| HS Code | 699899 |
| Chemical Base | Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) copolymer |
| Physical State | Waterborne liquid dispersion |
| Solids Content | 50-55% |
| Viscosity | 8000-15000 mPa·s at 25°C |
| Ph | 4.5-6.5 |
| Density | 1.05-1.10 g/cm³ |
| Application Temperature | 15-35°C |
| Open Time | 5-15 minutes |
| Setting Time | 20-40 minutes |
| Bond Strength | High, often achieves substrate-tearing failure |
| Film Appearance | Clear and colorless when dried |
| Water Resistance | Limited, suitable for interior dry applications |
| Shelf Life | 6-12 months in unopened containers |
| Voc Content | Low, typically below 50 g/L |
As an accredited PVAc Dry Lamination Adhesive factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | PVAc Dry Lamination Adhesive is supplied in 50 kg sealed plastic drums, ensuring safe handling, storage, and protection from moisture. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Loaded in a 20-ft FCL on pallets, shrink-wrapped and secured with straps to ensure stability and safe transport. |
| Shipping | PVAc Dry Lamination Adhesive is shipped in sealed drums, pails, or IBC totes to prevent moisture contamination and spillage. It is typically non-hazardous for transport, but should be protected from freezing, excessive heat, and direct sunlight. Keep containers upright, properly labeled, and secure during transit. |
| Storage | Store PVAc Dry Lamination Adhesive in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and ignition. Keep containers tightly closed when not in use. Avoid freezing; ideal storage temperature is 5–35°C. Use within manufacturer’s stated shelf life, typically 6–12 months, and keep away from incompatible materials. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 6 months from production when stored sealed, cool, and protected from freezing. |
Commercial PVAc dry-lamination grades with solids of 45–55%, pH of 4.0–5.0, and Brookfield RVT viscosity of 2000–4000 mPa·s at 20 rpm are applied to printed solid bleached sulfate board by 120–180 lines/cm engraved roller at dry coat weights of 6–12 g/m². The wet film enters an air-flotation oven at 70–90 °C for 4–8 s, leaving a residual moisture of 0.5–2.0%; the tacky PVAc layer is then nipped to an unprinted board web at roll temperatures of 60–80 °C and linear nip loads of 40–80 N/cm. Under T-peel testing according to ASTM D1876-08(2015)e1, the failure mode on clay-coated SBS shifts from clean adhesive separation to paper substrate tear when the dry coat weight exceeds approximately 4 g/m², although the exact threshold depends on board porosity and coating binder level. At line speeds above 150 m/min, blocking at the winder and web-tracking instability become the dominant process limits, particularly when the dried PVAc film temperature exceeds 40 °C at reel-up.
Because PVAc homopolymer dried films have a glass transition temperature near 28–42 °C, internal plasticization or comonomer modification is often adjusted to allow heat activation below 90 °C. Minimum film-forming temperatures for commercial PVAc dry-lamination dispersions are commonly specified at 5–10 °C; below this range the dried film cannot coalesce into a continuous adhesive layer and bond strength drops sharply. For folding cartons intended for dry food packaging, compliance with FDA 21 CFR 175.105 is required for the adhesive component, while paperboard compliance falls under FDA 21 CFR 176.170. The adhesive must not be blended with cationic starches, amine-containing defoamers, or high-pH additives, because pH above 7 destabilises the PVAc emulsion and produces precipitates that block engraved roller cells and reduce transfer consistency.
In flat-lamination of 0.6–1.5 mm wood veneer to 16–18 mm MDF or particleboard, PVAc dry-lamination adhesive is applied to the core at 80–120 g/m² wet, dried to a transparent tack film, and then covered with the face veneer before cold pressing. Core moisture content is maintained at 8–12%; when veneer moisture exceeds 14%, water transfers into the dried PVAc film, plasticises the interface, and shifts the failure locus from cohesive wood-fibre tear to interfacial delamination under the 180° peel test. Production presses operating at 0.5–1.0 N/mm² and 20–30 °C for 20–40 min typically achieve D1 or D2 service levels under EN 204:2016, whereas D3 classification for interior occasional water exposure requires a crosslinked PVAc system, commonly a PVAc/UF hybrid or an addition of acid hardener at 3–5%. Open assembly time for a standard PVAc dry-lamination film is 8–15 min at 20 °C and 65% RH; at 30 °C and 40% RH, the open time falls below 5 min, creating adhesion failure when the veneer is not placed within the activation window. Storage below 0 °C destroys the emulsion, and thawed material exhibits phase separation and unrecoverable coagulum that cannot be remixed by shear.
