| HS Code | 485465 |
| Product Name | SELVOL Polyvinyl Alcohol 513S |
| Viscosity 4pct Solution At 20c Mpa S | 13-16 |
| Degree Of Hydrolysis Percent | 98.0-99.9 |
| Appearance | white granular powder |
| Ph 4pct Solution | 5.0-7.0 |
| Ash Content Percent | <=0.7 |
| Volatile Matter Percent | <=5.0 |
| Bulk Density G Per Cm3 | 0.4-0.6 |
| Molecular Weight G Per Mol | approximately 30000 |
| Degree Of Polymerization | approximately 300 |
| Solubility | soluble in hot water above 80°C |
| Film Property | forms clear and flexible films |
As an accredited SELVOL Polyvinyl Alcohol 513S factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | SELVOL Polyvinyl Alcohol 513S is packaged in 25 kg multi-wall paper bags with polyethylene liner for moisture protection. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL container loading of SELVOL Polyvinyl Alcohol 513S: palletized bags, securely stowed, weight-optimized, ensuring safe, efficient transport. |
| Shipping | SELVOL Polyvinyl Alcohol 513S ships as a non-hazardous, water-soluble powder in multilayer paper bags or fiber drums with polyethylene liners. Protect from moisture, extreme heat, and direct impact during transit. Store in a cool, dry area and handle with dust control to maintain product integrity. |
| Storage | Store SELVOL Polyvinyl Alcohol 513S in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heat, sparks, and direct sunlight. Keep the container tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination. Avoid dust accumulation and store separately from strong oxidizing agents or acids. Use proper labeling and ensure compatible, grounded containers. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original sealed container in a cool, dry area. Shelf life is two years from date of manufacture. |
SELVOL Polyvinyl Alcohol 513S is a partially hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol grade supplied as a granular resin. Incoming inspection for production use is normally based on the 4% aqueous solution viscosity, hydrolysis, pH, volatile content, and ash content. Table 1 lists the controlling analytical values used to set incoming inspection limits and lot acceptance for 513S. The grade is applied in six downstream process sectors: emulsion polymerisation, paper surface sizing, water-soluble film, textile warp sizing, ceramic tape casting, and paper laminating adhesives.
| Property | Method | Typical range or limit |
|---|---|---|
| 4% aqueous viscosity at 20°C | ISO 15023-2 | 13–15 mPa·s |
| Hydrolysis | ISO 15023-2 | 86–89 mol% |
| pH | ISO 15023-2 | 4.5–6.5 |
| Volatile content | Loss on drying at 105°C | ≤5.0 wt% |
| Ash | Muffle furnace at 600°C | ≤0.5 wt% |
In semi-batch vinyl acetate polymerisation, the protective colloid is pre-dissolved at 90–95°C for 30–40 min and added as a 10% aqueous stock solution into the aqueous phase before monomer metering begins. The reactor is typically a 10–25 m³ glass-lined or stainless vessel fitted with a dual pitched-blade turbine at 110–130 rpm. The monomer feed rate and initiator flow are controlled to maintain a reaction temperature of 68–72°C. When the 513S charge is held between 2.0 wt% and 6.0 wt% on total vinyl acetate, latex viscosity at 25°C measured by Brookfield RVT at 20 rpm follows a near-linear increase with protective colloid content. The 86–89 mol% hydrolysis level of 513S produces a balance between colloidal stability and water resistance in the dried film. Lower hydrolysis grades create larger primary particles and reduce wet-web strength. Fully hydrolysed grades can increase electrolyte sensitivity and reactor fouling.
