| HS Code | 671216 |
| Appearance | White granular powder |
| Softening Point | 120-140 °C |
| Hydroxyl Content | 20-30 % |
| Butyral Content | 60-70 % |
| Viscosity 5 Ethanol Solution 25 C | 50-150 mPa·s |
| Molecular Weight | 50,000-100,000 |
| Acid Number | ≤1 mg KOH/g |
| Volatile Content | ≤2 % |
| Density | 1.10 g/cm³ |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 60-75 °C |
As an accredited TX Series Modified PVB Resin factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | TX Series Modified PVB Resin: 25 kg per sealed kraft bag, palletized and shrink-wrapped for safe storage and transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | TX Series Modified PVB Resin is loaded in 20′ FCL containers, palletized, secured, and protected for safe transit. |
| Shipping | TX Series Modified PVB Resin is shipped in sealed, moisture-proof bags or drums to prevent clumping and contamination. Store away from heat, sparks, and sunlight. Non-hazardous under normal transport conditions; handle gently to avoid dust generation. Ensure dry, ventilated cargo space during transit. |
| Storage | Store TX Series Modified PVB Resin in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers and acids. Maintain stable temperatures. Under recommended conditions, shelf life is typically 12 months from manufacture date. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months when stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. |
A two-component acid-catalysed metal pretreatment system based on TX Series modified PVB resin is prepared by dissolving the resin at 7–9 wt% in an anhydrous mixed solvent of ethanol, isopropanol and n-butanol at a mass ratio of 2:1:0.5. The acid component is stored separately and contains 85 wt% phosphoric acid diluted to 3–5 wt% of the total mixed primer, together with 8–12 wt% zinc phosphate as a corrosion-inhibiting pigment. Batch-to-batch moisture in the resin is controlled by Karl Fischer titration ISO 760:1978; resin moisture above 0.5 wt% shortens pot life through acid-catalysed hydrolysis. Mixing is conducted in a high-shear disperser at 800–1,200 rpm for 15–20 min, with jacket temperature maintained below 35°C to prevent viscosity drift. The mixed primer has a usable pot life of 8–12 h at 20°C before the acid-reactive hydroxyl sites increase viscosity beyond air-atomised spray range. Application on blast-cleaned steel prepared to Sa 2½ per ISO 8501-1:2007 is carried out with a spray gun nozzle of 1.0–1.4 mm and atomising air at 2.0–2.5 bar. Wet film thickness is controlled to 10–18 μm, yielding a dry film thickness of 8–15 μm after flash-off for 2–5 min at 20–25°C and 40–60% RH. Adhesion is assessed by cross-cut ISO 2409:2013 and tape pull ASTM D3359-17, with acceptable ratings of class 0 or 1 on degreased and blast-cleaned panels. Dry film thickness above 20 μm produces cohesive failure within the primer rather than adhesive failure at the steel interface; this is detected as adhesion loss after 240 h exposure in neutral salt spray ISO 9227:2022. The primer is not recommended over zinc-rich epoxy primers because the phosphoric acid component can etch metallic zinc and generate hydrogen gas at the interface.
| Component | Function in wet film | Mass fraction | Control/test method |
| TX Series modified PVB resin | acid-reactive adhesion binder | 7–9 wt% | non-volatile content ASTM D2369 |
| Phosphoric acid 85 wt% | metal etching and phosphate ester formation | 3–5 wt% | acid value ISO 2114 |
| Zinc phosphate | corrosion-inhibiting pigment | 8–12 wt% | dispersion fineness ISO 1524 |
| Ethanol/isopropanol/n-butanol 2:1:0.5 | solvent balance and edge evaporation control | 75–82 wt% | gas chromatography ASTM D4815 |
Failure-mode observation from production-scale air-atomised lines indicates that when the mixed primer is held beyond 12 h, the spray pattern collapses from a uniform fan to a coarse droplet distribution because the resin builds a weak gel structure. The gel is not fully reversible by solvent addition. In humid coastal sites above 60% RH, a powdery phosphate-rich interface can form if the overcoat window exceeds 8 h; re-blasting or solvent-assisted abrasion is then required before epoxy intermediate coats are applied.
