| HS Code | 301096 |
| Solid Content | 50-55% |
| Viscosity | 3000-8000 cps (Brookfield) |
| Ph | 4.5-6.5 |
| Particle Size | 0.5-2 microns |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature | 5-10°C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 10-20°C |
| Density | 1.05-1.10 g/cm³ |
| Shelf Life | 12 months at 5-35°C |
| Freeze Thaw Stability | stable up to 5 cycles |
| Mechanical Stability | good |
| Adhesion | excellent to wood, paper, and fabric |
| Water Resistance | moderate |
| Appearance | white milky liquid |
| Residual Monomer | <0.1% |
| Film Flexibility | flexible and clear film |
As an accredited High Solid PVAc Emulsion factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Available in 200 kg drums; sealed plastic-lined containers to prevent moisture loss and contamination. Store upright. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | High Solid PVAc Emulsion loaded in 20′ FCL, packed in drums on pallets, secured, and protected from freezing. |
| Shipping | Ship High Solid PVAc Emulsion in lined drums, IBC totes, or bulk tankers. Protect containers from freezing, extreme heat, and physical damage. Ensure secure bracing to prevent leakage. Material is generally non-hazardous, but avoid skin/eye contact. Store upright in ventilated area; transport dry, covered, and away from incompatible substances. |
| Storage | Store High Solid PVAc Emulsion in sealed, airtight containers to prevent skinning and contamination. Keep in a cool, dry area away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures, ideally between 5°C and 35°C. Avoid freezing. Ensure proper ventilation and rotate stock to use within the manufacturer's specified shelf life. Stir before use. |
| Shelf Life | Store in a cool, dry place, protected from frost. Shelf life is typically 6–12 months from production date when sealed. |
In flat lamination and veneer bonding of wood-based panels, high-solids polyvinyl acetate emulsion with solids content 55–65% and Brookfield RVT viscosity 8,000–25,000 mPa·s at 25°C is transferred by hard-rubber or steel roller coater at 80–120 g/m² to 0.5–1.0 mm rotary-cut beech, oak, or reconstructed veneer. The base formulation is compounded from 100 parts by weight high-solids PVAc, 5–15 parts calcium carbonate or wood flour, 2–6 parts dibenzoate or triacetin plasticizer, 0.1–0.5 parts alkali-swellable associative thickener, and 0.05–0.2 parts benzisothiazolinone-based biocide; pH is maintained between 4.0 and 5.5. For interior D2 and D3 bondlines under EN 204:2016 and EN 205:2016, an external crosslinker based on polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate or melamine-formaldehyde resin is metered into the emulsion at 2–5 parts immediately before application; pot life at 20°C is 30–60 min for isocyanate-modified systems, so continuous coating operations use inline static mixers and jacketed feed vessels. Pressing is performed in hydraulic multi-daylight presses at 0.7–1.2 N/mm² for 15–40 min cold, or in short-cycle heated presses at 80–90°C platen temperature for 3–5 min. Bondline shear strength is tested according to ASTM D905-08e1 and ASTM D5751-99(2012); typical dry shear values for beech exceed 10 N/mm² with wood failure above 60%, whereas published data for high-solids PVAc alone in D4 water-immersion configurations is limited because acetate ester hydrolysis under continuous water contact reduces durability unless the formulation is co-reacted with phenolic or isocyanate modifiers. Finished components include veneered MDF and particleboard panels, wood-faced door skins, laminated shelving, and cabinet side panels. Equipment contact surfaces should be stainless steel or polypropylene; untreated carbon steel and aluminium are unsuitable because the acidic emulsion releases acetic acid during recirculation.
| Classification | Crosslinker addition | Filler loading | Pressing condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| D2 | 0–1 parts | 5–15 parts | 0.7–1.0 N/mm² cold 15–30 min |
| D3 | 2–5 parts | 5–15 parts | 0.8–1.2 N/mm² cold 20–40 min or 80–90°C hot 3–5 min |
REACH compliance under (EC) No 1907/2006 requires that the isocyanate crosslinker and benzisothiazolinone biocide be disclosed in section 3 of the extended safety data sheet when blended on-site.