Reactor fouling is the main process boundary. If the stock solution is not completely dissolved or if the monomer is added too quickly, partially swollen PVOH gels accumulate on baffles and cooling coils. The resulting latex may show microgels above 50 µm that cannot be removed with a 180 µm bag filter. In transfer operations, the latex is screened through 180–250 µm vibrating screens. When the protective colloid level exceeds 6.5 wt% on monomer, high-shear viscosity often exceeds 8000 mPa·s at 25°C and impairs heat transfer. The grade should be post-added after polymerisation only in dilute form below 1.0 wt% to avoid particle bridging. Stabilisation performance is evaluated by freeze-thaw cycling at -5°C and 25°C for 5 cycles under ASTM D2243. Latex formulations using 513S are used in woodworking adhesives, paper-to-paper lamination, and interior flat paints. The adhesive wet tack can be further modified with borax or boric acid. Borax levels above 1.5 wt% of PVOH solids can produce irreversible gelation.
A metering size press running at 900 m/min with oxidised starch at 7.0% solids imposes different rheological requirements than a pond size press on a fine paper machine. 513S is introduced as a co-binder at 10–20 parts per 100 parts of dry starch solids. The starch is jet-cooked at 130°C for 1 min and then cooled to 60–65°C before PVOH solution is blended in-line. The PVOH solution is prepared separately at 10% solids. Size press pickup is controlled to 3–6 g/m² per side depending on base sheet absorbency. Viscosity of the final size press liquor at 60°C is typically maintained below 25 mPa·s using a Brookfield LV spindle 2 at 100 rpm. Surface strength improvement is measured with an IGT printability tester according to TAPPI T 499. At a pickup of 3.5 g/m² per side, the improvement in IGT pick velocity over a starch-only control is normally observed. Published data for 513S under specific mill conditions is limited because base sheet porosity and drying profiles confound direct comparison.
Coated paper and paperboard applications use 513S as a co-binder in pigmented formulations. A typical coating colour contains 100 parts kaolin or ground calcium carbonate, 8–12 parts styrene-butadiene latex, and 0.5–1.5 parts PVOH. The blend improves water retention under blade metering. Water retention is measured by the Äbo Akademi gravimetric water release method at 1 bar for 90 s. Higher PVOH content lowers filtrate mass. Above 2.0 parts PVOH, Brookfield viscosity at 25°C can exceed 3000 mPa·s at 20 rpm and blade pressures must be increased to control coat weight. For indirect food contact, the formulation must comply with FDA 21 CFR 176.170 when used in paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods. 513S is not used as the sole binder for water-resistant packaging without insolubilising agents. Glyoxal or zirconium ammonium carbonate can be added at 0.1–0.3 wt% on binder solids to reduce water sensitivity.
Cold-water unit-dose films require dissolution and mechanical weakening before substantial swelling of the pouch contents occurs. 513S is a partially hydrolysed grade with 86–89 mol% hydrolysis. This range supplies cold-water sensitivity but also raises equilibrium moisture uptake compared with fully hydrolysed grades. Film is cast from an aqueous solution containing 15–25 wt% PVOH, 5–10 wt% plasticiser based on PVOH solids, and defoamer. A typical cast line uses a slot die, a polished chrome steel casting belt heated to 90–105°C, and a drying tunnel with staged air temperatures from 110°C down to 60°C. Final film moisture is controlled to 4–6 wt%. If residual moisture exceeds 8 wt%, blocking occurs on the reel. If residual moisture is below 2 wt%, film brittleness increases and heat-sealing jaw wear accelerates.
Film disintegration is measured by submerging a 50 µm film specimen in deionised water at 10°C under gentle agitation. The endpoint is recorded when the film loses structural integrity. Published data for 513S in this exact configuration is limited. In production trials, the observed disintegration time is influenced more by plasticiser type and film moisture than by the 13–15 mPa·s viscosity of the grade. Glycerol gives faster cold-water breakup than sorbitol at equal addition. Sorbitol gives better dimensional stability above 30°C and lower blocking tendency. A bimodal plasticiser package with sorbitol and glycerol at 1:1 is common. The melt processing window is narrow. Barrel zone settings from feed to die are typically 160°C, 180°C, 190°C, 200°C, and 210°C. Above 220°C, gel specks increase within 15 min of residence time. Pre-drying in a dehumidified hopper dryer at 70°C for 2 h is required when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%. Extruded film is tested for tensile strength and elongation at break according to ASTM D882. The film must also pass a pinhole test under ASTM F1306 for slow pressurisation resistance.