Slurry stability in non-aqueous ceramic tape casting is determined by the interaction among the dispersant, the PVB binder and the evaporation profile of the mixed solvent. In a typical barium titanate dielectric tape formulation, the TX Series modified PVB resin is first dissolved as a 10–15 wt% solution in toluene and ethanol at 60:40 by mass. The ceramic powder is dispersed separately with a phosphate ester dispersant in a polyamide jar mill using yttria-stabilised zirconia media of 5 mm diameter for 24–48 h. The binder solution is added to reach a final binder content of 4–8 wt% based on total slurry mass and a ceramic solids loading of 55–65 wt%. Plasticiser such as butyl benzyl phthalate or dioctyl phthalate is incorporated at 5–15 phr on binder solids to reduce green tape brittleness. Viscosity is measured by cone-plate rheometry ISO 3219:2013 at 10 s⁻¹; target values for doctor blade casting are 500–2,500 mPa·s. Water ingress is kept below 0.1 wt% by Karl Fischer titration ISO 760:1978 because small amounts of moisture form hydrogen-bonded PVB clusters that raise low-shear viscosity irreversibly. The slurry is de-aired under vacuum of 2–5 kPa for 10–20 min and cast onto silicon-coated polyester carrier with a doctor blade gap of 100–400 μm. First-zone drying at 60–70°C is operated under solvent-laden air to avoid surface skinning; second-zone drying at 80–90°C reduces residual solvent below 1 wt%. Green tape is laminated at 50–80°C and 10–30 MPa to build multilayer structures. Binder burnout is performed with a ramp of 0.5–1°C/min through 200–450°C and a two-hour hold at 450–500°C in air; thermogravimetric analysis ISO 11358-1:2022 is used to confirm complete oxidative removal before sintering. For nanoscale barium titanate with high surface area, binder content at the upper end of the range may be necessary, but excess PVB above 8 wt% can produce low green density and internal lamination defects. Published data for the specific TX Series burnout residue is limited; each lot should be screened by thermogravimetric analysis and residual ash measurement before qualifying in multilayer ceramic capacitor tape.
In solvent-borne flexographic and gravure printing on corona-treated polyolefin films, TX Series modified PVB resin is introduced as a co-binder at 2–6 wt% of total ink formulation to raise adhesion when nitrocellulose alone delaminates at line speeds above 150 m/min. The resin is pre-dissolved in ethanol or n-propanol; ethyl acetate alone precipitates PVB, so final solvent blends for flexographic inks typically retain ethyl acetate below 30 wt% and use ethanol or isopropanol as the balance. On BOPP and CPP films with surface energy of 38–42 mN/m, the modified PVB contributes polar interaction at the film surface and improves tape adhesion to class 5B under ASTM D3359-17. Pigment millbases are prepared on a three-roll mill or high-shear disperser at 2,000–4,000 rpm with 1.0–1.5 mm glass media; the addition of PVB shortens dispersion time for phthalocyanine blue and carbon black because the resin adsorbs onto pigment aggregates and stabilises the broken particles. Press viscosity is adjusted to 20–25 s in a 4 mm flow cup ISO 2431:2019. At gravure line speeds of 100–250 m/min and flexographic line speeds of 150–300 m/min, the solvent release profile of the resin reduces retained solvent while maintaining resolubility on the engraved cylinder. Lamination bond strength in PET/aluminium/PE structures is tested by ASTM F88/F88M-21 with a minimum specification of 2.0 N/15 mm; below this value, the failure mode is usually interfacial separation at the ink/film interface, indicating insufficient PVB or inadequate corona treatment. The resin should not be diluted with aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents above 10 wt% because precipitation causes gravure cell clogging. Long-term rewind blocking of printed reels is evaluated at 50°C and 500 g/cm² for 24 h; formulations with excessive plasticiser can show blocking while adhesion improves, so plasticiser level is adjusted against both properties. Published data for modified PVB in very high-speed flexographic printing is limited; press-side trials with drawdown standards are used to qualify the lot.
