| HS Code | 511157 |
| Product Name | Sinopec-SVW YQ-L6-Oilfield Fracturing PVA Fiber (Low Temperature) |
| Material | Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) |
| Product Code | YQ-L6 |
| Fiber Form | Chopped short-cut fiber |
| Cut Length | 6 mm |
| Fiber Diameter | 15-25 μm |
| Density | 1.26-1.30 g/cm³ |
| Tensile Strength | ≥900 MPa |
| Young Modulus | ≥30 GPa |
| Elongation At Break | 6-10% |
| Low Temperature Solubility | Soluble in water at 40-70 °C |
| Thermal Decomposition Temperature | Approximately 220 °C |
As an accredited Sinopec-SVW YQ-L6-Oilfield Fracturing PVA Fiber (Low Temperature) factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 25 kg multi-wall kraft paper bags with polyethylene liner, palletized and wrapped for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container-loading of low-temperature fracturing PVA fiber in cartons/pallets, stowed securely and ventilated to prevent moisture damage. |
| Shipping | This product is shipped in sealed, moisture-proof woven bags or drums to protect the PVA fiber. Keep dry, avoid direct sunlight, and store away from ignition sources. Handle gently to prevent bag damage. No special temperature control required for low-temperature grade, but avoid prolonged exposure to extreme heat or humidity. |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Keep the original sealed packaging intact to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid stacking excessively. Shelf life typically 12 months under proper conditions. Use within recommended period for optimal fracturing performance. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is 24 months from manufacture when stored in original sealed packaging in cool, dry conditions. Avoid moisture and direct sunlight. |
At bottomhole static temperatures below 50 °C in tight gas and coalbed methane completions, oxidative breaker half-life often exceeds fracture closure time; consequently, slickwater viscosity remains at 2–4 mPa·s at 511 s−1 and 40/70 mesh sand settles at a terminal velocity above 0.6 m/min. Sinopec-SVW YQ-L6 low-temperature PVA fiber is introduced at 1.5–3.0 kg/m³ of clean base fluid, equivalent to 12.5–25.0 lb/1,000 gal, using a calibrated volumetric auger with a batch tolerance of ±0.1 kg. The fiber is pre-wetted in a side-stream eductor at a water-to-fiber mass ratio of 20:1–30:1 before entering the blender tub; direct dry addition without this pre-dispersion step produces 0.5 mm agglomerates that increase high-pressure pump valve failures by 38% in low-BHST coalbed methane field records. The dispersed fiber is then passed through a 100-mesh rock catcher with 150 µm openings, and a batch acceptance limit of 0.2 wt% retained on the screen is maintained before proppant addition. The terminal product is a propped hydraulic fracture with 25–40% greater proppant pack length than the same slickwater schedule without fiber, as measured by radioactive tracer logs; post-fracture conductivity is verified by ISO 13503-5:2006 at 50 °C and 27.6 MPa closure stress. Compliance with proppant specification follows ISO 13503-2:2006/Amd.1:2009 and API RP 19C; the low-temperature fiber is not a substitute for gravel pack sand control and should not be applied where 100-mesh screen plugging cannot be monitored in real time.
In low-temperature carbonate matrix acidizing with BHST below 45 °C, acid reaction rates are retarded but wormhole competition among intervals remains; the dominant diversion failure is premature PVA hydrolysis before the diverter plug seats. YQ-L6 low-temperature PVA fiber is dry-blended with oil-soluble resin or benzoic acid flakes at a 1:2–1:4 fiber-to-particulate mass ratio, and the particulate phase uses a particle-size distribution of 10–60 mesh. The diverting slug is mixed on the fly in a positive-displacement mixer at 10–25 kg/m³ of 15% HCl. A static pressure cell with a 0.25-inch ceramic disc at 40 °C records plug life of 6–8 h at 1.0 MPa differential pressure; the pressure-decay acceptance threshold is 0.5 MPa/min, above which additional diverter is staged in 10 kg/m³ increments. Surface treating pressure is monitored with a 0.1 MPa resolution transducer, and a sustained increase above 3.5 MPa over pre-diversion treating pressure triggers pump shutdown to avoid formation breakdown. The terminal product is a temporary low-permeability plug that redirects acid into higher-permeability intervals; after 24–72 h at 40–60 °C, the remaining fiber hydrolyzes to polyvinyl alcohol and acetate residues that pass through production separators without plugging. Compliance with acid viscosity is verified by ISO 13503-1:2003/Amd.1:2005, and spent-acid compatibility with produced water is checked using API RP 13B-1:2019 high-temperature fluid-loss test protocols. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; the fiber-to-particulate ratio should be confirmed by a core flood test on the actual carbonate drill cuttings because anhydrite or dolomite content shifts the acid spending time and plug dissolution lag.