| Standard | Scope | Relevant parameter or condition |
|---|---|---|
| FDA 21 CFR 175.105 | Adhesives for food packaging | Component limitations and good manufacturing practice |
| FDA 21 CFR 176.170 | Paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods | Chloroform-soluble extractives and net residue limits |
| EN 204:2016 | Classification of thermoplastic wood adhesives for non-structural applications | D1, D2, D3, D4 conditioning sequences |
| EN 205:2016 | Test methods for wood adhesives for non-structural applications | Tensile shear strength after specified conditioning |
| ASTM D1876-08(2015)e1 | T-peel resistance of adhesives | Peel force per unit width at 23 °C |
| TAPPI T 494 om-13 | Tensile breaking properties of paper and paperboard | MD/CD tensile strength and elongation |
Rigid-box covering lines that laminate 100–150 g/m² printed paper to gray board at 40–80 m/min use PVAc dry-lamination grades whose rheology is adjusted with cellulosic thickeners to 2500–4000 mPa·s Brookfield RVT spindle 3 at 20 rpm. The adhesive is transferred by engraved roller, dried to a non-blocking film with residual moisture below 1.5%, and then activated through a heated nip at 55–75 °C and 30–60 N/cm linear pressure. Warp is controlled by symmetrical board construction or by conditioning the laminated sheet at 22–25 °C and 50–60% RH for 24–48 h; unbalanced moisture gain greater than 2% across the sheet produces concave curl that cannot be corrected by repressing without fiber damage. Board surface pH below 6 retards PVAc film coalescence and reduces wet tack, while board surface pH above 8 can destabilise the acidic emulsion at the coat-weight transfer roller.
When 6–9 µm aluminium foil is laminated to 80 g/m² uncoated paper for barrier wraps, PVAc dry-lamination adhesive is applied to the paper at 4–8 g/m² dry, dried in a 3–5 m tunnel at 80–100 °C, and bonded at 70–90 °C nip temperature with 80–120 N/cm load. Peel strength under ASTM D1876-08(2015)e1 is lower than that of polyurethane-based dry-lamination systems; published data for unprimed aluminium foil in this specific configuration is limited, so line trials typically establish a target T-peel range of 1.0–2.5 N/15 mm at 23 °C. Corona pre-treatment of the foil to surface energy above 50 mN/m is required to displace residual rolling oils and ensure wet-out; without treatment, the failure locus remains at the foil-adhesive interface and peel values drop below 0.8 N/15 mm. Blocking at the reel occurs when the dried PVAc film enters the winder above 40 °C, so chill rollers at 15–20 °C are placed between the nip station and the rewind section.
| Substrate pair | Dry coat weight | Nip temperature | Nip load | Line speed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Printed SBS to SBS | 6–12 g/m² | 60–80 °C | 40–80 N/cm | 80–150 m/min |
| Wood veneer to MDF | 80–120 g/m² wet | 20–30 °C cold press | 0.5–1.0 N/mm² | batch press |
| Paper to aluminium foil | 4–8 g/m² dry | 70–90 °C | 80–120 N/cm | 40–100 m/min |
| Spiral tube plies | 20–35 g/m² wet | 60–70 °C IR | mandrel winding | 40–80 m/min |
Spiral tube winding for composite cores and paper cans applies PVAc dry-lamination adhesive via transfer roller to multiple paper plies at 20–35 g/m² wet; the adhesive film is preheated by inline IR panels to 60–70 °C immediately before the winding mandrel, reducing tack time to 2–4 s and increasing immediate tube crush resistance. High-shear viscosity above 100 mPa·s at 20 000 s⁻¹ causes stringing and web breaks on high-speed winding lines, while values below 50 mPa·s permit excessive penetration into the paper and starve the bond line. The adhesive solids are normally held at 50–55% to limit ply deformation from water absorption; paper tensile properties are measured according to TAPPI T 494 om-13, and flat crush resistance of the finished core is evaluated under ISO 11093-9:2019. Batch-to-batch variation in PVAc particle size and thickening efficiency is more visible on tube-winding lines than on flat laminators because the short mandrel residence time leaves little tolerance for viscosity drift exceeding ±15% of the target value.
