| HS Code | 735613 |
| Chemical Basis | Vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) copolymer redispersible powder |
| Physical Form | Free-flowing powder |
| Color | White to off-white |
| Bulk Density | 400–600 g/L |
| Particle Size | 50–120 microns |
| Ph Value | 6.0–8.0 (10% dispersion in water) |
| Ash Content | 10–15% |
| Moisture Content | ≤2% |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature | 0–5 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | −5 to +10 °C |
| Tensile Adhesion Strength | ≥4.0 N/mm² (as per coating formulation) |
As an accredited RDP for Texture & Stone-like Coatings factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | RDP for Texture & Stone-like Coatings is supplied in 25 kg multi-layer paper bags, ensuring easy handling, storage, and dosage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of RDP powder for texture/stone-like coatings, ensuring palletized, moisture-protected cargo and efficient space utilization. |
| Shipping | RDP for Texture & Stone-like Coatings is shipped in moisture-proof multilayer paper bags with polyethylene lining, typically 20–25 kg net. Store pallets in dry, ventilated areas, protected from rain and humidity. Avoid prolonged high-temperature exposure. Handle carefully to prevent bag damage; keep away from ignition sources. |
| Storage | Store RDP in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and heat. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption, which can reduce performance. Avoid floor contact by using pallets. Use original packaging and follow FIFO. Shelf life is typically six months under proper conditions. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original unopened packaging in cool, dry conditions. Shelf life is generally 12 months from production date. |
At 2.5 wt% to 3.5 wt% of total dry-mortar mass, a redispersible VAc/VeoVa polymer powder with glass transition temperature of −7°C and minimum film formation temperature of 0°C is dry-blended with white Portland cement conforming to EN 197-1 CEM I 52.5 R, a 0.1–0.6 mm quartz sand fraction, a methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether at 0.06 wt%, a starch ether at 0.01 wt%, a defoaming agent at 0.02 wt%, and a polyacrylonitrile fibre at 0.05 wt%. The blend is processed in a 120 L twin-shaft paddle mixer with dry blending fixed at 120 s and wet mixing at 240 s; water demand for trowel consistency falls between 18 wt% and 20 wt% of dry-mass, producing a wet density of approximately 1.75 kg/L. During spray application, backpressure at the hopper-gun tip rises from 2.1 bar to 3.4 bar when the polymer dosage is increased from 1.5 wt% to 3.5 wt%, requiring a rotor-stator pump speed of 150 rpm and a compressor air volume of 0.42 m³/min to avoid pulsation. The finish is applied by stainless-steel trowel or hopper gun at a wet-film thickness of 2.0–5.0 mm over a cured mineral basecoat. Hardened mortar assessed by EN 1015-12:2016 records tensile adhesion of 0.45–0.60 MPa on concrete substrates and 0.35 MPa on XPS insulation boards at 3.0 wt% polymer. Water-vapour transmission remains within Class V1 under EN 15824:2017. Capillary water absorption measured by EN 1015-18:2013 drops from 0.52 kg/(m²·h⁰·⁵) at 1.0 wt% polymer to 0.30 kg/(m²·h⁰·⁵) at 3.5 wt%. The terminal end products are exterior textured finishes on residential renders, with aggregate shadowing and fine spatter texture.
