| HS Code | 614528 |
| Product Name | TH-610 PVAc Emulsion |
| Polymer Type | Polyvinyl acetate homopolymer |
| Appearance | Milky white liquid |
| Solid Content | 55 ± 1% |
| Viscosity At 25c | 12000–20000 mPa·s |
| Ph | 4.5–5.5 |
| Density At 25c | 1.08 g/cm³ |
| Particle Size | 0.5–2.0 μm |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 28°C |
| Minimum Film Forming Temperature | 14°C |
| Residual Monomer Content | ≤0.5% |
| Film Appearance | Clear and flexible |
| Shelf Life | 12 months |
As an accredited TH-610 PVAc Emulsion factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | TH-610 PVAc Emulsion is packaged in sealed, sturdy plastic drums, net weight 50 kg per drum, ensuring safe transport and storage. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | TH-610 PVAc Emulsion loaded as a 20′ FCL in palletized drums/IBCs, securely braced for safe, stable transit. |
| Shipping | TH-610 PVAc Emulsion ships in sealed drums, IBC totes, or bulk isotanks. Protect from freezing, extreme heat, and direct sunlight during transit. Containers must remain upright, securely strapped, and properly labeled. This product is non-hazardous for transport, but avoid spills and ensure adequate ventilation in enclosed spaces. |
| Storage | Store TH-610 PVAc Emulsion in a tightly sealed original container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Avoid direct sunlight, high temperatures, and freezing, which can cause coagulation or separation. Keep away from incompatible materials and ignition sources. Maintain temperatures between 5–40°C, and use within the manufacturer’s stated shelf life to ensure performance. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is 12 months from manufacture when stored in sealed containers at 5–40°C, protected from frost and direct sunlight. |
In high-volume solid wood edge-gluing and veneer face-lamination lines, TH-610 polyvinyl acetate homopolymer emulsion is metered through heated roll-coating stations that maintain adhesive temperature between 18 °C and 25 °C because lower temperatures increase Brookfield viscosity beyond the 8,000–12,000 mPa·s range preferred for ribbed roll transfer. The product is usually supplied as a ready-to-use dispersion; process adjustments are limited to 2–5 wt% water addition on lines where ambient relative humidity falls below 30% and open time must be extended beyond 8 minutes. In panel lay-up, coat weights from 120 g/m² to 180 g/m² are applied to one hardwood face, with immediate assembly and clamping at 0.6–1.0 N/mm² for cold-press cycles of 45–90 minutes. Bond strength development is evaluated after 7 days under EN 204 and ASTM D905; interior non-structural grades are classified according to EN 204 water-resistance classes, with D3 requiring pass/fail tensile shear strength after 4 days cold-water immersion. TH-610 is not a candidate for D4 service because the homopolymer lacks the crosslinked water-resistant network of phenol-resorcinol or melamine-urea systems. Terminal products include edge-glued pine and oak table tops, laminated particleboard furniture components, and hardwood stair treads used in interior dry conditions. On production-scale lines, the principal failure modes are not adhesive film failure but fibre tear, surface-starved joints from over-spread, and chalky squeeze-out when adhesive is allowed to skin over before clamping. The emulsion should not be blended with amine-based pH modifiers; pH of the wet film is maintained between 4.0 and 5.0, and rising above 6.5 destabilizes the polyvinyl acetate colloid, causing irreversible viscosity loss.
