| HS Code | 643715 |
| Product Name | WH-PVAc 601 |
| Chemical Composition | Polyvinyl acetate homopolymer emulsion |
| Appearance | White milky liquid |
| Solid Content | 55 ± 1% |
| Viscosity | 2500 - 4500 cps |
| Ph | 4.0 - 5.5 |
| Particle Size | 1 - 2 μm |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 28°C |
| Minimum Film Formation Temperature | 10°C |
| Film Appearance | Transparent, flexible film |
| Freeze Thaw Stability | Stable for up to 3 cycles |
| Storage Stability | 6 months at 5-35°C |
As an accredited WH-PVAc 601 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | WH-PVAc 601 is supplied in 25 kg sealed plastic drums, ensuring safe storage, easy handling, and reliable delivery. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 20′ FCL shipment of WH-PVAc 601, securely loaded in drums, properly braced and ventilated for safe transport. |
| Shipping | WH-PVAc 601 should be shipped in sealed, UN-approved containers, protected from moisture and extreme temperatures. Use dedicated chemical transport with proper labeling, safety data sheets, and spill containment. Ensure compliance with local and international dangerous goods regulations, and avoid contact with incompatible materials during transit. |
| Storage | Store WH-PVAc 601 in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Protect from direct sunlight, heat, and freezing temperatures; ideal storage is between 5°C and 35°C. Keep away from ignition sources and incompatible materials. Use within recommended shelf life and stir before use. |
| Shelf Life | Store in original sealed container at 5–35°C, protected from frost. Shelf life is 12 months from date of manufacture. |
Waterborne adhesive compounding with WH-PVAc 601 is evaluated in a 50 L planetary mixer fitted with a jacketed vessel, a 0.08 MPa vacuum deaeration loop, and a high-speed disperser run at 1,200 rpm for 15–20 min. The as-supplied dispersion is diluted to 48–52% solids with demineralized water, and the pH is maintained between 4.5 and 5.5 by dropwise addition of 10% aqueous ammonia. A protective colloid such as polyvinyl alcohol with a hydrolysis degree of 88 mol% is pre-dissolved at 90°C and post-dosed at 3.0–5.0 wt% to prevent shear-induced coagulation. Plasticizer selection is limited to non-phthalate grades; dibenzoate or benzoate esters are typically incorporated at 5–10 wt% of total formulation because REACH Annex XVII restricts phthalates in toys and childcare articles. Viscosity drift of 2,000–4,000 mPa·s over 72 h occurs when defoamer is added before plasticizer; the sequence is reversed in production to hold Brookfield RVT values in the 8,000–20,000 mPa·s range at 20 rpm and 25°C. The compounded adhesive is applied by roller coater or curtain coater at 80–120 g/m² for paper tube winding and at 120–180 g/m² for beech-to-beech laminates. Press conditions of 0.3–0.5 MPa for 30–45 min at 20–25°C produce dry shear strengths above 10 MPa when tested according to EN 205. Water resistance under EN 204 D3 is achieved only after addition of 0.5–1.0 wt% AlCl₃ or an isocyanate hardener; without hardener the film remains classified as D2 or D1. Finished products include wood veneer panels, spiral paper cores, honeycomb board, and book covers.
| Adhesive classification | WH-PVAc 601 loading (wt%) | Crosslinker content | Test method | Typical performance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D1 interior dry | 80–85 | 0 | EN 205 | ≥10 MPa dry shear |
| D2 interior limited water contact | 75–80 | 0–0.5 wt% AlCl₃ | EN 205 / EN 204 | ≥8 MPa dry, no wet immersion requirement |
| D3 intermittent water resistance | 70–75 | 0.5–1.0 wt% isocyanate hardener | EN 204 D3 | ≥2.0 MPa after 4 days cold soak |
Chewing gum base compounding with WH-PVAc 601 is carried out in a jacketed Z-blade or sigma-blade mixer with a working volume of 300–600 L, preheated to 55–70°C. The resin is introduced at 10–25 wt% of the gum base mass after elastomers have been masticated with food-grade plasticizers. Hardness and elasticity are governed by plasticizer choice and free-volume depression rather than by polyvinyl acetate content alone; triacetin and acetylated monoglycerides are used at 5–15 wt% because their Hansen solubility parameters lie close to the polyvinyl acetate solubility sphere. Mixer torque rises by approximately 30–50% when the resin addition is completed due to the high melt viscosity of the polymer; if jacket temperature falls below 50°C, unmelted resin particles persist as white specks in the extruded base. The batch is discharged at 55–65°C and passed through a cooling drum and pelletizer. Regulatory conformity is verified under FDA 21 CFR 172.615, which requires a minimum molecular weight of 2,000 for polyvinyl acetate and permits the substance only as a masticatory in chewing gum base. Residual vinyl acetate monomer is controlled below the supplier’s certified limit, and the user must confirm that the specific WH-PVAc 601 lot carries food-contact registration. Finished base is blended with sweeteners and flavors at 20–35% base loading to produce stick gum and bubble gum. Products are tested for hardness retention under 40°C and 75% RH accelerated storage for 8 weeks; plasticizer migration to the surface is monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, and Shore A durometer shifts of 5–10 points are typical for PVAc-dominant bases.
