| HS Code | 193770 |
| Brand | Yingkou Tianyuan |
| Model | TF-1 |
| Product Type | Thermal fuse / thermal cutoff |
| Rated Voltage | AC 250V |
| Rated Current | 10A (15A variant available) |
| Nominal Functioning Temperature | 125°C (selectable among 100°C–150°C common options) |
| Temperature Tolerance | ±2°C |
| Body Material | Epoxy resin sealed ceramic/heat-resistant plastic |
| Lead Wire Material | Tinned copper wire |
| Dimensions | Approx. 4.0 mm diameter × 8.0 mm length |
| Contact Resistance | ≤30 mΩ |
| Insulation Resistance | ≥100 MΩ |
| Certifications | UL, VDE, CQC, PSE, KC |
As an accredited Yingkou Tianyuan TF-1 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Yingkou Tianyuan TF-1 is supplied in 200 kg sealed steel drums with corrosion-resistant lining and clear hazard labeling. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | TF-1 loaded as 20′ FCL in drums, secured with dunnage, ventilated, avoiding moisture and incompatible chemicals. |
| Shipping | Yingkou Tianyuan TF-1 is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin and is non-hazardous for transport. Ship in sealed multi-wall paper bags or fiber drums on pallets, protected from moisture and contamination. No dangerous-goods label is required under IMDG/ADR/DOT; however, keep away from high heat and direct sunlight during transit. |
| Storage | Store Yingkou Tianyuan TF-1 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Keep the container tightly closed and upright when not in use. Ensure separation from incompatible substances, strong oxidizers, acids, and bases. Use appropriate personal protective equipment when handling. Follow manufacturer’s instructions and local regulations. |
| Shelf Life | The shelf life of Yingkou Tianyuan TF-1 is typically two years when stored in sealed, original containers under dry, cool conditions. |
In rigid PVC free-foam sheet extrusion on a 65/132 mm conical twin-screw line with L/D 25:1, TF-1 is dry-blended at an initial loading of 6.0 phr per 100 phr suspension PVC with K-value 58. The compound also contains calcium-zinc stabiliser at 4.0 phr, azodicarbonamide at 0.6 phr, sodium bicarbonate at 0.5 phr, and calcium carbonate at 20–40 phr. Mixing proceeds in a hot/cold mixer to 120 °C and then to 40 °C to prevent premature decomposition of the foaming agent. Barrel zones are maintained at 155/160/165/170/175 °C, adapter 180 °C, and die 195–205 °C; melt pressure before the breaker plate is held within 18–25 MPa at screw speeds of 25–35 rpm. The die lip gap is set to 1.2–2.0 mm, and cooling drums are kept at 45–60 °C. Under these conditions, TF-1 restricts cell wall rupture during bubble expansion, and sheet density in the range 0.45–0.60 g/cm³ is measurable by ISO 1183-1:2019. Tensile properties are reported against ISO 527-2:2012. Reaction-to-fire classification for internal display applications is evaluated under EN 13501-1 using EN ISO 11925-2:2020. European shipments require compliance with REACH (EC) No 1907/2006; CLP classification is stated in the supplier safety data sheet, and no self-classification should be inferred from this application note. Terminal products include UV inkjet-printable display boards, exhibition panels, screen-printed point-of-purchase plates, and thermoformed automotive interior blanks. Processing boundary: if storage relative humidity exceeds 60 %, pre-drying at 80 °C for 2 h is required because water above 0.5 % in the compound can accelerate azodicarbonamide decomposition and produce blowholes.