High-speed carton side-seam bonding places two conflicting demands on the adhesive: shear stability under wheel applicators and immediate fibre-tearing wet tack on clay-coated and uncoated cartonboard. The high-solids PVAc emulsion used in this process is compounded at 100 parts by weight with 3–8 parts triacetin or benzoate plasticizer, 0.05–0.2 parts polyether siloxane defoamer, and 0.1–0.5 parts nonionic wetting agent, yielding a Brookfield viscosity of 2,000–5,000 mPa·s at 25°C and a pH range of 4.0–5.0. Compliance for packaging adhesives in indirect food contact is evaluated under FDA 21 CFR 175.105 and 176.170/176.180, with European migration obligations under EU 1935/2004 and EU 10/2011 where the adhesive forms part of a multilayer board. Downstream converting lines run at 150–400 m/min; adhesive is applied by wheel applicator or needle nozzle at 15–40 g/m², compressed between side seam and body stock at 2–5 N/cm² belt pressure, and must transition from open time 3–8 s to fibre-tearing set within 5–15 s. Amine-based wetting agents should be avoided because they raise pH above 6.5 and trigger viscosity drift and acetate hydrolysis. Terminal carton and wrapper products include folding cartons, side-seam bonded wrappers, rigid set-up boxes, tea envelope over-strips, and multi-wall sack laminations.
Perfect binding lines running at 4,000–8,000 cycles/h impose a narrow open-time/set-time balance on the adhesive film, because the binder spine must remain open for cover application yet develop sufficient initial strength before the clamp releases. High-solids PVAc emulsion for bookbinding is formulated from 100 parts by weight base polymer, 2–6 parts plasticizer, 0–10 parts rosin ester or hydrocarbon tackifier dispersion, 1–3 parts glycerin or sorbitol humectant, and 0.1–0.3 parts benzisothiazolinone or methylisothiazolinone biocide. Substrate internal bond strength is commonly qualified by ISO 11800:1998; adhesive film peel resistance is determined by ASTM D903-98(2017), and European REACH compliance applies under (EC) No 1907/2006. Application on perfect binders is performed with spine glue rollers at 200–350 g/m² and side glue nozzles at 50–100 g/m²; clamp pressure is maintained at 2–4 bar for 10–30 s, after which the block enters the cover press. Low-temperature flexibility of the unmodified homopolymer is limited; below 10°C book joints may crack under repeated opening, so plasticizer dosage at the upper end of the 2–6 parts range is used for export cartons exposed to cold-chain distribution. Finished products include paperback perfect-bound books, hardcover casings, side-glued magazines, notebooks, and thermal-hardcover catalog blocks.
Plug wrap adhesive application on filter makers running at 400–800 m/min requires the high-solids PVAc emulsion to pass through slot nozzles 0.3–0.8 mm wide with minimal misting and immediate wet tack after forming. The adhesive is compounded from 100 parts by weight high-solids PVAc, 2–4 parts benzoate or triacetin plasticizer, 2–5 parts fully hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol solution, and 0.02–0.1 parts silicone-free defoamer; target Brookfield viscosity is 1,000–2,500 mPa·s at 25°C with solids content 60–65%. Compliance for indirect food-contact paper components is assessed under FDA 21 CFR 175.105, 176.170, and REACH (EC) No 1907/2006; no amine-containing coalescents are used because they raise pH above 6.0 and destabilise viscosity. On high-speed filter rod machines, the adhesive is applied as a continuous seam line onto plug wrap paper, compressed by heated rollers at 60–90°C for less than 2 s, and cut into filter rod segments. A viscosity drift of more than ±200 mPa·s from the target can produce seam separation, sling, or excessive penetration into the paper. Terminal products include cellulose acetate filter rods, carbon dual-segment filter segments, slim filter tubes, and mouthpiece overwrap bonds for heat-not-burn devices.