Aluminium foil heat seal lacquers formulated with TX Series modified PVB resin are coated by direct gravure onto 20–30 μm foil using a cylinder screen count of 70–90 lines/cm and a solution solids content of 15–20 wt% in methyl ethyl ketone/toluene at 2:1. A plasticiser such as dibutyl sebacate or propylene glycol dibenzoate is included at 10–25 phr on resin solids to lower minimum seal initiation temperature and improve film flexibility. Dry coating weight is maintained between 2.5 and 4.0 g/m²; below 2.5 g/m² the coating becomes discontinuous and leak paths appear in pouch seals, while above 4.5 g/m² the seal strength curve plateaus and blocking tendency increases. Drying is conducted at 120–150°C for 5–10 s in a forced-air tunnel, with residual solvent below 10 mg/m² by headspace gas chromatography. Heat seal strength is measured by ASTM F2029-16 for seal formation and ASTM F88/F88M-21 for peel strength; typical specification for lidding stock is 1.5–3.0 N/15 mm at a seal initiation temperature of 95–120°C. Blocking resistance is assessed at 40°C, 50% RH, 24 h and 0.5 N/cm² contact pressure; films with more than 25 phr plasticiser may show fibre tear on separation. Amine-based slip agents are incompatible above 0.5 wt% because they neutralise acid-modified PVB functionality and reduce heat seal strength. Food-contact suitability is evaluated under 21 CFR 175.300 or EU 10/2011 for the intended packaging type, with migration testing required for the finished coated foil.
Laminated safety glass using a TX Series modified PVB interlayer requires residual moisture control at 0.4–0.6 wt% before assembly because excess water vaporises in the autoclave and forms edge clouding. The resin is plasticised with triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) at 20–40 phr to achieve the required shear modulus and tear resistance. Adhesion to glass is regulated with alkali metal salts such as potassium formate or magnesium acetate at 30–80 ppm relative to resin solids, targeting pummel adhesion of 3–7 units; lower salt levels can produce excessive adhesion and glass separation failure, while higher levels may create delamination under impact. The glass/PVB/glass stack is assembled in a clean room at 20–25°C and 20–30% RH, passed through nip rolls at 60–80°C, and then autoclaved at 135–150°C and 1.0–1.2 MPa for 30–60 min. Qualification testing follows EN ISO 12543-4:2021, ANSI Z26.1, and ECE R43 for laminated glass used in vehicle and architectural glazing. Interlayer thickness options of 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, and 1.52 mm are selected according to impact rating and acoustic requirements. PVB sheet stored above 60% RH should be pre-dried at 20–25°C and 25–35% RH for 24–48 h before lamination. On coated glass or low-emissivity coatings, a silane primer may be required to maintain wet adhesion after the boil test specified in EN ISO 12543-4:2021.
TX Series modified PVB resin is compounded into phenolic structural adhesive solutions at 15–25 wt% of non-volatile adhesive solids. The PVB phase increases peel and impact resistance while the phenolic network provides high-temperature shear strength. Solvent-borne blends are roll-coated or curtain-coated onto chromic-acid-anodised aluminium prepared to ASTM D3933 or phosphoric-acid-anodised substrates. The adhesive is cured under platen pressure of 0.5–1.0 MPa at 160–180°C for 30–60 min. Lap shear strength on 1.6 mm aluminium 2024-T3 is measured by ISO 4587:2003; published values for phenolic-PVB hybrid adhesives commonly fall between 15 and 25 MPa, with cohesive failure indicating proper resin wetting. T-peel strength ASTM D1876 shows a transition from brittle adhesive failure to ductile cohesive failure as PVB content rises above 15 wt%; below 10 wt% the adhesive becomes too brittle for peel-prone joints. Pot life of the mixed solvent-borne adhesive is 2–4 h at 25°C; viscosity increase beyond 50% of initial value requires solvent adjustment to maintain coatability. Amine-based hardeners are incompatible because they neutralise acid-modified PVB sites and can accelerate phenolic condensation in storage. Continuous service temperature is limited to 180°C; short excursions above 200°C cause oxidative degradation of the PVB phase and a measurable drop in peel strength. For aerospace secondary structures, qualification includes wedge durability testing ASTM D3762 and lap shear testing after environmental exposure.