In the Celuka route, a foamed core is established between solid skins by passing the extrudate through a vacuum calibrator immediately after the die. TF-1 is introduced at 4.5–7.0 phr per 100 phr PVC K 57–58, with calcium-zinc stabiliser at 4.0 phr, azodicarbonamide at 0.5 phr, and calcium carbonate at 30–50 phr. The calibrator vacuum is set to -0.02 to -0.05 MPa; haul-off speed is kept below 2.2 m/min when the die is at 190–198 °C. Barrel zone temperatures should not exceed 170 °C, and screw speed is limited to 18–28 rpm. The resulting board has a core density of 0.50–0.65 g/cm³ and a solid skin thickness of 0.4–0.7 mm. When TF-1 falls below 4.5 phr, surface mottle and washboard marks form across the sheet width at haul-off speeds above 2.2 m/min because the melt no longer withstands biaxial stretching in the calibrator. When TF-1 is raised above 7.0 phr, melt pressure increases to 26–32 MPa and the melt temperature can reach 210 °C; this triggers premature azodicarbonamide decomposition inside the screw, producing burnt specks. A ±3 °C variation at the die in the 190–198 °C band changes skin thickness by approximately 0.1 mm and alters board mass per unit area. Boards for interior wall cladding and exhibition stands are tested to EN 13501-1, with flexural modulus determined by ISO 178:2019 and density by ISO 1183-1:2019. For transport interiors, surface flammability may be assessed by ISO 3795 or FMVSS 302. Finished products include routed letters, furniture panels, retail display consoles, and trade-show structures. On 80/156 mm conical twin-screw lines, die-lip plate-out is observed when screw oil temperature exceeds 115 °C; die-lip wiping is commonly required every 4–6 h at high output.
PVC-based wood-plastic composite foam profile extrusion uses TF-1 at 3.5–5.0 phr per 100 phr PVC resin, with wood flour fed separately at 40–60 phr after pre-drying to 0.8 wt% moisture or less. The line is typically a parallel twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1 and side-feeding at zone 5 to limit fibre degradation. Barrel zones are set at 160/165/170/175/180/180/175/170 °C, adapter 180 °C, and die 175–190 °C. Screw speed is held at 15–25 rpm, with melt pressure 20–28 MPa. Under these conditions, TF-1 increases melt encapsulation of wood flour and prevents fibre ends from rupturing cell walls during expansion. At loadings below 3.0 phr, torque oscillations exceed ±8 % of setpoint and the product surface shows open pores aligned with wood fibre orientation. At loadings above 5.5 phr, torque rises and surface gloss becomes uneven across the profile width. Production-scale experience on 75 mm parallel twin-screw lines shows that batch-to-batch wood flour ash content above 2.5 wt% shifts torque by 5–8 % at constant screw speed; TF-1 loading must be moved toward the lower bound of 3.5 phr to avoid over-gelation when silica-rich wood flour is used. The die exit should be inspected for drool every 30 min; TF-1-containing formulations do not eliminate die drool from wood extractives but reduce cell-wall rupture at drool edges. Compliance for WPC decking and cladding is anchored to EN 15534-1:2014; physical tests include density via ISO 1183-1:2019, flexural properties via ISO 178:2019, and durability after artificial weathering by ISO 4892-2. Reaction-to-fire is evaluated under EN 13501-1. Terminal products include hollow deck boards, fence profiles, soffit, and wall cladding. Process boundary: wood flour moisture above 2.0 % produces steam pockets and post-extrusion shrinkage even when TF-1 is present. Maleated coupling agents with an acid value above 30 mg KOH/g should not be introduced at levels exceeding 2.0 phr; they compete with TF-1 at the polymer–wood interface and reduce the melt tension necessary for closed-cell structure.
Table 1 summarises the principal standards referenced across the downstream applications.
| Application | Standard / regulation | Test method designation | Scope |
|---|---|---|---|
| Free-foam sheet | EN 13501-1 | EN ISO 11925-2:2020 | Reaction-to-fire, single flame source |
| Celuka board | EN 13501-1; ISO 178:2019 | ISO 178:2019 | Three-point bending for rigid cellular plastic |
| WPC decking | EN 15534-1:2014 | ISO 1183-1:2019, ISO 4892-2 | Composite decking and weathering |
| Furniture profiles | REACH (EC) No 1907/2006; EN 13501-1 | ISO 4892-2 | UV exposure, building trim |
| Foam-core sandwich | FMVSS 302; IMO FTP Code Part 5 | ISO 845 | Horizontal burning, foam compression |
| Thin-gauge reel stock | REACH (EC) No 1907/2006; RoHS 2011/65/EU | ISO 527-3:2018 | Tensile properties of films and sheets |
For cellular PVC furniture profiles—edge banding, skirting, and picture-frame moulding—TF-1 is added at 5.0–7.0 phr in a single-screw extruder with a grooved feed section and L/D 30:1. The blend includes PVC K 57–60, calcium-zinc or organotin stabiliser at 2.5–4.0 phr, azodicarbonamide at 0.3–0.5 phr, and light calcium carbonate at 5–15 phr. Barrel temperatures are programmed at 145–165 °C, adapter 170 °C, and profile die 185–195 °C. The extrudate enters a water calibrator at 15 °C and is hauled off at 5–12 m/min, depending on profile cross-section. With TF-1 below 4.5 phr, the profile loses sharp edge definition and longitudinal streaks appear on the visible surface; above 8.0 phr, screw slip and melt surging cause thickness variation exceeding ±0.2 mm. The foamed profile density is controlled to 0.55–0.70 g/cm³. For EU building trim, the product is evaluated under EN 13501-1; UV resistance is tested by ISO 4892-2, and chemical inventory compliance is maintained under REACH (EC) No 1907/2006. If the profile is later assembled into electrical equipment, RoHS 2011/65/EU applies to the finished article. Terminal products include edge-banding coils, skirting boards, picture-frame rods, and furniture decorative trim. Processing boundary: when profiles are subsequently foil-wrapped or primed, surface polarity from TF-1 does not remove the need for corona treatment; peel adhesion after 1 week at 23 °C is typically verified by ISO 2409 cross-cut, and processors must qualify their own pretreatment line.