At the size press of a 12 m/min pilot paper machine, WH-PVAc 601 is blended with oxidized starch cooked at 95°C and cooled to 60°C before size press application. The resin is added at 3–6 parts per 100 parts dry fiber, and the addition must be slow and below pH 7 because acid hydrolysis reduces molecular weight and lowers film strength. Size press nip pressure is held at 80–120 kN/m with solids at 8–12% to achieve a dry pick-up of 1.5–2.5 g/m². Ash content is retained below 0.5% by selecting low-ash polyvinyl acetate grades; this parameter is relevant for recycled food-board under 21 CFR 176.170 and 21 CFR 176.180. Common failure modes are foaming in the size press sump and bacterial growth in starch/PVAc hold tanks; defoamer is limited to 0.05–0.15 wt% and biocide to 0.05–0.10 wt% because excessive defoamer causes fisheyes. Dried sheets are calendered at 60–80°C and 120–180 N/mm to develop surface strength. Surface strength is measured by the IGT pick test according to TAPPI T499, with typical increases from 2.8 m/s to 3.6 m/s after PVAc addition. Finished products are coated board for pharmaceutical cartons and paper sacks.
When warp yarn sizing requires a low-ash film former, WH-PVAc 601 is applied on a slasher sizing frame at 5–8% sizing solids for cotton-polyester blends. Squeeze roll pressure is maintained at 180–220 N/mm, and oven drying is controlled between 90°C and 110°C to avoid film blocking on the drying cylinders. Ash after ignition at 750°C for 2 h remains below 0.3%, which reduces loombuild-up of hard size deposits. Desizing efficiency is verified by warm-water removal at 60–70°C with nonionic detergent; yarn tensile strength retention is tested according to ASTM D2256. The process boundary is shear stability in the size box: circulation pumps with excessive impeller speeds above 1,500 rpm can destabilize the dispersion and generate foam. Finished products are woven apparel fabrics and bed linen.
Low-odour architectural primer formulations use WH-PVAc 601 at 15–25% binder solids with a pigment volume concentration of 40–55%. The dispersion is let down after a high-speed disperser stage at 1,000–1,200 rpm, with pH adjusted to 8.0–8.5 using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. Coalescent demand is 1–3 wt% of total formulation; high-boiling ester alcohol is preferred to keep volatile organic compound emissions below 30 g/L for interior water-borne primers under EU Directive 2004/42/EC. Freeze-thaw stability is provided by 2–4 wt% propylene glycol; without this addition, one cycle at -5°C creates irreversible grit. The formulated primer is filtered through a 100 µm bag filter and applied at 80–100 g/m² on gypsum board. The finished products are interior wall primers and sealers for new construction.
When perfect binding requires a non-protein side glue compatible with hot-melt polyurethane caps, WH-PVAc 601 is used at 45–55% solids in a formulation free of animal protein. The adhesive is applied by wheel or nozzle at a wet film thickness of 0.25–0.35 mm. Open time is extended to 15–25 s by addition of 2–4 wt% glycerol or poly(ethylene glycol) 400. Initial tack is tested by ASTM D1876 T-peel on coated paper to kraft, with values of 25–40 N/25 mm. Heat resistance is specified at 60°C for 24 h; creep under a 1 kg load should not exceed 2 mm. The key process conflict is pH drift in the application pot from acidic book papers; 0.5 wt% calcium carbonate buffer maintains pH at 4.5–5.5 and prevents viscosity drop. Finished products are perfect-bound softcover books, telephone directories, and legal pads.