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TX Series Modified PVB Resin is a polyvinyl butyral-based thermoplastic acetal resin in which acetalisation level, residual polyvinyl alcohol content, and molecular weight distribution have been adjusted to modify solubility, adhesion, and melt processing relative to standard PVB. The material is supplied as free-flowing off-white powder or granular material with volatile matter controlled to 2.5 wt% when determined by ISO 3251:2019. It is insoluble in water and aliphatic hydrocarbons but forms clear solutions in ethanol/toluene blends, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and glycol ether acetates. Primary industrial end uses include plasticised interlayers for laminated safety glass, adhesion-promoting wash primers, ceramic green-tape binders, and heat-seal coatings. Relative to unmodified PVB, the TX Series shows a lower gel-particle count in 10 wt% ethanol/toluene solutions, which is a controlling variable for reverse-gravure coating and flexographic printing on continuous web lines.
Residual polyvinyl alcohol content in this product class is typically 11–18 wt%, measured by saponification and back-titration; residual polyvinyl acetate is held below 3 wt% to limit moisture regain and plasticiser migration. Acetal content normally falls between 75 wt% and 88 wt%. Glass transition temperature determined by differential scanning calorimetry at 10 K/min per ISO 11357-2:2020 is 45–72 °C for unplasticised resin, while plasticised compounds used in interlayers exhibit lower service transitions. Melt flow rate at 190 °C and 2.16 kg per ISO 1133-1:2022 varies by grade from 2 g/10 min to 25 g/10 min. Because full grade-specific data for TX Series models has not been published in public literature, these ranges consolidate typical commercial PVB resin data; the certificate of analysis remains the controlling document for each model designation.
Grade selection within the TX Series follows the solution viscosity requirement of the converting process rather than a single universal specification. Coatings and primer grades are typically selected in the lower-suffix range for high solids at spray or gravure viscosity; interlayer extrusion grades occupy the higher-suffix range where melt strength and autoclave flow must be balanced. The exact grade-to-suffix correlation is documented in the supplier technical data sheet and should be matched against the solvent system and drying capacity of the specific production line.
Mechanical performance of cast films from solution is assessed according to ISO 527-2:2012 using type 1B specimens. Films prepared without external plasticiser show tensile strength values in the 12–28 MPa range and elongation at break from 150% to 300% depending on hydroxyl content and molecular weight. Because residual hydroxyl groups absorb atmospheric moisture, tensile values can shift downward by 5–10% after 48 h exposure at 85% RH. Pre-drying at 40–50 °C for 4 h is therefore required before melt extrusion or film casting where optical clarity is critical.
Unmodified PVB resins commonly exhibit broader molecular weight distributions and a higher frequency of gel particles, which originate from incomplete acetalisation and local crosslinking during acetaldehyde release. In the TX Series, the neutralisation step is adjusted to reduce residual catalyst, and the polymer is subjected to controlled shear history during isolation. This yields a solution viscosity curve with lower low-shear structure, as measured by Brookfield viscometry at 20 °C and 20 rpm using a Spindle No. 4. Typical 10 wt% solutions in 85:15 ethanol/toluene produce readings from 100 mPa·s to 900 mPa·s depending on grade suffix. In high-shear slot-die coating, this translates to reduced ribbing and fewer streak defects under web speeds up to 150 m/min.