In spiral tube winding, the adhesive film is exposed to high shear between the doctor blade and moving paper web before entering the nip, so shear stability rather than low shear viscosity determines transfer uniformity. High-solids PVAc emulsion for spiral tube lamination is mixed from 100 parts by weight base polymer, 2–5 parts triacetin or benzoate plasticizer, 5–10 parts calcium carbonate, and 0.1–0.3 parts nonionic wetting agent; Brookfield viscosity at 25°C is 2,500–6,000 mPa·s. Dimensional tolerances for the finished cores are checked according to ISO 11093-4:2022, and the adhesive must remain below 20% viscosity loss after 10 min continuous recirculation in the coating pan to avoid ply slippage. The spiral winder operates at 80–120 m/min, applying 20–50 g/m² per ply through a contact roll or doctor-blade station; nip pressure is 3–6 bar, web tension is 0.3–0.8 kN/m, and mandrel surface temperature is held at 20–30°C by thermostatic water circulation. Strongly alkaline cleaning agents must not be used in the coating pan because acetate hydrolysis accelerates above pH 8.0. Terminal products include paper cores, spiral tubes, composite cans, yarn carriers, and cardboard shaft cores.
Parquet and engineered wood flooring adhesive systems based on high-solids PVAc are trowel-applied at 800–1,200 g/m² using a notched trowel with 6 mm triangular or square notching, and the formulation is filled with 20–30 parts calcium carbonate per 100 parts by weight high-solids PVAc, 3–6 parts plasticizer, 0.3–0.6 parts high-shear associative thickener, and 0.1–0.3 parts biocide. Regulatory and performance compliance is established under EN 14293:2006 and ISO 17178:2013 for parquet bonding adhesives; shear strength development is also monitored by ASTM D905-08e1 on wood-to-wood lap specimens. The adhesive open time at 20°C and 50–60% RH is 20–30 min, working time is 30–45 min, and the installed floor is compressed with roller pressure for 15 min before full bond strength is reached after 24 h. Substrate moisture content for cementitious subfloors must be ≤2.5% by calcium carbide method; application below 10°C or above pH 8.0 is not recommended because film formation is impaired or acetate hydrolysis is accelerated. Finished products include solid wood parquet, engineered wood flooring, cork tiles, and wooden stair treads.
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A high-solids poly(vinyl acetate) emulsion is an aqueous colloidal dispersion of poly(vinyl acetate) homopolymer in which the nonvolatile fraction is raised to 60–65% by mass. Industrial grades in this class are commonly identified by nominal nonvolatile content, such as 60 or 65; the product described here is a 62–64% solids, poly(vinyl alcohol)-stabilized grade intended for wood laminating, paper converting, and packaging adhesives. The material appears as a white, medium-viscosity liquid with a pH of 4.0–5.5 when tested according to ISO 976:2013. Brookfield viscosity at 25 °C is typically 8,000–25,000 mPa·s using spindle 4 at 20 rpm under ASTM D2196-20. Density is 1.07–1.10 g/cm³ by ASTM D1475-13(2020), and minimum film formation temperature is 14–18 °C by ASTM D2354-10(2018). Nonvolatile content is verified by ASTM D1489 or ISO 3251:2019. Elevated solids reduce the water mass that must be removed from the bond line after wet application, but the product exhibits higher initial viscosity and reduced open time on porous substrates.