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Polyvinyl acetate–based dry lamination adhesive systems are supplied as one-part waterborne dispersions for roll-coating application to a primary web, followed by oven drying to a dry, clear, thermoplastic film that is subsequently reactivated under heat and pressure. A representative grade, PVAc-DLA 2050, is formulated as a colloid-stabilized vinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion with a dry solids content of 49–53% and a Brookfield viscosity of 12,000–18,000 mPa·s at 23 °C when measured with spindle 3 at 20 rpm in accordance with ISO 2555:2018. The product is intended for dry lamination of paper, paperboard, wood veneer, and rigid PVC films to MDF, particleboard, rigid polyurethane foam, and cellulosic composites. The dried adhesive layer is formulated to be non-blocking at ambient temperatures below 35 °C and to develop bond strength only after heat reactivation at 55–75 °C under nip pressure.
The dispersion is stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid and buffered to a pH of 4.0–5.5 per ISO 976:2013. Minimum film-forming temperature, determined by ISO 2115:2000, falls between 3 °C and 5 °C, which permits clean film coalescence in unheated coaters but requires protection from frost during storage and transport. The dried film is approximately 42–46 µm thick at a wet film add-on of 90–100 µm; at this thickness the film has a water vapour transmission rate of 12–18 g/m²·day at 23 °C and 50% RH, measured on free films by the desiccant method of ISO 2528:2017. Batch-to-batch viscosity variation under plant-floor conditions is typically ±1,500 mPa·s at 23 °C; high-shear mixing in bulk storage tanks can reduce apparent viscosity by 5–10% due to pseudoplastic recovery below 1 h after agitation ceases.
| Property | Test method | Representative value |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | visual inspection | white, free-flowing dispersion |
| Dry solids content | ISO 3251:2022, 2 h at 105 °C | 49–53% |
| Brookfield viscosity, 23 °C, spindle 3, 20 rpm | ISO 2555:2018 | 12,000–18,000 mPa·s |
| pH | ISO 976:2013 | 4.0–5.5 |
| Density, 23 °C | ISO 2811-1:2023 | 1.06–1.10 g/cm³ |
| Minimum film-forming temperature | ISO 2115:2000 | 3–5 °C |
| Open time at 23 °C/50% RH, 120 g/m² wet on absorbent paper | manufacturer internal method with finger-tack probe | 3–6 min |
| Reactivation temperature at nip | thermocouple-equipped heated nip | 55–75 °C |
| Shelf life in sealed original container, 5–30 °C | internal stability protocol | 12 months |
On high-speed laminating lines processing 900 mm wide printed paper to 2 mm greyboard, wet film add-on is typically 45–60 g/m² on the paper web. A two-roll differential-speed roller coater with a 55–65 Shore A metering roll and a chrome-plated application roll transfers the dispersion without foaming at line speeds up to 40 m/min. The coated web enters a tunnel dryer with jet impingement nozzles set to 60–65 °C discharge air; residence time of 20–30 s reduces residual moisture to below 0.8 wt% by Karl Fischer titration. The dried web is wound with interleaving paper or cooled below 35 °C to prevent blocking. Final bonding to greyboard occurs through a heated nip at 70–75 °C and 0.4–0.6 N/mm², with dwell time of 2–4 s. T-peel bond strength measured per ISO 11339:2022 on conditioned specimens falls between 3.5 N/25 mm and 5.0 N/25 mm, with fibre tear exceeding 80% when the greyboard is uncoated.
Compared with one-part solventborne polyurethane laminating adhesives, the PVAc system carries no free isocyanate and no organic solvent; VOC content determined by ISO 11890-2:2020 is below 10 g/L. Solventborne polyurethane systems typically generate initial T-peel values above 8 N/25 mm on plasticized PVC, but require explosion-proof dryers and longer solvent removal profiles. Relative to EVA hot-melt lamination, PVAc dry lamination provides a longer reactivation window of 3–6 min after drying, allowing intermediate storage of coated rolls before final nip bonding. EVA hot melts cool and solidify within seconds and are limited by thermal degradation of tackifying resins during repeated heating cycles. Waterborne polyurethane dispersions offer higher plasticizer resistance and hydrolytic stability than PVAc, but their film-forming temperatures and solids-viscosity relationships require more precise drying control on absorbent substrates.