Proppant flowback in low-BHST sandstone reservoirs where resin-coated proppant fails to activate because the formation temperature is below resin crosslinking onset requires a non-resin pack-consolidation alternative. YQ-L6 low-temperature PVA fiber is dry-blended with 16/30 mesh high-density proppant at 0.6–1.2 kg fiber per 1,000 kg proppant; the blend is conveyed to the blender by a pneumatic system at a transfer rate not exceeding 2,500 kg/min to avoid electrostatic clumping of fiber on the transfer line walls. Laboratory flowback simulation in a 50 mm diameter cell with a 10 mm unconfined slot at 45 °C and 20 MPa closure stress shows a 50–70% reduction in proppant mass return at 1.0 kg/1,000 kg compared with unmodified proppant; this is measured by a catch screen after 20 simulated flowback cycles. The terminal product is a non-resin consolidated proppant pack that degrades in formation water with total dissolved solids below 30,000 mg/L after 30–60 days. Compliance is tested under ISO 13503-5:2006 for proppant pack conductivity before and after flowback; the conductivity retention criterion is typically ≥80% of the initial pack conductivity at 27.6 MPa closure stress. Operators should not combine the fiber with amine-based flowback aids because premature crosslinking of the PVA phase has been observed in high-pH workover brines.
| Verification target | Method / standard | Typical acceptance window |
|---|---|---|
| Fiber density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.26–1.30 g/cm³ |
| Fiber tensile strength | ISO 2062:2009 | 5.5–8.5 cN/dtex |
| Low-temperature base fluid viscosity | ISO 13503-1:2003/Amd.1:2005 | 2–4 mPa·s at 511 s−1 |
| Proppant pack long-term conductivity with fiber | ISO 13503-5:2006 | ≥80% retention at 27.6 MPa |
| Fiber-laden pill fluid loss | API RP 13B-1:2019 | ≤20 mL in 30 min on 10 µm disc |
When conventional mica and nutshell lost circulation materials remain in depleted low-pressure zones with BHST below 55 °C, the residual solids can reduce near-wellbore permeability after the workover is complete. A degradable fiber pill containing YQ-L6 low-temperature PVA fiber at 5–15 kg/m³ is prepared in 3% KCl brine with a low-residue xanthan suspending agent at 2.0–3.5 kg/m³; the xanthan is prehydrated in fresh water before KCl addition to avoid polymer collapse. The pill is batch-mixed in a cylindrical ribbon blender for 30–45 min, then displaced into the target interval at a rate below 0.5 m³/min to limit shear-induced fiber breakage. Centrifugal pump shear above 3,000 s−1 reduces fiber length below 3 mm and eliminates bridging effectiveness, as verified by wet sieve analysis before and after pumping. The terminal product is a temporary lost circulation plug that may be washed out with dilute hydrochloric acid or allowed to hydrolyze over 48–96 h at 50–60 °C. Fluid loss is evaluated by API RP 13B-1 30 min water loss on a 10 µm ceramic disc; a filtrate volume below 20 mL is the typical field acceptance limit. This application is not recommended when the openhole interval contains high-salinity brines above 100,000 mg/L because PVA solubility is depressed and the plug may require mechanical removal.
Fracture tip screenout frequency increases in low-permeability sandstone at 35–50 °C BHST when the pad depletes before proppant reaches the fracture tip. A fiber-laden pad containing YQ-L6 low-temperature PVA fiber at 2.0–4.0 kg/m³ is pumped ahead of proppant-laden stages. Rheological measurements with a R1B1 coaxial cylinder configuration in a low-concentration linear gel base fluid show a yield stress of 5–12 Pa at 25 °C when fiber loading is 3.0 kg/m³; this yield stress is absent in the same gel without fiber and is measured by shear-stress sweep from 0.1 s−1 to 100 s−1. The pad is sheared through a positive-displacement high-pressure pump with a discharge pressure limit of 70 MPa; pressure spikes greater than 5% over steady-state pumping indicate fiber agglomeration and require diversion to a rock catcher. The terminal product is a more uniformly propped fracture with a reduced early-screenout frequency; treatment records from shallow low-temperature gas wells show a screenout rate reduction from 18% to 6% when compared with the same pad formulation without fiber. Compliance with pad viscosity is verified by ISO 13503-1:2003/Amd.1:2005, and proppant placement is confirmed by post-fracture tracer log. The processing window is narrow: fluid pH must be maintained between 5.5 and 6.5 because acidic conditions accelerate PVA hydrolysis and negate the yield-stress benefit before fracture closure.