On multi-cylinder slashers processing polyester/cotton spun yarn at 60–75 m/min, the size film must withstand abrasion from drop wires, heald eyes, and reed dents without dusting. 513S is blended with modified starch or native starch at 15–30% PVOH on total size solids. The size mix is cooked at 95°C for 30 min and held at 80–85°C in the size box. Add-on is controlled at 8–12% dry size on yarn weight by adjusting squeeze roll pressure from 10 kN to 25 kN. Sized yarn tensile strength and elongation at break are measured per ASTM D2256. Hairiness is assessed optically before weaving. A partially hydrolysed PVOH such as 513S improves film flexibility compared with fully hydrolysed grades at equal viscosity. This reduces shed dusting on air-jet looms running at 600–900 picks/min.
Desizing after weaving uses hot water at 80–90°C with nonionic surfactant. The PVOH component is removed to below detectable staining with iodine-boric acid indicator. Desizing waste loading is measured by chemical oxygen demand. The COD contribution of the size is approximately 1.5–1.8 kg O₂ per kg of PVOH solids. Mills that operate enzymatic desizing must not use starch-only process settings because PVOH is not hydrolysed by amylase. In blends with starch, a two-stage desize is used: amylase at 60°C and pH 6–7, followed by hot-water washout. The upper limit of PVOH in the size mix is governed by slasher drying capacity. At add-on above 14% dry on yarn, the size film becomes tacky under high-humidity weaving rooms and may accumulate on split rods.
Tape casting of alumina substrates at wet thicknesses from 80 µm to 150 µm requires a binder that imparts green strength after solvent evaporation and then volatilises before liquid-phase sintering begins. 513S is dissolved in deionized water at 10–15% solids and added to the ceramic slip at 1.5–3.0 wt% on dry ceramic powder. The slip also contains dispersant, defoamer, and plasticiser. Viscosity is adjusted to 2000–5000 mPa·s at 20°C measured with a Brookfield RVT spindle 4 at 20 rpm. The tape is cast onto a Mylar carrier using a doctor blade with a gap of 150–250 µm and dried in a two-zone air dryer at 40°C and 60°C. Dried green tape has a residual moisture target below 2.0 wt%. Green tensile strength and elongation are measured using a universal testing machine with a 10 N load cell at 10 mm/min, following a modified ASTM D882 procedure.
Burnout is the critical risk. The ≤0.5 wt% ash content of 513S is acceptable for alumina, but for electronic-grade barium titanate dielectrics the ash residual may require lot qualification because alkali and alkaline earth impurities shift dielectric loss. Thermogravimetric analysis at 10°C/min in air typically shows onset of weight loss near 220°C and complete oxidation by 450°C. Kiln schedules must hold between 250°C and 450°C for 2–4 h to avoid carbon residue and lamination defects in multilayer parts. If the organic burnout atmosphere becomes oxygen-starved, carbon black deposits reduce translucency of sintered alumina. The green sheet must have sufficient flexibility to be punched into shapes without cracking. This is evaluated by a mandrel bend test at 25°C. Slip ageing is controlled by viscosity measurements at 0 h and 24 h. Viscosity drift above 10% indicates microbial growth or premature gelling, and the batch is rejected.
Borax addition increases the wet tack of partially hydrolysed PVOH solutions through a thermally reversible gel network. In spiral paper tube winding and laminated paperboard applications, 513S is formulated at 8–12% solids. The base PVOH solution is prepared at 90–95°C. Borax is added as a 5% aqueous solution at 25–35°C with continuous high-shear mixing. The critical borax range is narrow. At 0.3–0.7 wt% on wet adhesive weight, the formulation develops thixotropic tack and the open time can be extended to 15–25 s on uncoated kraft at 25°C and 50% RH. Above 1.5 wt% borax on wet adhesive weight, the adhesive forms an irreversible gel at room temperature and cannot be pumped by a gear pump. Adhesive viscosity is checked at 25°C with a Brookfield RV spindle 5 at 20 rpm. Gelation tendency is evaluated by a closed-bottle stability test at 40°C for 7 days.