The transition from open time to wet tack on a corrugated carton side-seam line at 100–150 m/min is governed by the rate of water loss from the adhesive film, and for TH-610 the practical window is narrower than for starch-based formulations. The emulsion is delivered by air-assisted nozzle extrusion directly onto the inner lap of the combined board; the functional requirement shifts from high static shear strength to rapid wet tack and controlled squeeze-out recovery. For TH-610, thinning with 2–4 wt% water is required to reduce Brookfield viscosity to 2,000–4,000 mPa·s, which prevents stringing and forms a discontinuous bead of 0.5–1.0 mm diameter. Wet tack must arrest flap springback within 2 seconds after nip roll compression; industrial observation on case erectors with 0.4 MPa nip pressure shows that insufficient tack occurs when the applied adhesive film dries to more than 60% solids before assembly. Under such conditions, the bond fails by interfacial peel rather than fibre tear, which is evaluated by ASTM D903 T-peel on painted kraft liner. Water resistance of the finished side seam is not intended for outdoor storage; cartons are normally transported under kraft liner moisture contents of 8–12%, and prolonged exposure above 25 °C and 85% relative humidity causes measurable creep at the seam. Terminal products include HSC and RSC corrugated cases used for dry goods, pharmaceutical secondary packaging, and e-commerce fulfilment. The emulsion should not be blended with zinc stearate or other polyvalent cation additives, which can trigger coagulation and nozzle blockage; pH of the diluted wet adhesive remains between 3.8 and 5.2. Compliance references include ISO 2555 for viscosity and ASTM D903 for T-peel; published data for TH-610 in this specific end-use is limited, so the processing window is derived from stabilized PVAc homopolymer behavior under the same application conditions.
At tube winding speeds above 120 m/min, the emulsion is typically transferred by a transfer-roll applicator to the inside edge of the first paper ply; the critical control is not only coat weight but also the dew point and surface temperature of the paperboard. If paperboard surface temperature is below 20 °C, the emulsion’s water phase condenses on the forming mandrel and reduces tack on the uncoated side, causing ply slip. Typical wet coat weights are 8–20 g/m² depending on ply count and tensile requirements, adjusted by a doctor blade gap of 0.08–0.15 mm. On three-ply cores for stretch film and paper rolls, the adhesive bond must survive mandrel extraction and subsequent axial compression; radial crush resistance of the finished core is measured according to ISO 11093-9, although the adhesive contribution is secondary to board density. Nip pressure at the winding station is maintained between 0.4 and 0.7 MPa to force adhesive into the board pores without crushing the fluting. Drying rate is slower in high-grammage recycled liners because moisture vapour transmission rate drops below 15 g/m² per 24 h under ISO 2528 conditions, so a 0.5–1.0 wt% higher solids version of TH-610 is sometimes preferred to shorten the in-process tack window. Terminal products include spiral-wound paper cores for aluminium foil, adhesive tape, and textile yarn carriers. The main process failure observed on production lines is eyebrow peeling at the overlapping spiral seam when the adhesive open time exceeds 25 seconds; this is corrected by reducing dilution below 2 wt% or raising board surface temperature to 30–35 °C. The product must not be used on lacquered or wax-impregnated paper without corona pre-treatment because the emulsion cannot displace wax and will form a weak boundary layer.
Production-scale perfect binding lines for softcover books use TH-610 as the backbone adhesive because the polymer forms a flexible, non-blocking film after drying to below 5% residual moisture and retains that flexibility at 10 °C. The emulsion is normally applied at 0.3–0.6 mm spine thickness through a heated spine glue pot at 40–50 °C; higher temperatures above 55 °C cause skimming and needle formation. A secondary side glue line is applied at 0.2–0.4 mm to hold the cover flaps. For paper with high internal sizing, a 3–5 wt% addition of triacetin or dibutyl phthalate plasticizer is sometimes used to improve low-temperature flexibility, but this reduces initial page pull strength. Page pull strength is tested after 24 h using ASTM D1876 T-peel on the first and last signatures; the bond should display cohesive or fibre failure rather than interfacial delamination, and the converter’s internal specification defines the minimum peel force for the specific paper grade. The adhesive must be stored above 5 °C; freezing causes polyvinyl acetate coagulation and irreversible graining that cannot be reversed by warming. Terminal products include paperback books, catalogues, and magazine blocks. The main defect observed in high-speed perfect binders is adhesive strike-through on thin Bible papers below 50 g/m²; reducing spine glue to 0.2 mm and increasing solids by 2 wt% controls penetration.