| Property | Test standard | Observed performance window |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile adhesion on concrete | EN 1015-12:2016 | 0.45–0.60 MPa at 3.0 wt% RDP |
| Capillary water absorption | EN 1015-18:2013 | 0.30–0.52 kg/(m²·h⁰·⁵) across 1.0–3.5 wt% RDP |
| Water-vapour transmission class | EN 15824:2017 | Class V1 at 2.5–3.5 wt% RDP |
| Compressive strength | EN 1015-11:2019 | 9.6–14.8 MPa at 28 days for stone-effect basecoat |
In a cement-bound stone-effect basecoat formulated with 22.0 wt% white cement, 18.0 wt% calcium carbonate filler, and 57.0 wt% crushed limestone 0.2–1.4 mm, the polymer dosage controls an interface phenomenon measured by EN 1015-18:2013. At 1.0 wt% redispersible polymer, the capillary water absorption coefficient remains at 0.68 kg/(m²·h⁰·⁵) because the discontinuous polymer domains leave interconnected capillary channels along the angular limestone-cement interface. When the dosage is raised to 4.0 wt%, the polymer film coalesces at the interfacial transition zone and blocks a fraction of the percolated pore network, lowering the coefficient to 0.32 kg/(m²·h⁰·⁵). The water drag is not linear: the largest incremental gain occurs between 2.5 wt% and 4.0 wt%, while the same interval reduces compressive strength from 14.8 MPa to 9.6 MPa under EN 1015-11:2019 after 28 days at 23°C and 50% RH. To recover handling strength, the water-cement ratio is pulled from 0.28 to 0.22 with a polycarboxylate ether superplasticiser at 0.15 wt%. Production-scale mixing in a 100 L forced-action pan demonstrates a processing window: dry blending is fixed at 120 s, wet mixing at 240 s, and any wet mixing beyond 300 s shears the as-formed polymer film, causing capillary absorption to rise by 0.10–0.15 kg/(m²·h⁰·⁵) in the cured slab. The basecoat supplies the intermediate layer under granite-chip topcoats; absorption must remain below 0.40 kg/(m²·h⁰·⁵) to prevent dark water marking and frost spalling on the pigmented surface.
An interior polished cementitious plaster, used as a mineral alternative to lime-based marmorino, requires a lower RDP dosage of 1.2 wt% to 1.8 wt% because excess film at the trowel surface creates a glossy polymeric skin during burnishing rather than the intended mineral sheen. The dry blend comprises 28.0 wt% white cement, 12.0 wt% hydrated lime, 18.0 wt% marble flour with D50 20 µm, 35.0 wt% limestone filler, and 1.5 wt% titanium dioxide, with a methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether at 0.08 wt% and a powdered hydrophobing agent at 0.2 wt%. The mixed paste at water demand 34–38 wt% is applied with a US stainless-steel trowel in two coats of 0.5–0.8 mm each. The second coat is closed by repeated steel trowelling at 20–25°C; burnishing begins only when the surface reaches leather-hard stage. Adding 1.5 wt% RDP reduces edge microcracking around Venetian trowel seams and increases wet adhesion to existing gypsum substrates to 0.22 MPa under EN 1542:1999. The polymer must not exceed 2.0 wt% because the accumulated surface film blocks the mechanical compaction of the top layer and produces a plastic haze under raking light. Terminal products are interior decorative wall finishes in residential and commercial spaces, burnished to a stone-like depth without wax topcoats.
In precast stone-like panels, a face coat is cast with white cement 26.0 wt%, fine silica 12.0 wt%, pigment 2.0 wt%, RDP 2.0–2.8 wt%, and coarse marble or granite chips 45.0 wt% in the 0.5–2.5 mm range. The coarse aggregate creates high shear at the polymer-cement film because the vacuum vibration table running at 50 Hz forces the chips into a tightly packed monolayer. At 2.0 wt% polymer, edge pull-off after demoulding shows shelling of chips along the bond line; at 2.8 wt%, the polymer film bridges the undersides of the coarse chips and raises face-coat cohesive strength to 1.2 MPa when tested by EN 1015-12:2016. The backing mortar contains 18.0 wt% white cement, 3.0 wt% acrylic polymer dispersion, 0.2 wt% alkali-resistant glass fibre, and 0.15 wt% superplasticiser; it is poured after the face coat has remained in the mould for 20–25 min. Release is possible after 24 h at 20°C and 60% RH, followed by wet curing under plastic sheet for 5 days. The RDP cannot be blended with zinc stearate above 0.3 wt% because hydrophobic migration along the coarse chip interface interrupts film continuity. Panels are cut with water jet or diamond blade to 600 mm × 300 mm and installed as interior or exterior decorative cladding with a neutral-cure silicone adhesive.