Bond performance is measured by lap shear on 200 g/m² kraft paper at 25°C and 65% RH. The test specimen is conditioned for 24 h before testing. Fibre tear must exceed 90% of the bonded area. If fibre tear falls below 70%, the cause is usually insufficient penetration or premature skinning. Roller coater speed and adhesive solids are adjusted before reformulation. 513S is also used in remoistenable envelope adhesives without borax. In that case 20–25% solids solutions are applied to paper and dried. This grade should not be combined with low-molecular-weight aldehydes in acidic solution storage because acetal formation can increase viscosity and gelation.
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SELVOL Polyvinyl Alcohol 513S (CAS 9002-89-5) is a partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol supplied by Sekisui Specialty Chemicals. The polymer is produced by the controlled alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate, leaving both hydroxyl and residual acetate functionality on the chain. The grade designation 513S identifies the standard product form in the medium-viscosity partially hydrolyzed series. Manufacturer-published specification ranges include a 4% aqueous solution viscosity of 13.0–15.0 mPa·s at 20 °C using a Brookfield rotational viscometer, degree of hydrolysis of 86.0–89.0 mol%, pH of 4.5–6.5 in 4% solution, ash as sodium oxide at ≤0.7%, and volatiles at ≤5.0%. The residual acetate content, typically 11–14 mol%, interrupts polyvinyl alcohol crystallite formation and lowers the minimum dissolution temperature compared with fully hydrolyzed grades. The S suffix distinguishes the standard grade from specialized low-dust or surface-modified forms; published morphological data for 513S is limited.
| Property | Value | Measurement Condition |
|---|---|---|
| Solution viscosity | 13.0–15.0 mPa·s | 4% aqueous solution at 20 °C, Brookfield rotational viscometer |
| Degree of hydrolysis | 86.0–89.0 mol% | Manufacturer-published specification |
| Residual acetate | 11–14 mol% | Calculated from degree of hydrolysis |
| pH | 4.5–6.5 | 4% aqueous solution |
| Ash as sodium oxide | ≤0.7% | Manufacturer method |
| Volatiles | ≤5.0% | Loss on drying |
Fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol grades such as Selvol 103, Selvol 325, and Selvol 350 retain residual acetate levels below 2 mol% and require solution temperatures above 80 °C to achieve complete hydration. In contrast, the 11–14 mol% residual acetate in 513S allows cold-water dispersion and full dissolution after heating to 80–85 °C with moderate shear; the solution remains stable after cooling to ambient temperature. Films from 513S are more water-sensitive than films from fully hydrolyzed grades. This property is useful in repulpable paper applications and reworkable adhesives but becomes a limitation in barrier layers unless insolubilizing agents or crosslinkers are used.
The water-sensitivity difference arises from crystallite disruption by residual acetate groups. Fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol has a high degree of crystalline order and requires thermal energy to disrupt hydrogen bonding for dissolution. The partial hydrolysis of 513S reduces crystallite size and perfection, lowers the temperature required for solvation, and produces less ordered films with greater moisture uptake at a given relative humidity. These differences directly affect adhesive open time, coating flexibility, and water resistance.
Lower-viscosity partially hydrolyzed grades such as 502S dissolve more rapidly and generate less solution viscosity, but they require higher solids to achieve equivalent film strength and size-press pickup. Higher-viscosity grades such as 523S and 540S produce tougher films and higher solution rheology, but they raise transfer pump pressure and can reduce coating uniformity at high line speeds. The 13.0–15.0 mPa·s solution viscosity of 513S places it near the center of this formulation space, balancing handleability, film tensile strength, and penetration into porous substrates. When tensile comparisons are made, the test method—commonly ISO 527-3 or ASTM D882-18—must be fixed because polyvinyl alcohol film properties are strongly dependent on moisture content and strain rate.