Unlike dense wood substrates, needle-punched and air-laid cellulose webs present a different rheological requirement: the emulsion must penetrate only the top 20–30% of the web thickness to preserve compression recovery, so spray application at 10–30 dry parts per 100 dry fibre is selected rather than full saturation. For TH-610, the spray bath is diluted to 5–10 wt% solids and applied through a compressed-air nozzle at 0.10–0.25 MPa; higher air pressure fragments the emulsion and causes visible binder spits. After application, the web passes through a two-stage air-through dryer at 100–140 °C for 30–90 seconds. The bonded nonwoven is tested for dry tensile index according to ISO 1924-2 and wet tensile index after 10 minutes immersion in deionized water; PVAc homopolymer binders deliver high dry strength but retain no more than 20–40% of dry strength when wet, which restricts TH-610 to dry-laid wiping cloths, table cover materials, and packaging interleaves where wet strength is not specified. Terminal products include nonwoven interlinings for stationery, heavyweight gift wrap reinforcement, and filtration support layers. An operational boundary is that TH-610 should not be formulated with anionic surfactants above 0.5 wt% of emulsion solids because excess surfactant migrates to the web surface and forms a water-sensitive film. Published plant data for TH-610 in air-laid nonwovens are limited; the process window is derived from stabilized PVAc homopolymer behavior. For products requiring wet tensile retention above 50%, an acrylic or EVA binder is typically selected instead of PVAc.
| Application segment | Key standard / method | Property or condition | Industrial acceptance reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solid wood edge-gluing | EN 204, ASTM D905 | Water-resistance class, shear strength | D3 pass/fail after 4 days cold-water immersion |
| Carton side-seam bonding | ASTM D903, ISO 2555 | T-peel, Brookfield viscosity | Fibre tear on kraft liner; 2,000–4,000 mPa·s at 23 °C |
| Paper tube winding | ISO 11093-9, ISO 2528 | Radial crush resistance, moisture vapour transmission | No spiral seam delamination under mandrel extraction |
| Perfect binding | ASTM D1876 | Page pull T-peel on first/last signatures | Cohesive or fibre tear; internal minimum peel force |
| Nonwoven binder | ISO 1924-2 | Dry tensile index, wet tensile retention | Wet retention ≤ 40% of dry strength |
| Joint compound | ASTM C475 | Drying shrinkage, working viscosity | ≤ 20% shrinkage after 24 h at 23 °C, 50% RH |
Drymix joint compounds formulated with TH-610 are produced in high-shear planetary mixers at 40–60 rpm; the emulsion is post-added after the mineral phase has reached a uniform moisture content to avoid early coagulation from calcium hydroxide and other alkaline fillers. The binder level in a ready-mix joint compound typically falls between 3% and 5% on dry solids, with polymer solids contributing to sandability, crack resistance, and trowel slip without forming a sealed surface that resists primer penetration. Viscosity after 24 h is checked with a Brookfield RV spindle at 10 rpm and adjusted to 400–600 Pa·s by water addition, although TH-610-specific target values should be established by ASTM C475 trial. The mixed material is filled into plastic pails and applied to gypsum board joints with a 6-inch taping knife; shrinkage must remain below 20% after drying at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity for 24 h. Compliance for this end-use includes ASTM C475 for drying time, shrinkage, and joint strength, as well as California Proposition 65 and REACH requirements for vinyl acetate monomer content. Terminal products include interior ready-mix joint compound, skimming paste, and repair fillers used in drywall finishing. The formulation must not be exposed to freezing during storage or transport; freeze-thaw cycles below 0 °C cause polymer coagulation and irreversible graining. Published data for TH-610 in joint compounds is limited, so the above ratios represent the general PVAc homopolymer window, not a certified product specification.
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For waterborne adhesive compounding, TH-610 PVAc emulsion is supplied as a polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion for wood assembly, paper tube winding, and packaging lamination. Representative supply data from this grade class place nonvolatile content at 54–56 wt% by ISO 3251:2019, Brookfield viscosity at 12 000–30 000 mPa·s at 25 °C and 20 rpm with spindle 4 under ISO 2555:2018, and pH at 3.5–5.0 by ISO 976:2013. Minimum film-forming temperature is approximately 18 °C. The dispersed ester polymer undergoes gradual hydrolysis in storage, so pH drift is a formulation constraint rather than a defect. Guaranteed values must be obtained from the supplier certificate of analysis for the specific batch.