| Property | Test method | Typical range or limit |
|---|---|---|
| Nonvolatile content | ASTM D1489 / ISO 3251:2019 | 60–65% by mass |
| pH | ISO 976:2013 | 4.0–5.5 |
| Brookfield viscosity | ASTM D2196-20 | 8,000–25,000 mPa·s at 25 °C |
| Density | ASTM D1475-13(2020) | 1.07–1.10 g/cm³ |
| Minimum film formation temperature | ASTM D2354-10(2018) | 14–18 °C |
| Median particle size | ISO 13320:2020 | 0.5–2.0 µm D50 |
| Residual vinyl acetate monomer | Internal headspace GC | <0.1% by mass |
Manufacture of high-solids PVAc is performed by semi-continuous fed-batch emulsion polymerization in jacketed stainless-steel reactors fitted with anchor or turbine impellers. Poly(vinyl alcohol) protective colloid is dissolved in the aqueous phase before the vinyl acetate feed is initiated. Control of PVOH degree of hydrolysis at 87–89 mol% and monomer feed rate is critical because the final solids content places the dispersion in a concentration regime where low-shear viscosity is strongly dependent on temperature and shear history. Production-scale observations indicate that batch-to-batch viscosity variation is minimized when the reaction temperature is held at 70–75 °C and residual vinyl acetate monomer is reduced below 0.1% before cooling. High-solids grades also show a greater tendency to form surface skin in partially opened totes and transfer lines; this is controlled by maintaining headspace relative humidity above 80% and flushing lines after stoppages longer than 15 min.
The rheological profile of high-solids PVAc is shear-thinning because of the poly(vinyl alcohol) protective colloid and the high dispersed-phase volume fraction. Low-shear viscosity measured at 0.5 rpm can be 3–5 times higher than the value at 20 rpm, which affects levelling and roll transfer. To prevent viscosity drift in storage, the emulsion should be kept in closed polyethylene or stainless-steel vessels; contact with unprotected carbon steel is avoided because iron ions can accelerate poly(vinyl alcohol) crosslinking and increase viscosity. Filtration through 100 µm bag filters before metering pumps removes skin particles that would otherwise cause streaks on roll coaters.
At the same wet film weight, the high-solids product delivers more dry polymer per pass. A wet film of 100 g/m² at 62% solids contains 62 g/m² dry polymer and 38 g/m² water, whereas a 50% solids grade contains 50 g/m² dry polymer and 50 g/m² water. This difference reduces drying tunnel energy demand on continuous laminating lines and lowers shipping mass per dry kilogram. The trade-off is a higher low-shear viscosity and greater sensitivity to shear heating. Transfer systems should be sized for 2,000–10,000 mPa·s at low shear, and recirculation loops should avoid prolonged exposure to centrifugal pump tip speeds above 8 m/s because temperature increases of 5–10 °C can lower viscosity and produce coat-weight drift.
| Property | High-solids PVAc | Conventional PVAc | EVA dispersion | Acrylic dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonvolatile content | 60–65% | 50–55% | 50–60% | 45–60% |
| Brookfield viscosity at 25 °C | 8,000–25,000 mPa·s | 1,500–5,000 mPa·s | 2,000–8,000 mPa·s | 500–5,000 mPa·s |
| Minimum film formation temperature | 14–18 °C | 12–16 °C | <0 °C | 0–5 °C |
| Service class potential under EN 204 | D2/D3 with crosslinker | D2/D3 with crosslinker | D3/D4 | D3/D4 |
| Continuous immersion suitability | Not recommended | Not recommended | Possible in D4 formulations | Possible in D4 formulations |
| Freeze-thaw stability | Poor without modification | Poor without modification | Moderate | Good |
| Relative drying water load | Lower | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate to higher |
| Relative cost per dry kg | Lower | Lower | Moderate | Higher |
High-solids PVAc differs from conventional PVAc primarily in water load and rheology. The conventional grade is often specified at 50–55% solids with Brookfield viscosity of 1,500–5,000 mPa·s, while the high-solids grade reaches 8,000–25,000 mPa·s at the same temperature and spindle speed. The high-solids product also shows shorter open time; reported open time on beech at 23 °C and 50% RH is 3–6 min for high-solids grades versus 5–8 min for conventional 50% solids products. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, so these ranges should be confirmed by line trials on the target substrate.