When compared with EVA interlayer resins, TX Series PVB does not require peroxide crosslinking to generate structural integrity at room temperature; its modulus arises from hydrogen bonding and chain entanglement. Unlike EVA, which has limited intrinsic adhesion to glass without silane coupling agents, TX Series resin adheres to siliceous surfaces through residual hydroxyl groups, but this creates moisture sensitivity. Laminated glass made with PVB interlayers must limit water content in the PVB film to below 0.5 wt% before autoclaving; higher values cause edge bubbles and adhesion loss under ASTM D3354-19 or ISO 12543-3:2021 testing. These operating boundaries differ from thermoplastic polyurethane interlayers, which tolerate higher moisture but require higher processing temperatures and often show lower stiffness at elevated service temperatures.
| Property | Test method | TX Series typical range | Unmodified PVB typical range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residual polyvinyl alcohol | Internal titration | 11–18 wt% | 14–21 wt% |
| Residual polyvinyl acetate | GC after hydrolysis | ≤3 wt% | ≤5 wt% |
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.07–1.12 g/cm³ | 1.08–1.10 g/cm³ |
| Melt flow rate 190 °C/2.16 kg | ISO 1133-1:2022 | 2–25 g/10 min | 0.5–15 g/10 min |
| Tensile strength | ISO 527-2:2012 | 12–28 MPa | 10–22 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-2:2012 | 150–300% | 100–250% |
TX Series resin is extruded into interlayer film using a single-screw extruder with a screw length-to-diameter ratio of 30:1 or a co-rotating twin-screw compounding extruder with L/D 40:1 for masterbatch dilution. Melt temperature at the die is maintained between 180 °C and 210 °C; above 220 °C, thermal deacetalisation increases free aldehyde content and causes yellowing. Extruded film is chill-cast at 10–20 °C roll temperature and wound with interleaf. Film thickness variation across the web should remain below ±10% of nominal because gauge bands create localised pressure gradients during autoclave.
During vacuum-bag lamination, edge bubbles and optical haze are the dominant failure modes. Vacuum pressure of 0.08–0.09 MPa is applied at 10–20 °C for 15–30 min to remove air; if the flexible bag does not reach 0.08 MPa, interstitial air remains and is compressed during autoclave. Autoclave processing is typically conducted at 135–150 °C and 0.8–1.2 MPa; dwell time at peak pressure is 30–60 min. These conditions must be matched to the plasticiser content of the specific TX Series grade, because over-plasticised grades flow too early and trap air, while under-plasticised grades fail to fill glass surface roughness and produce low peel adhesion values when tested by ISO 12543-3:2021. Moisture content in the PVB film before glass assembly should be <0.2 wt% in high-humidity plants; lamination lines operating above 60% RH require climate-controlled storage and pre-drying.
In solvent-borne primer formulations, TX Series resin is dissolved at 5–10 wt% in an 85:15 ethanol/toluene blend or in methyl ethyl ketone. The solution is compounded with phosphoric acid at 0.2–0.8 phr and, where chromate-free formulations are required, with organosilane or zinc phosphate pigments. The resin acts as both binder and adhesion promoter on galvanized steel and aluminium. Dry film thickness of 5–8 μm is typical for wash primers applied by spray or reverse-gravure. Cross-cut adhesion evaluated by ISO 2409:2020 is typically class 0–1 on degreased substrates, but the test loses discriminating power on zinc-coated steel if the phosphate pre-treatment is incomplete. Salt spray resistance of primed panels under ASTM B117-19 depends on topcoat selection rather than the primer alone; published data for TX Series-specific performance in this configuration is limited.
Ceramic green-tape binders use TX Series resin in a methyl ethyl ketone/ethanol solvent system with plasticiser loadings from 30 phr to 60 phr and dispersant packages based on fish oil or phosphate esters. The binder is milled with alumina or barium titanate powder in a planetary mill; slurry viscosity is typically held between 500 mPa·s and 3000 mPa·s at 25 °C as measured by ISO 3219:2021. After tape casting at 0.2–0.8 m/min, the green sheet is dried and punched. Residual carbon after burnout at 450 °C is a critical variable; TX Series resins with lower acetate content are specified because acetate decomposition can leave conductive carbon residues in dielectric layers. Batch-to-batch ash content below 0.1 wt% is typical for electronic-grade material and should be verified by thermogravimetric analysis at 800 °C.