At 2.8 wt% redispersible polymer, a granite-texture render is mixed in a rotor-stator spray machine of the Putzmeister MP 25 class and discharged through a 6 mm carbide nozzle at a line pressure of 6.2 bar and air volume 0.38 m³/min. The wet mortar has a slump measured by EN 1015-3:1999 of 165 mm before spray; if the polymer dosage is raised above 3.5 wt%, the slump drops to 145 mm and plastic viscosity increases enough to cause pulsation at the nozzle. Rebound tested during spraying on a vertical concrete panel is 18% at 1.5 m distance; reducing the distance to 0.8 m lowers rebound to 10% but increases surface compaction and closes the desired stone texture. A silicon carbide nozzle wears from 6.0 mm to 6.4 mm after 4 h of run time at 6.5 bar, which alters the spray pattern from a concentrated orange-peel to a non-uniform drizzle. The terminal finish is used as an entire façade coating over mineral substrate; it must achieve a pull-off strength of at least 0.50 MPa under EN 1015-12:2016 and a water absorption coefficient below 0.40 kg/(m²·h⁰·⁵) under EN 1015-18:2013. Spray application should not proceed below 5°C substrate temperature because the minimum film formation temperature of the RDP is 0°C, and wind speed above 5 m/s accelerates surface skinning that traps bleed water under the texture layer.
Large-format thin stone-like panels with a face layer of 2.5 mm and a total thickness of 8 mm are bonded to concrete substrates with a tile-adhesive layer, creating a differential thermal expansion of 0.9 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ for the panel against 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ for the concrete. A silane-modified redispersible polymer grade at 3.0 wt% in the backing mortar introduces alkoxy crosslinking that persists after film formation, raising elongation at break from 2.1% to 4.8% when tested by ISO 527-2:2012 on a cast film. The same dosage reduces crack width after 50 freeze-thaw cycles between −15°C and 20°C from 0.42 mm to 0.18 mm in a 1.0 m panel joint, as assessed by visual crack mapping against EN 12004-2:2017 for adhesive deformation. Published data for this specific configuration is limited, but the performance envelope is consistent with S1-class deformable adhesive systems. The crosslinkable polymer must be protected from alkaline hydrolysis; the backing mortar is formulated with metakaolin at 5.0 wt% and a low-alkali white cement to maintain a pore solution pH below 13.0. The terminal product is an exterior rain-screen cladding element with a stone-like face and a deformable backing that tolerates substrate movement without spalling the face layer.
When a polymer dosage below 1.0 wt% is paired with an ultrafine 0.1–0.3 mm silica filler, the material functions as a microcrack-bridging repair skin rather than a full-depth texture coating. It is trowel-applied at 0.5 mm after saturating the crack edges with a styrene-acrylate primer. Testing by EN 1504-3:2005 Class R2 confirms a crack-bridging capacity of 0.3 mm at −20°C after 7 days standard cure. The application is limited to non-structural surface restoration where the substrate is solid and free of live movement.
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RDP for Texture & Stone-like Coatings is supplied as a spray-dried copolymer powder based on vinyl acetate-ethylene or vinyl acetate-ethylene-vinyl ester of versatic acid dispersions. A partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid is retained with the dried polymer, and the powder contains a mineral anti-caking fraction. In the received state, the product appears as an off-white free-flowing powder with bulk density from 400 g/L to 600 g/L, loss on drying below 1.0 wt% under ISO 3251, and pH of a 50 wt% aqueous redispersion between 6.5 and 8.5. The product is formulated into dry-mix cementitious texture and stone-like finishes at 1.5–5.0 wt% of total powder; lower addition is typical for fine spray textures, while higher addition is used for coarse stone-like systems where continuous polymer film formation must bridge sand boundaries. Packaging is in 25 kg multi-layer paper bags with an inner polyethylene liner; shelf life is 12 months when stored below 35 °C and below 75 % RH.
At production scale, dry-mix plants use compulsory twin-shaft mixers with fill ratios from 50 % to 70 %. The RDP is introduced after coarse fillers and cement to reduce mechanical degradation of the powder. A mixer speed of 120–180 rpm with dry mixing time of 60–120 s is typical. Segregation in horizontal bins is observed when the bulk-density difference between the RDP and the silica sand exceeds 250 g/L; pre-coating the sand with 0.5–1.0 wt% water or adding the polymer powder after the first 2 min of dry mixing reduces this risk. Powders with angle of repose above 35° under ASTM C1444 may bridge at silo outlet; vibratory bottom or air-pad discharge is required.