| Parameter | PVAc-DLA 2050 | Solventborne polyurethane | EVA hot melt |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carrier | water | ethyl acetate/methyl ethyl ketone blend | none |
| VOC content, ISO 11890-2:2020 | <10 g/L | >500 g/L | <1 g/L |
| Reactivation window at 23 °C | 3–6 min | immediate after drying | 5–15 s |
| Adhesion to rigid PVC with 15 phr plasticizer, ISO 11339:2022 | 4.0–6.0 N/25 mm | 8.0–12.0 N/25 mm | 3.0–5.0 N/25 mm |
| Continuous service temperature | −10 °C to 50 °C | −20 °C to 90 °C | −10 °C to 70 °C |
| Water immersion resistance | limited; not recommended beyond D1/D2 conditions per DIN EN 204:2016 | good | good |
High-velocity air impingement dryers operating above 70 °C on low-porosity coated paper or rigid PVC film can cause surface skin formation before internal water has diffused through the drying PVAc layer. The resulting skin layer traps residual moisture, which later expands during nip reactivation and produces micro-blister defects in transparent film laminates. On line trials with 1,200 mm wide web and jet nozzle air velocity of 8 m/s, peel strength measured by ASTM D1876-08 decreased from 4.8 N/25 mm to below 2.5 N/25 mm when dryer discharge air was increased from 65 °C to 80 °C at constant residence time. The failure mode shifted from fibre tear to cohesive failure within the adhesive film. To avoid this process conflict, the wet film add-on should be limited to 55 µm wet thickness on low-porosity substrates, or dryer humidity should be maintained above 15 g/kg dry air to reduce evaporation rate and allow uniform film coalescence. A two-stage dryer profile of 50 °C for 10 s followed by 65 °C for 15 s is recommended where blistering is observed.
For rigid PVC edge banding lamination to 18 mm MDF, the adhesive is applied at 40–55 µm wet film thickness to the MDF edge surface using a precision roller coater equipped with a 60 Shore A metering roll. The coated panel enters a short-wave infrared drying tunnel set to 60–65 °C surface temperature; after cooling to below 40 °C, the pre-coated panel can be stored for up to 24 h before heat reactivation at 70–75 °C and 0.4 N/mm² nip pressure for 20–30 s. 90° peel strength per ISO 11339:2022 typically falls between 4.0 N/25 mm and 6.0 N/25 mm when the PVC film contains less than 15 phr monomeric plasticizer. At plasticizer levels above 20 phr, migration into the dried PVAc interlayer within 7 days at 60 °C reduces cohesive strength and produces a tacky interlayer; published peel-strength data for this specific configuration is limited and field qualification is required.
At ambient relative humidity above 60%, drying of a 45 µm wet film on low-porosity substrates is retarded because water vapour transport at the film-air interface is suppressed. Forced-air supply with a dew point below 5 °C and a web speed reduction of 20–30% are required to maintain residual moisture below 0.8 wt% by Karl Fischer titration. Pre-drying of hygroscopic substrates such as paperboard to 6–8% moisture content is required to prevent steam-generated bubbles at the nip. The adhesive should not be combined with ammonia-based additives, zinc oxide, or calcium carbonate fillers above 5 wt% on dry solids, because alkaline substances disturb the protective colloid and can cause coagulation. Freeze-thaw cycles below 0 °C are not tolerated; product that has been frozen should be discarded, as repeated cycles above 3 cause irreversible viscosity increase and screen-coater plugging.
Coated stock stored in summer warehouse conditions at 35–40 °C can exhibit a shortened reactivation window because the dried PVAc film gradually absorbs ambient moisture and becomes tackier. Blocking resistance under a static load of 10 kPa at 35 °C for 24 h is retained only when the coated web is wound below 35 °C and protected with a release liner or interleaving paper. In production-scale batch operations, coated boards stacked without spacers at temperatures above 32 °C have shown edge blocking and adhesive transfer to the uncoated face. This failure is intensified when the adhesive film thickness exceeds 50 µm dry coat weight; limiting dry film weight to 45–48 g/m² improves block resistance without sacrificing peel strength.
Indirect food-contact compliance can be established under 21 CFR 175.105 when the dried adhesive film is separated from food by a functional barrier or is used in an application where contact with food is incidental. The product is manufactured under ISO 9001:2015 quality-management conditions and is listed for use under the European Union REACH framework in accordance with Regulation 1907/2006/EC. Low-VOC formulation with <10 g/L per ISO 11890-2:2020 supports indoor air quality criteria under AgBB and M1 classification schemes. The absence of published data for high-temperature retort food-contact applications is a qualification boundary, not an approval.