Brookfield viscosity of TH-610 is shear-rate dependent. At 20 rpm with spindle 4, the dispersion typically falls between 12 000 mPa·s and 30 000 mPa·s; at 2 rpm, apparent viscosity is commonly 3–5 times higher because the polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid creates a structured low-shear network. High-shear application methods such as engraved roll coating and slot-die coating reduce apparent viscosity through shear thinning. Processing temperature should be maintained at 20–30 °C; below 10 °C viscosity increases sharply, and above 40 °C evaporation accelerates skinning at exposed trough edges. The acidic pH range promotes wet tack development on lignocellulosic substrates but accelerates mild steel corrosion. Storage and mixing equipment should use 316L stainless steel or high-density polyethylene liners.
| Property | Representative value | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Nonvolatile content | 54–56 wt% | ISO 3251:2019 |
| Brookfield viscosity | 12 000–30 000 mPa·s | ISO 2555:2018; spindle 4, 20 rpm, 25 °C |
| pH | 3.5–5.0 | ISO 976:2013 |
| Minimum film-forming temperature | 18 °C | ISO 2115:2000 |
| Density | 1.08–1.12 g/cm³ | ISO 2811-1:2016 |
| Particle size range | 0.5–3 μm | ISO 13320:2020 |
In high-speed roll coating and extrusion dispense systems, the shear response of TH-610 controls bead stability and transfer efficiency. Production-scale engraved roll coaters with closed doctor chambers typically operate with an adhesive bath viscosity of 8 000–20 000 mPa·s; if the incoming viscosity exceeds 30 000 mPa·s, foam generation increases because air entrapment in the recirculation loop is not fully released before the nip. On a 200 μm engraved roll fed by a gear pump, a batch-to-batch viscosity rise of 3 000 mPa·s at constant pump speed can increase deposit weight by 12–15 %, requiring closed-loop viscosity control or gravimetric coat-weight feedback to maintain the dry adhesive layer. The emulsion should be screened through a 100 μm basket filter before slot-die applicators to remove skins formed during transport.
TH-610 belongs to the polyvinyl acetate homopolymer class. It is distinguished from vinyl acetate-ethylene dispersions by the absence of polymerized ethylene. The polymer phase therefore has a higher glass transition temperature, usually 28–35 °C, compared with 0–15 °C for many VAE grades. The difference produces higher early cohesion and faster set speed on porous wood, but lower permanent flexibility and reduced low-temperature film formation. VAE grades can often be formulated to remain flexible at 0 °C without external plasticizer; TH-610 requires plasticizer or coalescent for similar cold-applied flexibility. Against acrylic pressure-sensitive emulsions, TH-610 develops irreversible fiber-tearing bonds rather than removable tack, and its peel adhesion after full drying is comparatively low. It is not a suitable base for tapes or labels unless heavily compounded with tackifiers, which can destabilize the polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid if solubility parameters are incompatible. Within PVAc homopolymer grades, TH-610 is positioned as a high-viscosity, high-solids wood and paper laminating dispersion. Surfactant-stabilized low-viscosity grades may transfer better in spray systems but offer less wet tack and are more easily re-emulsified before film formation.
In paper tube winding and food-contact packaging, process capability is as important as dry bond strength. High-speed spiral tube machines typically apply TH-610 at 60–100 g/m² wet on core stock; initial tack must hold the laps for 3–6 s at line speeds of 30–60 m/min. Formulations with more than 20 wt% calcium carbonate filler show reduced shear adhesion on clay-coated papers, and filler beyond 30 wt% lowers wet tack sufficiently to cause lap slip. For food-contact packaging joints, the finished adhesive is generally evaluated under FDA 21 CFR 175.105 as an indirect additive in the finished article; the dispersion alone does not provide direct food-contact compliance. EU market compliance requires that the formulated adhesive meet article-level migration limits under Regulation (EC) 1935/2004 and that substance-specific limits be screened under the current REACH candidate list. Published data for TH-610 in fat-food packaging simulants is limited; end-use testing is required before commercial use.
