IP54 |
| Mounting Thread | 1/4 inch |
| Material | Aluminum alloy and ABS plastic |
| Weight | 2.0 kg |
As an accredited GOHSENX LW-100 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | GOHSENX LW-100 is supplied as a white powder in 25 kg multi-layer paper bags with polyethylene liner. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | GOHSENX LW-100 shipped in a 20′ FCL, securely packed on pallets, protected from moisture, contamination, and damage. |
| Shipping | GOHSENX LW-100 is a polyvinyl alcohol resin shipped as non-hazardous powder. Protect from moisture, humidity, and direct sunlight. Use sealed, dry packaging and avoid extreme temperatures. Standard freight is suitable, but keep cargo ventilated and secure to prevent bag damage during transit. |
| Storage | Store GOHSENX LW-100 in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Protect from moisture and humidity, as the material may absorb water. Keep incompatible oxidizing agents separated. Avoid prolonged storage under extreme temperatures. After each use, reseal immediately to maintain product quality and stability. |
| Shelf Life | Store in a cool, dry place. Shelf life is typically 24 months from the date of manufacture. |
GOHSENX LW-100 is a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol grade with a nominal 4 wt% aqueous solution viscosity of 10.0–14.0 mPa·s at 20°C and a degree of hydrolysis of 73.0–77.0 mol%, with ash content not exceeding 0.5 wt%. The grade functions as a sole protective colloid in vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) emulsion polymerization when the reactor operates at 60–80°C and 4.0–6.0 MPa ethylene partial pressure. The material is pre-dissolved in deionized water at 80–90°C for 60–90 min to yield a 10–12 wt% stock solution, cooled to 40–50°C, and then charged into a jacketed stainless-steel reactor equipped with an anchor impeller at 80–120 rpm. A redox initiator system based on potassium persulfate and sodium metabisulfite is used, with monomer delay time set at 5–7 h and pH maintained at 4.0–5.5 by a sodium acetate buffer. The addition ratio of GOHSENX LW-100 is 3.0–5.5 wt% on total monomer when used as the sole protective colloid; if a nonionic surfactant is included at 0.5–2.0 wt% on total monomer, the PVOH can be reduced to 2.0–4.0 wt%. Above 6.0 wt% PVOH, the low-shear Brookfield viscosity of the finished dispersion commonly exceeds 8,000 mPa·s and wall coagulum increases on production-scale batch reactors; below 2.0 wt%, the particle size distribution broadens and shear stability deteriorates. Because the grade is hygroscopic, storage at relative humidity above 60% requires pre-drying at 50–60°C for 4–6 h before dissolution to maintain accurate metering. Compliance references include FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for adhesive components, FDA 21 CFR 176.170(c) for paper and paperboard food-contact applications, EU 10/2011 for plastic food-contact migration, REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, ISO 3251:2019 for solids content, and ASTM D2196-20 for rheological characterization. The resulting VAE dispersions are compounded into carpet backing compounds, nonwoven wipes binders, architectural coating binders, paper-laminating adhesives, and wood assembly adhesives.
On rod-metering film presses running 1,200 m/min fine paper grades, the substitution of oxidized starch with a low-viscosity 73–77 mol% hydrolyzed PVOH alters both size-press rheology and final IGT pick resistance. The size liquor is prepared by jet-cooking the starch at 95°C for 30 min, then adding GOHSENX LW-100 as a 10–12 wt% pre-dissolved solution; final size press solids are held at 6–12 wt% and application temperature at 60–70°C. For surface sizing of woodfree and coated base papers, the addition ratio is 10–30 wt% of PVOH on total size solids, corresponding to a dry pickup of 0.3–1.5 g/m² per side. In pigmented coatings, GOHSENX LW-100 is used at 2–6 parts per 100 parts pigment as a co-binder, where the low molecular weight contributes to high-shear fluidity under blade or curtain coating without excessive thickening. The dried web passes through after-size drying cylinders at 90–120°C and is reeled at 5–7% moisture. Incompatibility with borate-containing rheology modifiers must be controlled because borate crosslinking can cause viscosity peaks and gel formation above 0.1 wt% borax in the size mixture. Compliance is verified by ISO 535 for Cobb water absorption, ISO 8791-4 for Parker Print Surf roughness, ISO 3783 for IGT pick resistance, TAPPI T 441 for sizing degree, and FDA 21 CFR 176.170 for paper-based food-contact packaging. Filled and coated grades made from this size formulation enter inkjet printing papers, offset printing grades, packaging linerboard, folding carton board, and thermal base paper.
In vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) suspension polymerization, GOHSENX LW-100 functions as a secondary dispersant to control grain porosity, plasticizer uptake, and bulk density. The polymerization is run in a 70 m³ stainless-steel autoclave with a retreat-blade impeller at 200–400 rpm, water-to-VCM mass ratio 1.1–1.4:1, temperature 54–68°C, and pressure 0.8–1.0 MPa for 5–7 h. The PVOH stock solution is prepared at 5–6 wt% in hot deionized water and charged into the water phase before monomer addition. The addition ratio is 0.02–0.04 parts per 100 parts VCM when GOHSENX LW-100 is the secondary dispersant; the primary dispersant, typically a higher-hydrolysis PVOH or cellulose ether, is dosed at 0.05–0.08 parts per 100 parts VCM, producing a primary/secondary ratio of 1.5:1 to 3:1. At total dispersant levels above 0.12 parts per 100 parts VCM, resin bulk density drops and fines below 50 µm increase; below 0.07 parts, coarse grains above 250 µm and irregular porosity dominate. Temperature control within ±2°C is critical because a shift alters the K-value and plasticizer absorption of the resulting suspension PVC. After conversion of 80–85%, the slurry is stripped to residual VCM below 1 µg/g, dewatered by centrifuge, and dried in a fluidized-bed dryer at 60–70°C. Compliance references and test methods are listed in the matrix below. This resin grade is subsequently formulated for window profiles, pressure pipes, cable insulation compounds, flooring plastisols, and medical-grade tubing compounds.
| Standard / regulation | Clause / method | Measurement endpoint |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM D1755-15 | PVC resin classification | Inherent viscosity and K-value |
| ISO 1628-2 | Determination of K-value | K-value range 57–68 |
| ISO 1265 | Sieving analysis | Grain size distribution |
| REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 | Registration and restriction compliance | Substance authorization status |
| FDA 21 CFR 177.1975 | Vinyl chloride polymer in food contact | Residual VCM and extractives |
Size mix formulation for polyester/cotton blend warps typically enters the size box at 85–90°C and is applied on a slasher running 60–120 m/min. GOHSENX LW-100 is jet-cooked at 110°C and blended with oxidized starch and acrylic size to obtain final size liquor solids content of 10–16 wt%. In a 65/35 polyester/cotton blend warp, the addition ratio is 12–20 wt% PVOH on total size solids, with 4–8 wt% acrylic size and 2–4 wt% lubricant or wax; dry add-on on yarn weight is maintained at 8–12%. The low-viscosity PVOH permits high solids without excessive size-box viscosity, reducing squeezing instability on multi-cylinder dryers at 110–140°C. Shedding control is assessed by stop-frame frequency and abrasion dust measurement on shuttleless looms; excessive add-on above 14% causes brittle size film and hard loom dust, while add-on below 6% reduces single-end strength retention and increases warp breaks. Compliance is referenced to ASTM D2256 for yarn tensile, ISO 2060 for yarn count, ISO 13934-1 for fabric tensile strength, and OEKO-TEX Standard 100 for textile chemical residues. Fabrics woven from these warps are converted into denim, cotton shirting, workwear fabrics, bed linen, and pocketing cloth.
Adhesive preparation for envelope gumming uses GOHSENX LW-100 as a film-forming binder because the 10.0–14.0 mPa·s nominal viscosity at 4 wt% aqueous concentration allows high final solids without pump cavitation in recirculating coating troughs. The grade is added to water at 20–30 wt% and dissolved at 85–90°C, cooled to 50–60°C, and compounded with dextrin, plasticizer, and defoamer. Final adhesive solids are controlled at 25–35 wt%, with PVOH comprising 15–25 wt% of dry adhesive solids. Application is performed on engraved-roller gumming machines at 12–18 g/m² wet coat weight, followed by drying at 80–100°C to a dry film weight of 8–12 g/m². Low dry coat weight reduces sheet blocking in stacks at 50–60% relative humidity, but below 6 g/m² remoistening tack becomes insufficient for automatic mailing equipment. Compliance references include FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for remoistenable adhesive components, FDA 21 CFR 176.170 for incidental food contact through paper, and REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006. The coated paper is converted into envelopes, postage stamps, paper labels, trading cards, and gummed paper tape.