In production-scale vinyl acetate emulsion reactors, SELVOL PVOH 513S is pre-dissolved in demineralized water and charged as the protective colloid before monomer addition. The 4% solution viscosity of 13.0–15.0 mPa·s gives predictable pumping and heat-transfer behavior in stirred tank reactors operating at 60–85 °C, while the partially hydrolyzed acetate groups adsorb at monomer droplet surfaces and provide steric stabilization to growing polymer particles. Lower hydrolysis values within the 86.0–89.0 mol% window tend to increase hydrophobic adsorption on monomer droplets; higher hydrolysis values can increase aqueous-phase thickness and raise latex viscosity. Batch-to-batch emulsion variance therefore depends on hydrolysis distribution rather than average viscosity alone.
In semi-batch vinyl acetate homopolymer and vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer reactions, the pre-charge of 513S solution is typically heated to reactor temperature before initiator injection. The colloid concentration, expressed as parts per hundred monomer, influences nucleation and the balance between soluble polymer in the aqueous phase and adsorbed polymer on particles. At low colloid levels, particle size increases and coagulum can accumulate on baffles and thermocouples. At high colloid levels, final latex viscosity increases, water resistance of the dried film often decreases, and reactor heat transfer may be limited. The medium molecular weight of 513S allows colloid levels to be tuned within a practical range without exceeding agitator load; quantitative optimum levels are formulation-specific and are established through reactor trials. Measurement of particle size distribution by laser diffraction or dynamic light scattering, followed by coagulum screening through a 100-mesh or finer screen, is common in production. Published comparative particle-size data for this specific grade in industrial vinyl acetate or vinyl acetate-ethylene emulsion formulations is limited; reactor trials are required to establish nucleation rates, coagulum formation, and final latex rheology for a specific comonomer ratio and initiator system.
Paper surface sizing, coating binder, and remoistenable adhesive applications use 513S from aqueous solution on size presses, film presses, or roll coaters. The partial hydrolysis level permits rewetting and repulping of broke without insoluble film fragments. On high-speed paper machines, the rheology of the size-press solution controls pickup and film split. The 13.0–15.0 mPa·s value at 4% solids is a reference point; at size-press solids, which may range from 5% to 15%, the solution viscosity increases and becomes shear-rate dependent. Drying after application must remove enough water before the film enters subsequent dryers; otherwise the partially hydrolyzed film may block on calender rolls. The rewettability of 513S films allows rework of off-spec coated board and reduces broke processing cost compared with fully hydrolyzed or crosslinked coating binders.
In paperboard and paper intended for food contact, polyvinyl alcohol can be used as a component under 21 CFR 176.170; in adhesives it can be used under 21 CFR 175.105, subject to the extraction limits and intended end-use conditions specified in those regulations. Remoistenable adhesive formulations benefit from the adhesion of hydroxyl groups to cellulosic substrates and controlled open time; a fully hydrolyzed grade would require higher application temperatures and would produce a more water-resistant but less redispersible film. Bond strength is not an intrinsic material constant; it must be measured with a specific substrate and conditioning protocol, often using ASTM D903-18 for peel strength or ASTM D905-08 for shear strength of adhesive bonds.
Textile warp sizing on slasher equipment uses 513S as a film former and binder, often blended with starch or acrylic size. The 86.0–89.0 mol% hydrolysis level contributes adhesion to both hydrophobic polyester and hydrophilic cotton fibers; the intermediate molecular weight maintains weaving efficiency without excessive shedding. Desizing is easier than with fully hydrolyzed grades because the film disperses at lower temperature and redissolves more completely. Quantitative desizing efficiency data for 513S on specific fabric constructions is limited.