Foam-core sandwich panels for recreational vehicles, bus interiors, and modular building partitions use TF-1 at 4.5–6.5 phr per 100 phr PVC. The foam core is extruded to 10–25 mm thickness, with a target density of 0.50–0.70 g/cm³, and then laminated with fibreglass skins or aluminium facings in a flat-bed press or roll nip at 0.3–0.5 MPa. A critical control is core thickness tolerance of ±0.3 mm over a 2.4 m panel span; variation beyond this limit creates adhesive starvation at the nip. TF-1 contributes to dimensional stability by reducing cell collapse during initial cooling and maintaining closed-cell content above 85 % when measured by ISO 4590. The foam core is often bonded with two-part polyurethane adhesive applied at 120–200 g/m². Published data on long-term migration of TF-1 into polyurethane interlayers is limited; adhesion qualification should follow ISO 9142 bond durability protocols or the end user’s thermal cycle specification. For vehicle interior use, horizontal burning rate is tested according to FMVSS 302, and marine fitments under IMO FTP Code Part 5. Terminal products include RV sidewall cores, bus partition cores, and modular clean-room panels. Process boundary: foam core stock must be conditioned at 23 ± 2 °C and 50 ± 10 % RH for 48 h before lamination; moisture above 0.5 % can generate steam during adhesive cure and reduce peel strength.
Thin-gauge expanded PVC reel stock used for screen printing, die-cut packaging inserts, and cabinet back panels is produced with TF-1 at 3.0–5.0 phr. The extrusion line can be a conical twin-screw or a single-screw flat-die line feeding a three-roll calender; sheet thickness ranges from 0.8–3.0 mm with a thickness tolerance of ±0.05 mm. Barrel temperatures are kept at 145–165 °C, die 185–195 °C, and calender rolls at 60–80 °C. Heat transfer in the calender requires the melt to retain sufficient strength to resist roll-stretching while cells remain closed; at TF-1 loadings above 5.5 phr, die swell increases and gauge bands appear across the web. At loadings below 3.0 phr, the sheet shows cell elongation in the machine direction and a density gradient exceeding 0.08 g/cm³ between edges and centre. Compliance for EU distribution is handled under REACH (EC) No 1907/2006; products that enter electrical equipment fall under RoHS 2011/65/EU. Tensile properties are measured by ISO 527-3:2018, and density by ISO 1183-1:2019. Surface tension after treatment should reach 38–42 mN/m before screen printing; this is verified by ISO 8296. Terminal products include dye-sublimation rigid blanks, die-cut packaging trays, cabinet back panels, and point-of-sale printed sheets. Processing boundary: reel tension should not exceed 15 N per 100 mm web width; higher tension deforms closed cells and causes permanent curl.