Solvent-free ceramic green machining uses WH-PVAc 601 as a temporary organic binder at 5–8 wt% solids on ceramic powder. The binder is introduced during high-shear mixing or ball milling to disperse alumina or zirconia powders, and plasticizer is added at 2–3 wt% of binder solids to prevent edge cracking during pressing at 30–50 MPa. Thermogravimetric analysis at a ramp rate of 10°C/min shows the main decomposition event between 300°C and 450°C, with residual ash below 0.1% after 600°C for 2 h. Binder burnout must be staged to avoid carbon residue: a hold step at 250–300°C for 30–60 min is used before the final sintering plateau. Published data for this specific grade in ceramic binder systems is limited; the above ranges are drawn from general polyvinyl acetate homopolymer behaviour. Finished products are technical ceramic substrates and pressed electrical insulators.
| Application | Standard/regulation | Test method or clause | Verification target |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waterborne adhesive | EN 204 / EN 205 | Dry shear and water immersion | ≥10 MPa dry, ≥2.0 MPa wet |
| Chewing gum base | FDA 21 CFR 172.615 | Molecular weight and residual monomer | ≥2,000 molecular weight |
| Paper food board | 21 CFR 176.170 / 21 CFR 176.180 | Extraction limits | Supplier food-contact certification |
| Architectural primer | EU Directive 2004/42/EC | VOC content | ≤30 g/L |
| Textile sizing | ASTM D2256 | Yarn tensile strength retention | Low ash after 750°C ignition |
| Ceramic binder | ISO 12677 | Ash and decomposition profile | ≤0.1% ash after 600°C |
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The dispersion is released against the following representative specification envelope. Viscosity is not a single-point property; the ratio between low-shear and mid-shear readings is used to control application behavior on roll coaters and disc gluing stations.
| Property | Specification range | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white liquid | Visual against reference standard |
| Solids content | 54.5–56.5 wt% | ISO 3251 |
| Brookfield viscosity, 25 °C, spindle 4, 20 rpm | 1800–2600 mPa·s | ISO 2555 |
| pH | 4.0–5.5 | ISO 976 |
| Minimum film-forming temperature | 5–10 °C | ISO 2115 |
| Average particle size | 0.8–1.6 µm | ISO 22412 |
| Free vinyl acetate monomer | <0.3 wt% | ISO 13741-1 |
| Density at 20 °C | 1.07–1.09 g/cm³ | ISO 2811 |
Because the dispersion is pseudoplastic, viscosity measured at a single spindle speed is insufficient for release. The ratio of viscosity at 2 rpm to 20 rpm is controlled between 3.0 and 4.5 to ensure adequate levelling without excessive penetration on lightweight paper. A batch that passes solids and pH but exhibits a low thixotropic ratio may still produce starved adhesive films during high-speed roll application. The glass transition temperature of the dried homopolymer is approximately 29–32 °C by differential scanning calorimetry using a heat-cool-heat protocol at 10 K/min according to ISO 11357-2. Below 20 °C, the storage modulus is approximately 2.0 GPa, falling by two orders of magnitude across the glass transition. This thermal profile explains why the unplasticized product resists creep at 40–50 °C but begins to soften above 60 °C unless crosslinked.