Polyvinyl alcohol solutions containing 513S are sensitive to borate ions. Addition of borax or boric acid can form reversible crosslinks that increase solution viscosity and can produce gel at alkaline pH. This behavior is exploited in some adhesive formulations but must be controlled in paper coating and emulsion polymerization because uncontrolled borate contact can destabilize the prepared solution. The product is also incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids, which can depolymerize the chain and reduce viscosity. Mixing and storage equipment should be stainless steel or lined; long residence time in unlined carbon steel may introduce iron contamination that darkens the solution and affects color-sensitive coatings.
Preparation of a 4% solution for specification verification uses cold-water dispersion of the solid followed by heating to 80–85 °C under moderate shear. Failure to disperse the powder uniformly before heating can form gel particles that require extended agitation to hydrate. The solution is stable after cooling, but preservatives may be required during storage because polyvinyl alcohol solutions are susceptible to microbial growth. Processing at solids above 10% can produce shear-thinning behavior that affects pump sizing and heat transfer. The product is hygroscopic; storage in humid environments can increase moisture uptake and powder caking. Pre-drying is necessary before melt-processing if moisture content exceeds the manufacturer’s volatile limit of ≤5.0%.
Melt extrusion of water-soluble film from 513S generally requires plasticizers such as glycerol or polyols. The thermal processing window is narrow compared with polyolefins because polyvinyl alcohol begins to degrade near its melting point. Published data for 513S-specific melt rheology and degradation kinetics is limited; extrusion trials should establish the stable melt temperature, screw torque, and die pressure for a specific plasticizer system. Excess moisture in the melt promotes bubble formation and can shift degradation onset to lower temperatures.
Under European REACH, polyvinyl alcohol is registered as a polymer substance; current safety data sheets provide exposure limits, disposal instructions, and any applicable product-specific hazard classifications. Dust generation during solids handling requires local exhaust ventilation and bonded grounding because polyvinyl alcohol dust can form combustible dust clouds. Facility assessments should follow NFPA 652 or equivalent local standards for combustible dust. Published data for 513S-specific dust explosion parameters is limited; site-specific testing of the as-received powder is recommended before large-scale pneumatic conveying.
Receipt testing at production sites typically verifies solution viscosity, moisture, ash, and degree of hydrolysis against the certificate of analysis. Viscosity measurement must use a standardized dissolution procedure because incomplete hydration or solution aging can shift readings. For incoming inspection, a lot-to-lot viscosity check at 4% solids is recommended before large-scale adhesive or coating batch preparation; variations near the upper or lower end of the 13.0–15.0 mPa·s range can alter final formulation viscosity and coating holdout.
For comparative formulation work, the following nominal ranges position 513S within the partially hydrolyzed Selvol series.
| Grade | 4% aqueous solution viscosity at 20 °C | Degree of hydrolysis |
|---|---|---|
| 502S | 4.8–6.0 mPa·s | 87.0–89.0 mol% |
| 513S | 13.0–15.0 mPa·s | 86.0–89.0 mol% |
| 523S | 23.0–27.0 mPa·s | 87.0–89.0 mol% |
| 540S | 44.0–52.0 mPa·s | 87.0–89.0 mol% |
The selection between 502S, 513S, 523S, and 540S is primarily a rheological decision because the degree of hydrolysis ranges are closely matched. In adhesive and coating formulations, 513S provides a midpoint between substrate penetration and film strength. In emulsion polymerization, higher-viscosity grades can reduce monomer droplet coalescence but raise reactor viscosity and require larger agitator motors; lower-viscosity grades reduce solution handling costs but may require higher colloid levels to achieve equivalent latex stability. Compared with fully hydrolyzed grades, 513S yields films that redisperse more readily but exhibit lower resistance to water vapor and liquid water. Compared with lower-viscosity partially hydrolyzed grades, it provides higher thickening efficiency at equal solids. Compared with higher-viscosity partially hydrolyzed grades, it permits lower line pressure and better leveling on high-speed coaters. These differences are not absolute; they depend on solids, substrate porosity, drying rate, and final film thickness. Published formulation data for 513S in specific downstream formulations is limited; the grade should be evaluated in laboratory and pilot equipment before line-scale implementation.