When an 80 wt% alumina slurry is cast onto silicone-coated PET at 0.8–1.2 mm wet thickness, GOHSENX LW-100 serves as a temporary aqueous binder for ceramic tape casting. The grade is pre-dissolved as a 6–8 wt% aqueous solution and added to the milled slurry to achieve 0.5–1.5 wt% binder on dry ceramic powder; the slip is ball-milled for 12–24 h, deaerated under vacuum, and cast at 0.3–1.2 m/min with a doctor blade. Drying at 60–90°C produces green tape with thickness from 50–250 µm; binder burnout uses a ramp of 1°C/min to 500°C with a 2 h hold, followed by sintering. The low ash content of GOHSENX LW-100 is required because residual inorganic matter must remain below 0.5 wt% for dielectric and substrate applications. Additions above 2.0 wt% binder on dry powder tend to increase green tape brittleness and produce carbon residue during burnout; additions below 0.3 wt% yield insufficient green tensile strength for peeling from the carrier. Published data for this specific GOHSENX LW-100 grade in LTCC or MLCC binder systems is limited, so debinding cycles are normally validated on the production line using thermogravimetric analysis with residual ash below 0.5 wt%. Compliance references include ISO 14704 for ceramic flexural strength, ASTM C373-18 for water absorption and apparent porosity, and REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 for chemical registration. Sintered components are supplied as LTCC substrates, MLCC dielectric layers, alumina sensor substrates, and porous ceramic filters.
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GOHSENX LW-100 is a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) grade supplied by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (formerly Nippon Gohsei) within the GOHSENX series. The product is a white to off-white granular solid intended for aqueous dissolution and is classified as a low-viscosity, partially hydrolyzed PVA. The model designation LW-100 identifies a molecular weight and hydrolysis balance that provides interfacial activity at low aqueous viscosity. Primary application contexts include suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride, emulsion polymerization as a protective colloid, temporary binding in ceramic green bodies, and co-binder functions in paper coating formulations. Characterization follows JIS K6726 for polyvinyl alcohol. Representative values published for this product line include a 4 % aqueous solution viscosity at 20 °C of 4.5–5.5 mPa·s, a degree of hydrolysis of 86.5–89.0 mol%, pH in a 4 % aqueous solution of 5.0–7.0, volatile matter not exceeding 5.0 %, and ash not exceeding 0.5 %. These values are normalized to the manufacturer’s certificate of analysis and may vary across production campaigns.
The GOHSENX series is differentiated from unmodified Gohsenol PVA by surface-active character and controlled molecular weight distribution. GOHSENX LW-100 is specifically selected when formulators require low solution viscosity at high solids and when residual acetate groups are required for droplet stabilization. In comparison with high-viscosity grades of the same series, the material has lower solution viscosity and faster dissolution, but produces lower film toughness and higher moisture sensitivity. In comparison with fully hydrolyzed PVA, the grade has higher interfacial activity but lower water resistance and lower tensile strength in the dry state.
Dissolution of the granular product is conducted in deionized water at 80–85 °C for 30 min with an anchor impeller operating at a tip speed of 30–60 m/min. The 4 % solution viscosity of 4.5–5.5 mPa·s at 20 °C places the material in the low-viscosity segment of the PVA product spectrum; by comparison, high-viscosity partially hydrolyzed grades frequently reach 40–50 mPa·s at identical concentration. At solids concentrations below 8–10 % by mass, the solution approaches Newtonian behavior under moderate shear. The residual acetate content associated with 86.5–89.0 mol% hydrolysis reduces interfacial tension against nonpolar liquid phases, which is the mechanistic basis for suspending-agent and protective-colloid functions. Interfacial tension can be quantified with ASTM D1331-14 using a Du Noüy ring; published data for this specific grade under vinyl chloride saturation pressure is limited. Incomplete dissolution produces undissolved gel clusters that persist as localized viscosity inhomogeneity during reactor charging. Production-scale stirred vessels have shown batch-to-batch particle size shifts when the temperature ramping profile exceeds 90 °C or when dry powder is charged directly into cold water.