Wood assembly adhesive strength depends on conditioning the substrate to below 12–15 % equilibrium moisture content. Under EN 204:2016, an unmodified TH-610 formulation conditioned for 7 days at 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity commonly produces shear strengths above 10 N/mm² on beech, with fiber failure above 80 % in dry conditions. EN 204 D2-type exposure to water at 20 °C for 4 h reduces shear strength to 1–4 N/mm² unless a crosslinker or hydrophobic additive is incorporated. ASTM D905-08 compression-loaded shear specimens on hard maple show similar dry failure modes but different absolute values because of higher clamping pressure and closed assembly time. Creep resistance under constant load is a limitation of homopolymer PVAc. At 50 °C and 0.5 N/mm² shear load, unmodified films deform more than crosslinked VAE or polyurethane dispersions. The thermal softening point of the dried polymer is approximately 70–90 °C, which restricts structural or heat-curing applications.
| Property | TH-610 PVAc homopolymer | VAE dispersion | Acrylic pressure-sensitive emulsion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glass transition temperature | 28–35 °C | 0–15 °C | -40–0 °C |
| Set speed on porous wood | High | Moderate | Not applicable |
| Unmodified water resistance | Low | Moderate | Moderate to high |
| Low-temperature flexibility | Requires plasticizer | Intrinsic | Intrinsic |
| Typical use | Wood assembly, paper tube winding | Flexible packaging, construction adhesives | Labels, tapes, protective films |
When dibutyl phthalate is added to TH-610, the minimum film-forming temperature falls non-linearly with plasticizer content. A 5 wt% addition reduces MFFT to approximately 5 °C; 10 wt% can depress MFFT below 0 °C. The same 10 wt% addition raises 24 h water uptake of the dried film by 15–25 % and lowers the dried polymer’s softening point by 10–15 °C. Benzoate ester plasticizers at 7.5 wt% may give similar MFFT depression with less migration, but published data for this specific TH-610 configuration is limited. Plasticizer should be added slowly under low-shear mixing; high-shear addition before complete absorption can produce partial coagulation at the impeller because the plasticizer initially softens the protective colloid layer. The formulated adhesive should be conditioned for 24 h before viscosity and MFFT are measured, because plasticizer migration into the polymer particles continues after mixing.
Calcium carbonate filler and organic solvent additions are not straightforward diluents. Calcium carbonate up to 15 wt% lowers unit cost without severe viscosity instability; at 25 wt%, Brookfield viscosity can double and the glue line becomes rigid, reducing paper-to-paper peel on flexible packaging. Solvents such as ethanol or isopropanol should be limited to 5 wt% unless pilot trials are conducted; rapid solvent addition can shock the dispersion and cause stringing or fouling of machine rollers. Thickening with cellulosic ethers can raise low-shear viscosity for curtain coating, but overdosing produces a yield stress that interferes with gear-pump feed. The dispersion is not compatible with high concentrations of polyvalent metal salts such as ferric chloride or aluminum sulfate; these induce bridging flocculation and can produce irreversible grit. Its acidic character also makes amine-neutralized dispersions and ammonia-sensitive additives unsuitable. If a two-component crosslinking system is required, the working pot life should be established by viscosity doubling time at 25 °C, not by visual gelation alone.
In recirculating adhesive systems, the mechanical stability of TH-610 is influenced by pump shear, temperature, and micro-foam. Progressive cavity pumps and double-diaphragm pumps are generally less damaging than centrifugal pumps, which can impose repeated high-shear passes and raise the dispersion temperature above 40 °C if the return line is undersized. Stability is commonly assessed by measuring screen residue after 30 min of mechanical agitation at 1 000 rpm; residues greater than 0.1 wt% on a 100 μm screen indicate incipient destabilization. In storage, TH-610 should be kept at 5–35 °C and protected from repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Freezing irreversibly coagulates the dispersion; one cycle at -5 °C is sufficient to produce unusable grit. The recommended unopened shelf life is usually 6 months from the production date, but pH and viscosity should be rechecked before use after 3 months of storage because gradual polyvinyl acetate hydrolysis releases acetic acid. When pH falls below 3.0, the dispersion may become corrosive to aluminum applicator parts and may require neutralization with sodium bicarbonate solution under slow agitation, but neutralization alters viscosity and should not be performed without stability validation.