Redispersion in water produces a polymer dispersion with mean particle sizes between 1 μm and 10 μm when mechanical stirring is maintained at 600–1000 rpm. At this shear regime, irreversible agglomeration caused by overdrying is limited. The polymer film forms by particle deformation and interdiffusion at temperatures above the minimum film formation temperature. For a stone-like exterior coating applied at 5 °C, a suitable grade should present an MFFT at or below 0 °C under ISO 2115. A powder with an MFFT above 10 °C forms a discontinuous film at 5–7 °C, yielding low inter-coating adhesion and reduced rain resistance. The glass transition temperature measured by differential scanning calorimetry under ISO 11357-2 commonly lies between -15 °C and 10 °C for this product class; the lower bound is favored for crack-bridging texture pastes, while the upper bound improves block resistance in warm climates. Film continuity across aggregate boundaries is influenced by polymer volume fraction and drying front velocity. A cement-to-polymer ratio of 7:1 does not provide enough polymer to cover all capillary walls; stone-like formulations therefore shift to 3:1 or 4:1 in crack-sensitive zones. Drying at 30 °C and 40 % RH produces a skin layer; if surface viscosity exceeds 100 Pa·s too early, the film closes before water vapor escape and can create microvoids. Pore-size analysis by mercury intrusion porosimetry under ISO 15901-1 typically shows a shift from capillary pores above 50 nm to gel pores below 20 nm with polymer addition.
In cementitious texture formulations, the powder is dry-blended with 25–30 wt% white Portland cement, 35–45 wt% graded silica sand, 10–20 wt% calcium carbonate, 1–3 wt% titanium dioxide, 0.1–0.3 wt% cellulosic rheology modifier, and 0.1–0.3 wt% siloxane-based hydrophobizer. Water addition is set between 20 wt% and 25 wt% of dry mix. Mixing is conducted with a high-shear disperser equipped with a butterfly or cowles disc at tip speeds of 3–7 m/s for 90–180 s. The wet mortar is then applied by stainless steel trowel or hopper spray, with wet thicknesses from 1.5 mm to 4.0 mm for texture skins and up to 8.0 mm for stone-like built layers. Wet viscosity is adjusted to 70–100 KU under ASTM D562; higher viscosity reduces overspray but degrades knife texture repeatability. Wet film thickness is confirmed by a notch gauge per ASTM D4414 during application trials.
Fresh mortar open time at 23 °C and 50 % RH is 20–40 min for most mix designs. Reworking with additional water after this interval reduces film strength by redispersing the polymer at the surface; the resulting film discontinuity can be detected by reduced gloss retention and water absorption after 7 d cure. Curing under polyethylene sheeting for the first 24 h improves polymer film coalescence at RH below 35 %. In practice, plastic sheeting must not contact the finish directly; stand-off of 2–3 mm prevents pattern collapse in soft stone-like fresh mortar.
| Property | Test method | Expected range or limit |
|---|---|---|
| Bulk density | ISO 60 | 400–600 g/L |
| Residue on 400 μm sieve | ISO 2591-1 | ≤1.0 wt% |
| Loss on drying | ISO 3251 | ≤1.0 wt% |
| Ash at 1000 °C | ISO 3451-1 | 10–14 wt% |
| pH of redispersion, 50 wt% | ISO 976 | 6.5–8.5 |
| Minimum film formation temperature | ISO 2115 | 0–5 °C |
| Glass transition temperature | ISO 11357-2 | -15 to 10 °C |
| Mean particle size after redispersion | ISO 13320 | 1–10 μm |
The wet-state rheological profile is evaluated by rotational viscometry under ISO 3219. A shear-thinning ratio of apparent viscosity at 5 s⁻¹ to that at 50 s⁻¹ above 4.0 is typical for non-sag stone-like layers. If the ratio falls below 2.5, vertical textures slide after trowel release; if the ratio exceeds 8.0, atomization becomes irregular and the dried film can show nozzle banding. The powder grade contributes to this profile by increasing the volume of dispersed soft polymer in the interstitial liquid, but it does not replace cellulosic or attapulgite thickeners.
One differentiator from conventional tile-adhesive RDP lies in the relationship between powder ash content and cured-film behavior. Texture and stone-like grades often carry ash from 10 wt% to 14 wt%; this is largely the protective colloid and anti-caking residue. The ash level does not linearly correspond to water uptake. A grade with 12 wt% ash may still produce a cured film with 24 h water contact angle above 80° under ASTM D7334 when a siloxane hydrophobic admixture is present. The operational boundary is the dispersion’s stability in highly alkaline cement. Exposure to pore water with pH above 12.5 can hydrolyze acetate-containing copolymers if the protective colloid is insufficient. Screening under 40 °C and 92 % RH for 28 d is therefore used to detect film softening, efflorescence, and thermoplastic tack before exterior specification.