Emulsion polymerization systems use GOHSENX LW-100 as a protective colloid for vinyl acetate and vinyl acetate-ethylene dispersions. The product is introduced into the aqueous phase before initiation at 2–5 wt% based on total monomer, depending on target solids and particle size. Its low aqueous viscosity permits higher monomer feed rates in a semi-continuous stirred-tank reactor equipped with a pitched-blade turbine. The residual acetate content supports colloidal stability through steric stabilization, but formulations requiring high freeze-thaw stability or low water sensitivity typically incorporate a crosslinker or a secondary nonionic surfactant. Latex stability is assessed by observing coagulation after 24 h at 45 °C and by measuring particle size distribution by dynamic light scattering in accordance with ISO 22412:2017. Transfer from a high-viscosity protective colloid to this grade generally requires adjustment of the addition level based on reactor geometry and comonomer polarity; a universal conversion factor is not applicable.
Primary particle size control in suspension PVC is governed by the balance between interfacial tension reduction and continuous-phase viscosity. GOHSENX LW-100 operates in a region where the degree of hydrolysis is sufficient to reduce the vinyl chloride-water interfacial tension, while the low molecular weight avoids highly viscous continuous phases that inhibit droplet breakage. The residual acetate groups act as hydrophobic anchoring sites that adsorb onto the monomer droplet surface; the hydroxyl segments extend into the aqueous phase and provide steric repulsion. Under high-pressure polymerization at 0.8–1.2 MPa, the partial pressure of vinyl chloride and the aqueous solubility of the PVA interact to shift the optimum addition level. A reactor temperature above 70 °C may decrease the protective layer thickness and raises the probability of droplet coalescence, producing oversized PVC grains and reduced plasticizer uptake. Batch-to-batch control requires filtration of the aqueous solution through a 100 µm screen before charging to remove insoluble particles that seed irregular agglomerates. Particle size distribution after polymerization is typically characterized by laser diffraction according to ISO 13320:2020 and by sieve retention on production screens.
In the production autoclave, GOHSENX LW-100 is typically added at 0.03–0.10 parts per hundred parts monomer in a jacketed stainless-steel vessel with a two-blade paddle impeller operating at 200–300 rpm. The partially hydrolyzed PVA adsorbs at the vinyl chloride-water interface and forms a hydrated steric barrier that limits coalescence during the high-pressure stage at 0.8–1.2 MPa and 50–70 °C. The low aqueous viscosity permits efficient monomer dispersion without increasing impeller torque, but the protective colloid layer is less mechanically robust than that generated by higher-molecular-weight grades. In production lines equipped with torque-monitoring agitators, transition from a high-viscosity PVA to GOHSENX LW-100 reduces peak torque during the initial dispersion phase; the magnitude is dependent on impeller geometry, monomer-to-water ratio, and agitation speed.
In tape casting and spray-dried granulate formulations, GOHSENX LW-100 is used as a temporary organic binder at addition levels of 1.0–2.0 wt% based on ceramic powder. The low aqueous viscosity permits higher solids loading in alumina slurries without exceeding the spindle torque limit on planetary mixers. Dried green bodies prepared with the product should be tested according to ASTM C1161 for flexural strength rather than inferred from ultimate strength. The ash content not exceeding 0.5 % under JIS K6726 is relevant for low-alkali electronic ceramics, where residual sodium or potassium after binder burnout contributes to dielectric loss. Binder burnout is typically conducted in a box furnace with a ramp rate of 1 °C/min to 450 °C under air. Compared with fully hydrolyzed PVA grades, the partially hydrolyzed structure reduces solution viscosity at equal binder solids but also reduces green strength at equal binder concentration and increases equilibrium moisture sensitivity of the green body. This trade-off requires adjustment of plasticizer type, usually polyethylene glycol, at 10–20 % of PVA mass.