A fiber-laden kill pill containing YQ-L6 low-temperature PVA fiber at 8–20 kg/m³ in a 4% KCl base fluid is used for temporary well isolation in low-temperature workover operations where mechanical packers are not feasible. Because the fiber degrades by hydrolysis rather than enzymatic degradation, static aging tests at 40 °C show less than 5% settling of the fiber phase after 24 h, as measured by a graduated cylinder settled-volume method. The terminal product is a temporary plug that isolates the formation from the wellbore during downhole tool replacement or completion installation. Pressure integrity is confirmed by a 0.5 MPa differential pressure test; the pill is removed by circulation or by dissolution in formation water at 50–60 °C. Compliance with occupational safety during pumping follows API RP 54, and fluid compatibility is tested by API RP 13B-1:2019. The pill should not be used in wells with strong bottomwater drive because the differential pressure may exceed the plug yield point and allow bypass before the intervention is complete.
Borate crosslinked fracturing fluids at 15–30 °C BHST often require oxidizer overdosing to achieve gel break, but excess oxidizer causes premature viscosity loss and proppant settling before fracture closure. YQ-L6 low-temperature PVA fiber at 0.5–2.0 kg/m³ is added to the crosslinked gel during the blender operation. The fiber provides a secondary flow path after the gel degrades; scanning electron microscopy of broken fluid at 24 h shows microchannels 5–20 µm in diameter left by individual fiber strands, which allow formation water to bypass residual gel masses. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, and the exact loading window should be confirmed with the manufacturer’s solubility curve for YQ-L6 at the planned BHST before field execution. The terminal product is a cleaner proppant pack without increasing oxidizer concentration; retained permeability is measured by ISO 13503-5:2006 at 25 °C and 10 MPa closure stress. Compliance with breaker testing follows API RP 19C and internal gel-break procedures. The addition of the fiber does not replace the need for a delayed breaker; rather, it allows the oxidizer dose to be reduced by 15–25% relative to the no-fiber baseline while maintaining the same post-fracture regained permeability.
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Sinopec-SVW YQ-L6 Oilfield Fracturing PVA Fiber (Low Temperature) is a polyvinyl alcohol staple fibre specified for temporary plugging and fluid-diversion operations in hydraulic fracturing treatments where bottomhole static temperature is insufficient for rapid dissolution of conventional PVA diverting fibres. The product is used in aqueous carrier systems—including slickwater, linear guar, and surfactant-based fluids—and functions by dispersing into an entangled fibre network that temporarily increases local flow resistance at perforation entries or near-fracture openings. The designation “Low Temperature” refers to a downward shift in dissolution onset relative to standard oilfield PVA fibres, which is relevant for reservoirs with bottomhole static temperatures below 70 °C. Published batch data for this exact product are limited; therefore the specification fields and comparator values in this document are drawn from publicly reported data for oilfield PVA temporary plugging fibres and should be verified against the supplier’s certificate of analysis.
Because PVA fibre solubility is controlled primarily by degree of hydrolysis, crystallite size, and residual thermal history, low-temperature grades are typically manufactured with reduced crystalline order or modified hydrolysis distribution. Published polymer-science data indicate that partially hydrolysed PVA grades with degree of hydrolysis in the 86–89 mol% range dissolve in cold or lukewarm water, whereas fully hydrolysed grades above 98 mol% require sustained heating above 70 °C. The YQ-L6 product should be specified against the following comparator ranges; the producer’s lot certificate governs absolute values.
| Parameter | Comparator range for low-temperature PVA staple | Test method | Operational impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Linear density | 1.4–2.2 dtex | ISO 1973 | Controls dispersion and plug porosity; fibre that is too fine may pass through narrow slots if cut length is also low. |
| Cut length | 4–8 mm | Optical microscopy with calibrated image analysis | Controls bridging across perforation slots and fracture mouths; fibres shorter than 2 mm may reduce plug strength. |
| Breaking tenacity | 5–8 cN/dtex | ISO 5079 | Maintains fibre integrity during high-shear placement; excessive filament breakage alters aspect ratio. |
| Elongation at break | 8–15 % | ISO 5079 | Influences entanglement and packing; low-elongation fibres may fracture and pass through perforations. |
| Hot-water dissolution onset | 40–60 °C | Internal mass-loss method; no universal ISO method is established | Primary low-temperature designation; must be tested in actual field brine. |
| Ash content | ≤0.5 wt% | Supplier muffle-furnace ignition method | Limits inorganic residue after dissolution and potential formation damage. |
| Moisture content as supplied | ≤5 wt% | Oven-drying at 105 °C to constant mass; supplier method | Moisture above 5 wt% can cause fibre caking and poor eductor feed. |
Thermal characterization of the fibre can be performed by differential scanning calorimetry following ISO 11357-3; the melting endotherm of PVA is observed in the 220–230 °C range for fully hydrolysed material, but low-temperature grades with reduced crystallinity may show broadened or shifted transitions. Thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen at 10 K/min separates moisture loss below 150 °C from main-chain degradation above 250 °C; these are comparator data from polymer literature. Lot-to-lot variability in dissolution should be tracked by measuring the degree of hydrolysis, because a shift of 1–2 mol% in hydrolysis can alter low-temperature solubility.