For melt-compounded parts and rigid profiles, TX Series resin can be processed on a twin-screw extruder at barrel set points from 160 °C to 200 °C. Screw speed is typically 200–400 min⁻¹ and specific mechanical energy is maintained below 0.15 kWh/kg to avoid excessive shear heating. At screw speeds above 400 min⁻¹, local melt temperature can exceed the 220 °C stability threshold, increasing free butyraldehyde and producing surface defects. Injection molding is less common for unplasticised PVB because of the narrow processing window between melt fluidity and thermal degradation; however, plasticised grades have been molded at melt temperatures of 175–190 °C using clamp force settings typical for polyamide workpieces. Lower-molecular-weight TX Series grades reduce injection pressure by 15–25% relative to standard PVB at the same cavity thickness.
Heat-seal coatings based on TX Series resin are compounded with plasticisers such as dibutyl sebacate or acetyl tributyl citrate at 10–40 phr and applied to polyester or aluminium foil by gravure. Heat-seal activation temperatures from 100 °C to 140 °C are possible by adjusting molecular weight and plasticiser content. Hot-tack strength measured by ASTM F1921-12 depends on seal pressure and dwell; on foil substrates, a seal pressure of 0.4 MPa and dwell of 0.5 s are common screening conditions. Blocking resistance of coated film stored at 40 °C for 48 h is sensitive to plasticiser migration; lower-hydroxyl TX Series grades show reduced blocking but also reduced solvent resistance in ethanol-based inks.
If a flexographic ink is reformulated with a lower-viscosity TX Series grade, solution viscosity at a given solids content typically decreases by 10–30% relative to standard PVB, allowing higher pigmentation without exceeding press viscosity limits. The ink is prepared by dissolving the resin in a 70:30 ethanol/n-propyl acetate blend at 35–40 °C under high-shear mixing. The resulting varnish is stabilised with a hindered amine light stabiliser at 0.1–0.3 phr and a phenolic antioxidant at 0.05–0.1 phr to limit thermo-oxidative viscosity drift during ink storage.
On narrow-web flexographic presses with chambered doctor blades, the lower-viscosity TX Series grade reduces ink misting at speeds above 200 m/min, but can lower retransfer to the anilox roll if surface tension is not matched to the sleeve. Print adhesion on corona-treated polyethylene film, evaluated by tape pull after 24 h conditioning at 23 °C and 50% RH, is governed by the substrate treatment level rather than by the resin alone; untreated film does not provide sufficient anchorage even at optimised resin loadings. The main process limitation is the drying tunnel temperature: if the web surface temperature exceeds 60 °C, retained solvent in the ink film can cause blocking on rewind.
Regulatory compliance for TX Series resin is governed by regional food-contact and packaging standards where applicable. Polyvinyl butyral resins of this class are generally considered as components in food-contact adhesives under FDA 21 CFR §175.105 and in resinous and polymeric coatings under FDA 21 CFR §175.300, provided residual aldehyde and solvent extractives meet the specified migration limits. For European Union applications, compliance with REACH registration obligations applies to the supplier, while downstream users must verify workplace exposure limits for butyraldehyde, which is released during thermal processing above 220 °C. The resin should be stored below 30 °C and 60% RH in closed containers; prolonged storage above 35 °C can increase blocking and change solution viscosity.
Compared with aminoplast-crosslinked binders, TX Series PVB is a high-molecular-weight thermoplastic and does not require formaldehyde condensation during curing. This reduces free formaldehyde content in the cured film to below detection limits when tested by ISO 14184-1:2011. Compared with nitrocellulose, TX Series resin offers lower solution colour and improved colour retention on exterior exposure, but it cannot be plasticised with camphor. The main operational boundary is chemical incompatibility with amine-based epoxy hardeners, which deactivate acidic adhesion promoters and can produce gel bodies in mixed solvent systems. For the same reason, addition of amine-functional silanes should be limited to 0.1 phr unless the formulation is specifically designed for room-temperature condensation curing.