The following comparative property matrix distinguishes GOHSENX LW-100 from conventional PVA chemistries used in the same manufacturing environments.
| Property | Test Method | GOHSENX LW-100 | Fully Hydrolyzed Low-Viscosity PVA | High-Viscosity Partially Hydrolyzed PVA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4% aqueous solution viscosity at 20 °C (mPa·s) | JIS K6726 | 4.5–5.5 | 5.0–7.0 | 40.0–50.0 |
| Degree of hydrolysis (mol%) | JIS K6726 | 86.5–89.0 | 98.0–99.0 | 87.0–89.0 |
| Volatile matter (%) | JIS K6726 | ≤5.0 | ≤5.0 | ≤5.0 |
| Ash (%) | JIS K6726 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 | ≤0.5 |
| Dried film water resistance | Qualitative gravimetric water uptake | Moderate | High | Moderate |
| Typical application role | — | Suspending agent, co-binder | Sizing agent, high-strength film | Thickener, high-viscosity stabilizer |
In paper coating colors, GOHSENX LW-100 is incorporated at 0.5–1.5 parts per 100 parts of pigment as a co-binder with carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex. The low-viscosity grade maintains coating color rheology under high shear, which is relevant for blade coaters operating above 1,000 m/min. Water retention, surface strength after calendering, and binder migration during drying are controlled by the hydroxyl density and residual acetate group distribution. Compared with fully hydrolyzed PVA, the partially hydrolyzed grade produces a more open dried film with higher flexibility and slightly lower water resistance. This characteristic is acceptable when a top-coat or size press treatment follows in the same converting line, but is a limitation in high-moisture packaging grades. Coating formulations should be verified by laboratory drawdown using a wire-wound rod and by pilot coating at 500–1,000 m/min before full-scale production. Surface strength after calendering is measured according to ISO 3783 or analogous pick-strength methods.
Relative to conventional Gohsenol grades with equivalent viscosity, GOHSENX LW-100 is positioned for applications requiring lower continuous-phase viscosity and more selective interfacial adsorption. Fully hydrolyzed PVA with a similar degree of polymerization yields higher film strength and lower water absorption, but its aqueous solutions generate higher surface tension and are less effective as a monomer droplet stabilizer. High-viscosity partially hydrolyzed PVA produces stable protective colloids in emulsion polymerization but raises reactor torque and limits solids loading. This product occupies a midpoint: viscosity is low enough for high-shear processing, hydrolysis is high enough for useful steric stabilization, and residual acetate groups provide hydrophobic anchoring. The practical consequence is that formulators transferring from a high-viscosity stabilizer to GOHSENX LW-100 must revalidate particle size distribution, latex stability, and green strength using the specific production equipment, rather than relying on a single universal addition-rate substitution.
Compliance documentation for GOHSENX LW-100 should be obtained from the manufacturer’s safety data sheet and certificate of conformity. The following matrix lists the applicable regulatory or standards framework for common export and end-use contexts; it is not a substitute for formulation-specific certification.
| Regulation or Standard | Scope | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 REACH | Registration and substance evaluation in the European Union | Polyvinyl alcohol listed as a registered polymer; monomer and residual additive data listed in safety data sheet |
| Directive 2011/65/EU RoHS | Restriction of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment | Not expected to exceed Annex II maximum concentration values in homogeneous material; supplier certificate of conformity required for specific component analysis |
| 21 CFR 175.105 | Adhesives used in food contact | Referenced in FDA inventory for adhesive components; suitability must be confirmed for the final adhesive formulation and food type |
| 21 CFR 176.180 | Components of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods | Polyvinyl alcohol referenced for paper coating components; extraction testing is required for specific food-contact use |
| JIS K6726 | Test methods for polyvinyl alcohol | Batch certificate of analysis uses these methods for viscosity, hydrolysis, pH, volatile matter, and ash |
Operational boundaries are significant. The product is hygroscopic; storage above 60 % relative humidity accelerates agglomeration and reduces dry-flow characteristics. Aqueous solutions should be used within 72 h unless an approved biocide is added, because PVA is biodegradable and microbial growth can cause viscosity loss. The product should not be combined with borate salts at pH 8.0 or above in high-shear mixers because crosslinking causes immediate gelation; this incompatibility is well documented for PVA systems and cannot be reversed by dilution. Strong oxidizing agents and concentrated mineral acids at elevated temperature degrade the polymer chain and lower molecular weight. When replacing a fully hydrolyzed grade, the end user must revalidate water resistance, barrier performance, and mechanical strength using the specific converting equipment, because the lower hydrolysis degree of GOHSENX LW-100 shifts the dried film properties.