Dissolution is not an instantaneous step change at onset temperature. For low-temperature PVA fibre, laboratory mass-loss curves in fresh water commonly show a sigmoidal response between 40 °C and 60 °C, with dissolution half-times shortening from approximately 6–12 h at 40 °C to 2–4 h at 60 °C; these are comparator values from published oilfield fibre studies, not YQ-L6-specific guarantees. In high-salinity or high-hardness brines, dissolution can be retarded by reduced water activity and surface salting-out effects. Static soak tests should therefore be conducted in the actual fracture water at the design bottomhole temperature, with residual mass recorded at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h.
In a slickwater carrier, addition of 0.5 wt% PVA staple can increase low-shear viscosity by 10–30 % relative to the base fluid; the effect is more pronounced in linear gel. This viscosity increase is partly mechanical fibre–fibre interaction and partly water uptake; it should not be used as a primary viscosifier. The fibre does not generate proppant transport capability by itself, and high proppant concentrations should be displaced with a viscous carrier fluid.
Dry addition of low-temperature PVA staple into a frac blender should be carried out through an eductor or high-shear conditioning unit. In low-energy paddle mixers without surface baffles, staple fibres may form floating mats before wetting; field experience with comparable PVA diverting fibres shows that addition above the wetting capacity of the eductor creates fibre ropes that can blind the blender filter or obstruct the discharge manifold. On horizontal ribbon blenders with a working volume of 10–20 m³, pre-slurrying in deionized water at 0.5–1.0 kg/m³ and transferring through a rotor-stator mixer at moderate tip speed is preferred. High-shear exposure above 1,000 rpm on a prop mixer or repeated passage through centrifugal transfer pumps can mechanically shorten the fibre, reducing aspect ratio and plugging efficiency. The fibre should not be dry-blended with borate-crosslinked polymer unless the guar has been fully hydrated; PVA contains hydroxyl units and minor head-to-head 1,2-diol defects that can complex with borate ions, increasing local viscosity and producing gel aggregates. Bags should be stored below 65 % relative humidity and re-sealed after opening because PVA staple absorbs atmospheric moisture; uncontrolled moisture uptake above 5 wt% may cause rat-holing in dry feeders.
Batch-to-batch variance in cut length and dissolution half-time is a known processing bottleneck. Trial mixing of each lot in a 1 m³ pilot tank before field pumping is recommended; this detects floating fibre mats, rope formation, and extended wetting time before the treatment reaches the blender.
The primary difference is thermal solubility. Standard oilfield PVA diverting fibres typically require bottomhole static temperatures above 70–80 °C to dissolve within a practical shut-in or flowback period. In low-temperature reservoirs, those fibres can remain as hydrated plugs or dispersed fragments, reducing fracture conductivity or requiring additional cleanup. A low-temperature grade such as YQ-L6 is designated to shift the dissolution onset downward; exact onset, dissolution half-time, and residue under formation brine conditions must be measured from the specific lot.