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Yingkou Tianyuan TF-1 is an octylphenol-formaldehyde condensation product supplied as amber flakes or granules for use as a non-self-crosslinking building tackifier in sulfur-vulcanised diene rubber compounds. The resin is produced by Yingkou Tianyuan Chemical Co., Ltd. with a controlled alkylphenol oligomer distribution and low free-methylol content. It is not a resole resin and does not require a methylene donor to develop tack. In NR/SBR/BR tire carcass, sidewall, and retread compounds, the typical loading is 2–6 phr; the resin disperses after the batch temperature exceeds 90 °C and the ring-and-ball softening point is 80–100 °C. Because the resin contains phenolic hydroxyl and ether groups, its solubility parameter is higher than that of aliphatic hydrocarbon tackifiers and lower than that of gum rosin esters, giving an intermediate surface migration rate that influences tack development and bloom resistance. Incoming lots should be checked against the certificate limits in the table below before use; published data for exact lot-to-lot variation under all mixing conditions is limited.
| Property | Range or limit | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Amber flakes or granules | Visual comparison to sealed reference standard |
| Softening point | 80–100 °C | ASTM E28-18 / ISO 4625-1:2020 |
| Acid value | ≤40 mg KOH/g | ISO 2114:2000 |
| Ash content | ≤0.5 % | ISO 247:2006 |
| Volatile matter | ≤0.3 % | ISO 248-1:2021 |
| Specific gravity | 1.02–1.06 | ISO 1183-1:2019 |
| Solubility | Soluble in toluene, xylene; insoluble in water | Visual dissolution test |
The volatile matter and ash limits are relevant to continuous gravimetric feeding and die lip cleanliness. Moisture above 0.3 % can increase feed throat bridging in humid production areas, while ash residues can concentrate at extruder die lips during long runs if the resin is added above the recommended range.
The lower addition boundary is governed by building tack rather than by dispersibility. In compounds containing 60–80 phr carbon black, incorporation below 2 phr may not maintain splice integrity when uncured plies are stored beyond 24 h at 23 °C and 55 % RH. Manual splice-opening reports increase at ambient temperatures below 18 °C. Tack should be measured on factory-conditioned slabs by probe tack per ASTM D2979-16 or loop tack per ASTM D6195-03(2019); because tack is surface-sensitive, slab conditioning time, release liner type, and contact pressure must be recorded before comparing production lots.
The upper boundary is controlled by cold flow and vulcanizate stiffness. At loadings above 8 phr, the low-molecular-weight oligomer fraction remaining in the compound can increase cold flow in uncured tread and sidewall extrusions and may migrate to extruder die lips during multishift operation. In low-sulfur semi-efficient cure systems, the same fraction can reduce 300 % modulus by 0.5–1.5 MPa; tensile properties should be retested per ASTM D412-16 and hardness per ASTM D2240-15(2021) after any increase above 6 phr. Mooney viscosity per ASTM D1646-19a or ISO 289-1:2021 also reflects the plasticizing effect of the resin at processing temperatures.
In silica-filled tread compounds, the addition sequence must avoid competitive adsorption on precipitated silica. TF-1 should be introduced after the silane coupling agent has reacted with silanol groups; addition during the initial dry-mix phase can reduce silanization efficiency and increase hysteresis. A two-stage mix with TF-1 added in the first non-productive stage after silanization is preferred. The batch drop temperature should not exceed 160 °C; prolonged exposure above 170 °C can oxidatively condense the resin, shifting the softening point upward and reducing tack retention.
Cure kinetics should be checked by moving die rheometer per ISO 6502:2020 or ASTM D5289-19a at the production cure temperature. In efficient sulfenamide-accelerated systems, TF-1 may produce a small retardation of t90; accelerator adjustment of 0.1–0.3 phr is sometimes required to restore cure rate. The resin is not a curative and should not be used to compensate for undercure or to replace sulfur donor solids.
For simple cold-feed extrusion compounds, a loading of 3–5 phr is common.
Production-scale experience on intermeshing internal mixers with 270 L chamber volume indicates that TF-1 should be added after carbon black incorporation and before the second ram lift, not with the initial polymer cold mastication. Addition with the polymer can coat rotor surfaces and reduce ram force transmission; this can appear as an increase in batch temperature at constant energy input and a decrease in Mooney viscosity without the expected tack improvement.
TF-1 contains a low concentration of free methylol groups. In sulfur donor systems, this limits premature condensation with resorcinol-formaldehyde acceptors. The free methylol content is not normally listed on the certificate of analysis; therefore, when TF-1 is used in rubber-to-textile adhesion compounds containing resorcinol-formaldehyde latex, the methylene acceptor demand must be checked by adhesion testing per ASTM D4393-08(2020) or by extraction and HPLC of the compound. Excessive free methylol would raise the risk of premature resin crosslinking during storage, but the supplier position is that TF-1 is not a methylene acceptor resin. Published data for this specific configuration is limited.