Compared with general-purpose VAE powders used in cementitious tile adhesives, the texture and stone-like grade is selected for harder cured films, reduced dirt pickup, and stable vertical texture retention, while retaining enough elongation to bridge shrinkage cracks in high-build areas. Pure acrylic grades are specified where ultraviolet resistance and color retention dominate; VAE and VeoVa/VAE grades are specified where early wet adhesion to cement and lower material cost are prioritized. Silicone-modified grades reduce liquid water ingress but may increase laddering during vertical trowel application if overdosed. The table below summarizes comparative characteristics typically encountered in dry-mix screening.
| Property | Method | General VAE tile adhesive | VAE/VeoVa stone-like | Pure acrylic | Silicone-modified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum film formation temperature | ISO 2115 | 0–2 °C | 0–5 °C | 0–7 °C | 0–5 °C |
| Tensile adhesion to concrete after 28 d | ISO 4624 | 0.6–1.2 MPa | 0.8–1.5 MPa | 0.5–1.0 MPa | 0.6–1.2 MPa |
| Water uptake 24 h | ASTM D570 | 15–30 % | 10–25 % | 8–20 % | 5–15 % |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-3 | 200–600 % | 150–500 % | 250–800 % | 100–400 % |
Stone-like coatings are tinted with inorganic pigments; iron oxide and chromium oxide additions from 0.5 wt% to 5.0 wt% are common. The RDP must not interfere with pigment wetting. A redispersed dispersion with pH below 8.5 is preferred to avoid alkaline flash on sensitive pigments. Color stability is assessed by accelerated weathering per ASTM G154 for 1000 h, with color difference measured under ISO 11664-4. Published data for this specific product under all matrix colors is limited; matrix-specific weathering panels are required before exterior project approval.
Texture hopper spray and airless pump parameters are influenced by the polymer powder’s particle size distribution and hydrophilicity. A powder with a narrow redispersed particle size distribution lowers pressure drop across the airless nozzle; a broad distribution tends to increase apparent viscosity and filtration artifacts at the gun filter. Field equipment typically uses hopper spray guns with 3.0–4.0 mm fluid nozzle openings and compressed air at 2.5–4.0 bar. Airless units use reversible tips from 0.025 in to 0.031 in and operating pressures from 120 bar to 180 bar, depending on aggregate loading. Highly thixotropic formulations containing hydroxyethyl cellulose at 0.2–0.4 wt% can block tip orifices if the viscosity before spraying exceeds 110 KU by ASTM D562. The interaction between cellulose ether and RDP is not inert; some VAE grades produce a coarse aggregate wetness, while pure acrylic grades may generate smoother trowel finish but increased spray rebound.
Exposure to continuous water saturation and alkaline runoff on grade-level stone-like panels demands more than hydrophobic film formation. The cured polymer-cement network must retain tensile adhesion after immersion. Test programs use ISO 4624 pull-off adhesion before and after 7 d water immersion, with acceptance criteria commonly set at residual adhesion of at least 0.5 MPa. Incompatibilities arise when high levels of water glass or strong alkali catalysts are added to accelerate setting; redispersible polymer dispersions stabilized with partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol may undergo severe thickening or destabilization above pH 13. For such systems, a pure acrylic or styrene-acrylate grade with anionic surfactant stabilization is preferred. Published data for long-term color stability in the presence of potassium silicate admixtures is limited, so a pre-batched trial at 20 °C with application within 2 h of mixing is required to avoid progressive hydrolysis of the acetate segment.
Operational boundaries include substrate and ambient temperatures from 5 °C to 35 °C; below 5 °C film coalescence stops for most coalescent-free formulations. Relative humidity above 80 % extends open time but delays surface hardening. Direct contact with aluminum or galvanized steel should be tested for hydrogen generation in fresh mortar. The product is not designed for continuous immersion service, solvent-based topcoats applied before 72 h of film maturation, or admixtures containing high levels of borate salts, which can destabilize the redispersed polymer. Storage in bulk silos requires dry air or desiccant breathing filters; moisture absorption above 1.5 wt% causes lumping and loss of flowability under ISO 60.