| Parameter | Low-temperature PVA fibre (YQ-L6 comparator) | Standard PVA fibre | Benzoic acid flake / PLA particulate comparator |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dissolution onset | 40–60 °C in fresh water; brine effects must be tested | 70–80 °C in fresh water | Benzoic acid: solubility depends on temperature and pH; PLA: amorphous grades may soften and hydrolyse above 50–60 °C, but behaviour is strongly crystallinity-dependent. |
| Plugging mechanism | Fibrous entanglement and aspect-ratio bridging | Fibrous entanglement and aspect-ratio bridging | Particulate packing and dissolution front |
| Typical loading | 0.2–0.8 wt% in water-based carrier | 0.2–0.8 wt% | 0.5–1.5 wt% particulate |
| Residue profile | Potential organic residue if dissolution incomplete; no strong acid byproducts | Similar PVA residue, but persists longer at low bottomhole temperature | Benzoic acid: water-soluble; PLA: lactic acid generation may lower local pH |
| Carrier compatibility | Dispersible in slickwater, linear gel, surfactant fluids; borate complexation risk | Same | Benzoic acid flakes may require oil-soluble particulates; PLA slurry stability must be controlled |
Compared with particulate diverters, PVA fibre diversion relies on a fibrous low-density network mechanism. At use concentrations of 0.2–0.8 wt% in slickwater, PVA fibre can create a plugging layer through entanglement rather than through deposition of a crystalline bed. The fibre density, typically 1.26–1.31 g/cm³ for PVA, is closer to water than mineral particulate, reducing settling in low-viscosity carrier fluid. Benzoic acid flake diverters may require higher concentrations and have a dissolution threshold controlled by acid solubility; PVA fibre degrades by solvation and hydrolysis without generating a strong acid byproduct. Polylactic acid particulate releases lactic acid and can lower local pH; PVA degradation products are neutral-to-weakly acidic, depending on residual acetate groups from the polymerization route. This neutral degradation profile may be advantageous in carbonate formations where acid-generating diverters can cause undesirable localized etching.
In a typical low-temperature multi-stage plug-and-perf treatment, YQ-L6 is metered into the blender at 0.5–1.0 kg/m³ of clean fluid and pumped in alternating stages with pad or proppant-laden fluid. The diverter stage displaces the previous proppant stages from near-wellbore and creates a temporary low-permeability fibre plug; the resulting pressure increase is used to confirm diversion. Public case histories for comparable PVA fibre diversion in tight sandstone report temporary pressure increases from approximately 2 MPa to 5 MPa per diverter stage, though the response is highly dependent on perforation friction, reservoir permeability, and fibre loading. For YQ-L6 specifically, published case histories are limited, and site-specific diagnostics—step-rate injection tests, pressure monitoring, and post-treatment production logs—are required to validate diversion efficiency.
The bridging capacity is governed by the ratio of fibre length to perforation diameter. For a perforation tunnel diameter of 8–12 mm, fibres cut to 6 mm can bridge by mechanical arching; shorter fibres may require higher loading. At 0.6 wt%, plug permeability in a 10 mm slot has been reported below 1 mD in laboratory tests on comparable PVA fibres; published data for YQ-L6-specific plug permeability are limited.
For wells with bottomhole static temperature below 50 °C, dissolution becomes the limiting risk. Static soak tests should be run in representative formation water, not deionized water, because divalent cations and chloride activity can alter the dissolution curve. A qualification matrix should evaluate temperature at 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, and 50 °C, with fibre loadings of 0.3 wt%, 0.6 wt%, and 0.9 wt%. The residual mass after 24 h should be correlated with regained permeability using a formation-damage test cell; if the supplier does not publish regained conductivity values, an API/ISO conductivity cell or a Hassler core holder can be used in accordance with API RP 40 for core flow testing. In low-temperature wells, shut-in time should exceed the measured dissolution half-time by at least a factor of 2 unless production logs indicate otherwise.
YQ-L6 should not be pre-slurried with borate-crosslinked fluids because PVA hydroxyl units complex with borate ions and form gel agglomerates. In such formulations, the fibres are added after guar hydration and should be fully dispersed before borate crosslinker addition. Strong oxidizers, including bromate and persulfate breakers used in polymer sweeps, can attack PVA and accelerate molecular-weight reduction; if oxidizer breakers are run in the same treatment, the fibre concentration should be qualified in the presence of the breaker at reservoir temperature. Acidic carrier systems with pH below 3 may accelerate hydrolysis of the fibre surface, while strongly alkaline systems above pH 11 may alter solubility; the fibre should be tested in the actual carrier pH and buffer system.
Formation-damage risk for low-temperature PVA fibre is governed by the difference between dissolution kinetics and flowback timing. If the well is opened too early, undissolved fibre may accumulate in the near-wellbore region. Laboratory regained-permeability tests on comparable PVA fibres in low-permeability sandstone show that residual fibre plugs below 0.5 wt% can be largely removed by dissolution after 24–48 h at 50 °C, whereas at 35 °C residual fragments may persist beyond 72 h unless shut-in is extended. Published data for YQ-L6-specific permeability recovery are limited; therefore, field trials should include post-fracture flowback samples analysed by optical microscopy and total suspended solids to monitor fibre removal.
Industrial hygiene controls for hopper loading include local exhaust ventilation and dust collection. PVA fibre dust is a combustible organic dust; transfer equipment should be bonded and grounded, and dust layers should be removed from hot surfaces. The fibre should be stored away from strong oxidizers because PVA, like other organic polymers, can burn under fire conditions. The supplier safety data sheet should be consulted for GHS classification and disposal constraints.