Wood-bonding formulations based on high-solids PVAc typically contain 70–85% by mass emulsion, 2–8 parts plasticizer per hundred resin, and 5–15 parts calcium carbonate filler. For wet-use classification, crosslinkers such as glyoxal are added at 0.2–0.5% on wet weight; formulated adhesives can then meet EN 204 D2 and, with appropriate crosslinking, D3 requirements. They are not recommended for D4 exterior service because poly(vinyl acetate) remains water-sensitive under continuous immersion. In indirect food packaging applications, the formulated adhesive must comply with 21 CFR 175.105 and applicable national food-contact legislation; compliance is formulation-dependent and not automatic from the emulsion alone.
Viscosity control in high-solids PVAc is governed by pH, temperature, and added solvent or plasticizer. Raising pH above 6.0 with amine-based additives can destabilize the poly(vinyl alcohol)-protected dispersion and cause viscosity drift, so pH adjustment is limited to organic acids or buffered alkali additions under controlled mixing. Storage should be maintained at 5–35 °C; freezing can produce irreversible coagulation after 1 or more freeze-thaw cycles unless the product is specifically modified. Polyvalent metal salts such as aluminium sulfate or calcium chloride should be avoided above 0.1% on wet weight because they can collapse the protective colloid layer. Roll coater trials on 1,400 mm wide laminating lines with EPDM rolls of 60–70 Shore A and a wet film gap of 0.20–0.35 mm confirm that high-solids PVAc requires lower drying tunnel air temperature to remove water than a 50% solids grade at identical dry coat weight.
On paper-to-paper lamination, high-solids PVAc is applied at dry coat weights of 3–6 g/m² and nipped at 0.2–0.6 MPa line pressure. High-solids grades reduce blistering in hot laminating because less water remains in the film during the initial drying stage. However, open time on absorbent boards is shorter; line speed and stack pressure require adjustment for the reduced wet tack window. In carton side-seam gluing, a plasticizer-free formulation can be used where the high wet tack of poly(vinyl acetate) is required.
Storage stability is evaluated by accelerated aging at 40 °C for 14 days; acceptable high-solids PVAc should show viscosity change below ±15% and no coagulum above 200 µm on a 100 µm screen. Production-scale observations show that the main bottleneck is not reactor capacity but the final cooling and filtration step. High-solids PVAc at 60–65% solids has higher heat-transfer resistance than 50% solids material, so cooling from 75 °C to 30 °C before packaging can require 20–30% longer in the same jacketed vessel unless external heat exchangers are used.
High-solids PVAc is selected over ethylene-vinyl acetate dispersions when the bonded assembly does not require low-temperature film flexibility or high water resistance. EVA dispersions typically have MFFT values below 0 °C and can be formulated for D3 or D4 service under EN 204, but at higher raw material cost. Acrylic dispersions provide better water resistance, UV resistance, and plasticizer migration resistance, with typical solids of 45–60%, but they are also higher in cost per dry kilogram. High-solids PVAc has a lower raw material cost per dry kilogram and higher stiffness after drying, but it is not suitable for continuous water immersion or unprotected exterior exposure. Tensile shear strength on beech after 7 days at 23 °C and 50% RH is commonly 10–15 MPa for high-solids PVAc when tested by EN 205, compared with 8–12 MPa for many EVA and acrylic dispersion adhesives; however, elongation at break and water resistance are higher for EVA and acrylic products.
After drying at 23 °C and 50% RH for 7 days, unplasticized films cast from high-solids PVAc commonly show tensile strength of 5–10 MPa and elongation at break of 5–15% by ASTM D638-14 Type IV specimens, while plasticized films at 10 phr plasticizer can exhibit elongation above 100%. The dry film is transparent but slightly hazy because of the poly(vinyl alcohol) stabilizer; this haze limits use in optically clear overlays.
Under RoHS and REACH, suppliers should provide declarations covering restricted substances; typical high-solids PVAc is not expected to contain cadmium, lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls, or polybrominated diphenyl ethers above the 100 ppm threshold. The product must be stored in sealed containers away from direct sunlight and freezing.