On a 1,200 L stainless steel compounding vessel equipped with a high-speed disperser, WH-PVAc 601 is usually let down under moderate shear at 300–600 rpm. Direct addition of alkaline thickeners at pH above 6.5 can raise Brookfield viscosity beyond 20,000 mPa·s and produce irreversible grain due to protective-colloid desorption. Dilution with process water should precede pH adjustment, and the batch temperature should remain below 35 °C. Production-scale pump sizing assumes a density of 1.08 g/cm³ and a flow curve that shifts upward by 10–15% for every 5 °C reduction below 20 °C. Pneumatic diaphragm pumps with 25–40 mm internal diameter and low-shear progressing-cavity pumps have been observed to transfer the product without coagulum formation, whereas high-speed centrifugal pumps can generate enough shear to destabilize the dispersion at impeller tip speeds above 8 m/s. In bookbinding side-glue application, the product is applied at 0.25–0.50 mm wet film thickness through a disc-roller gluer, with a setting time of 10–15 s before cover registration. At machine speeds above 80 cycles/min, dilution to 800–1200 mPa·s is typically achieved by water addition of 5–8 wt%.Under a hot-press lamination schedule at 70–90 °C and 0.7–1.0 N/mm² clamping pressure, the open time of WH-PVAc 601 falls to 3–5 min at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity. This is shorter than typical plasticized PVAc grades, which may retain open times of 6–8 min under the same conditions. The narrow window demands that lay-up occur within 90–120 s of adhesive application on a high-speed panel line to avoid skin-over and subsequent poor fiber tear. In continuous roll-to-roll paper lamination at 25–60 m/min, the coating weight is typically set at 20–35 g/m² wet; below 18 g/m², insufficient film continuity on recycled board with surface roughness above 2.5 µm leads to skip-coating and bond voids. Coating pans should be covered or equipped with an anti-skin spray because the product forms a surface film after 15–20 min of idle exposure at 30% relative humidity.
Comparative adhesion testing on beech and birch according to EN 205 shows that WH-PVAc 601 reaches fiber tear values above 70% after 24 h of press time at 20 °C and 0.8 N/mm². A conventional plasticized PVAc homopolymer containing 10 wt% dibutyl phthalate typically remains below 60% fiber tear under the same press conditions. Compression shear values on maple assemblies prepared according to ASTM D905-08 typically exceed 10 N/mm² after 24 h. The improvement is attributed to the absence of plasticizer interference in the cohesive strength build of the unplasticized polymer. However, the same unplasticized composition reduces low-temperature film formation: at 3 °C, the film becomes discontinuous and adhesion to cold surfaces weakens. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer dispersions with minimum film-forming temperatures below 0 °C outperform WH-PVAc 601 in cold-storage packaging, but they usually show lower heat resistance under static load at 60 °C. Published numerical comparisons for this specific product in cold-storage packaging are limited; formulators generally add 5–10 wt% of a compatible coalescent or plasticizer if the service condition requires film formation below 5 °C.| System | Minimum film-forming temperature | External plasticizer | Open time at 23 °C and 50% RH | Static load resistance at 60 °C |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WH-PVAc 601 | 5–10 °C | None added | 4–7 min | Moderate |
| Plasticized PVAc homopolymer | 1–5 °C | 8–12 wt% dibutyl phthalate | 6–10 min | Low |
| Vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer | <0 °C | None added | 10–20 min | Low to moderate |
Solvent-borne vinyl acetate adhesives are typically supplied at 25–35% solids and deposit a smooth film without particle coalescence limitations. WH-PVAc 601 at 55% solids requires different drying capacity because its minimum film-forming temperature is above 5 °C, and the film must coalesce before water evaporation is complete. In a hot-air drying tunnel with a residence time of 20–30 s and air temperature of 60–80 °C, the surface may dry before the core coalesces, producing a clear film with retained water pockets that later blush. Reformulation for solvent-free systems therefore includes 3–7 wt% of a slow coalescent such as triacetin or dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, and the coating weight is increased by 10–15% to compensate for the absence of solvent penetration into the substrate. The pH of the diluted bath must remain below 6.0; ammonia addition above 0.1 wt% can cause thickening beyond the operating range of standard airless spray equipment. The product should not be combined with cationic polymers, borate ions, or polyvalent metal salts at pH above 7, because destabilization is rapid under these conditions.
Storage stability is specified as 6 months when stored at 5–25 °C in sealed, corrosion-resistant containers. One freeze-thaw cycle at -5 °C can produce irreversible coagulum and a viscosity reduction of more than 30%, because the polyvinyl alcohol protective colloid is not freeze-thaw stable. The dispersion is biodegradable under aerobic conditions but must not be discharged to surface water because the polymer fraction exerts high chemical oxygen demand. For regulatory review, the product is assessed under REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU, and Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 for plastic materials intended for food contact when incorporated into a finished formulation. Compliance with specific food-contact migration limits must be demonstrated on the final adhesive film or coated article, not on the raw dispersion alone. Pre-drying is required when relative humidity exceeds 60% in open assembly operations, because the water-retentive colloid system extends moisture release and can delay bond-strength development beyond the stated press schedule.