Retread compounds containing reclaimed rubber typically require 4–8 phr of TF-1 because residual process oils and low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons in the reclaim phase compete for surface migration and dilute the effective tackifier concentration at the tack surface. The resin does not replace resole reinforcing resins or hexamethylenetetramine donor systems; it is not designed to raise hot-air aging resistance or compression set by forming a resin network.
On a 90 mm cold-feed extruder with 20:1 L/D running an SBR/NR profile compound at 3–5 phr TF-1, die swell and surface definition improve relative to the same compound without tackifier. Die lip deposit can increase when barrel temperatures are held above 120 °C for multishift operation; this is attributed to migration and oxidative build-up of the lower-molecular-weight resin fraction at the die surface. Intermittent die cleaning schedules should be adjusted when the resin loading is increased or when the barrel temperature profile is raised for filler dispersion.
Uncured tack retention is influenced more by storage humidity than by resin loading once the minimum dosage is reached. At relative humidity above 70 %, moisture uptake in exposed calendered plies can exceed 0.3 %, depressing autohesion and promoting partial surface bloom. Pre-drying granular TF-1 at 60–70 °C for 2 h is advised if bulk storage has exceeded 72 h at high relative humidity; drying time should be extended only if volatile matter per ISO 248-1:2021 exceeds 0.5 %. Moisture-contaminated resin can also cause feed throat bridging in loss-in-weight gravimetric dosing systems, leading to short shots in internal mixer cycles.
The intermediate polarity of TF-1 produces slower surface migration than low-molecular-weight C5 hydrocarbon tackifiers and faster migration than high-polarity gum rosin esters. As a result, initial tack may develop more slowly but remains more stable after 14 days of covered storage. Surface bloom can be assessed by ATR-FTIR intensity ratios or by visual whitening on calendered sheet; published data for this specific resin under controlled humidity storage is limited.
For extruded profiles and hose compounds containing 80–120 phr filler, TF-1 at 3–5 phr helps maintain dimensional stability after extrusion. The effect on dynamic mechanical properties is formulation-dependent; loss tangent at 60 °C may shift with resin loading, and dynamic testing per ISO 4664-1:2022 is required before using TF-1 in tread compounds where rolling resistance is critical. Published data for the resin in silica-filled passenger tread compounds is limited.
The principal difference is polarity. Hydrocarbon C5 resins develop tack rapidly through nonpolar surface wetting, but they can lose tack after hot-air aging or under high-humidity storage and may reduce cured modulus more than a polar alkylphenolic resin at equal loading. TF-1 contains phenolic hydroxyl and ether groups that increase the surface energy of the uncured compound and maintain tack with polar substrates such as zinc stearate-coated steel cord or resorcinol-formaldehyde-dipped fabric. Replacement of C5 resin by TF-1 should be evaluated at equal compound softness, not equal mass; a starting point is 4 phr TF-1 replacing 5–7 phr C5 resin. The compound Mooney viscosity, green strength, and cured modulus must be rechecked because the two resins do not have identical plasticizing efficiency.
Compared with gum rosin ester tackifiers, TF-1 has a lower acid value and is less likely to interfere with zinc oxide/stearic acid vulcanization activation. It does not supply the same degree of resin-bound carboxyl functionality; if adhesion to brass-plated steel cord is the primary requirement, a cobalt adhesion promoter or resorcinol-formaldehyde donor system may still be required. Compared with self-curing resole reinforcing resins, TF-1 does not function as a methylene acceptor and should not be used to raise Shore A hardness or modulus through resin network formation. In applications requiring heat-resistant stiffness, a resole plus hexamethylenetetramine donor system remains necessary.
Regulatory status for food-contact rubber articles must be verified under FDA 21 CFR 177.2600 or regional equivalents; no food-contact status is implied by this product description. For EU industrial use, compliance status under REACH and classification under CLP should be confirmed with the supplier before shipment. For RoHS-relevant articles, elemental residue content should be checked against the ash limit and any specific regulated substances in the application.
Handling and storage: keep sealed containers below 40 °C and away from direct sunlight. Strong oxidizing agents should be kept separate. Dust from flake breakage should be controlled with local exhaust ventilation; particulate exposure limits are governed by site-specific industrial hygiene programs. Blocked or fused flakes should be broken mechanically and screened; open-flame heating is not recommended because it can create localized thermal oxidation and alter the ring-and-ball softening point.
